Interstate 105 (California)

Route map:
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the first road in California designated I-105, see
Interstate 105 (California 1964–1968). For the former state route signed as SR 42 and unsigned SR 105, see California State Route 42
.

East end I-605 / Studebaker Rd in Norwalk
Location
CountryUnited States
StateCalifornia
CountiesLos Angeles
Highway system
← SR 104→ SR 107

Interstate 105 (I-105) is an east–west auxiliary Interstate Highway in the Greater Los Angeles urban area of Southern California. It runs from State Route 1 (SR 1) near El Segundo and Los Angeles International Airport (LAX) to I-605 in the City of Norwalk. It is commonly known as the Century Freeway after Century Boulevard which it parallels, and also officially known as the Glenn Anderson Freeway after the late congressman Glenn M. Anderson who advocated for its construction.[3][4][5][6]

Route description

Harbor Freeway
(I-110)

The western terminus of I-105 is at Sepulveda Boulevard (SR 1) and Imperial Highway on the southern edge of Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), near the El Segundo–Los Angeles line. The California Streets and Highways Code actually defines Route 105's legal western terminus to be at "Pershing Drive near El Segundo", but Caltrans has never constructed the segment from Sepulveda Boulevard to Pershing Drive. Motorists can still continue west via Imperial Highway over conventional roadway to Pershing Drive, but it is not part of Route 105 nor is it under state maintenance.

East of Sepulveda Boulevard, I-105 intersects with

at-grade intersection
with Studebaker Road.

The freeway never intersects its parent route, I-5. Instead, I-105 complies with numbering conventions by intersecting other auxiliary routes of I-5 that do intersect I-5, namely I-405 and I-605.

Much of the length of the Century Freeway runs parallel to

100th Street
in the Los Angeles grid.

The Los Angeles Metro Rail C Line runs in the median of nearly the entire length of I-105. The C Line's eastern terminus is at Norwalk, at the interchange between I-105 and I-605; 2 mi (3.2 km) from the western end of the freeway, the C Line separates onto its own right-of-way at Aviation Boulevard, splitting into two branches: one turning south towards Redondo Beach and one (currently in the testing stages) heading north towards near LAX and future people mover, which is scheduled to open in 2025.

I-105 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System,[7] and is part of the National Highway System,[8] a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.[9]

History

Metro C Line platform at Willowbrook/Rosa Parks station, which lies between the east and westbound lanes of I-105

Early planning

I-105 was an integral part of a

Caltrans 1960s master plan for the Southern California freeway system, but did not open until 1993. The right-of-way was included on several early highway plans since at least 1947, although it was not named the "Century Freeway" until 1956, and was numbered Route 42. In 1965, the Century Freeway was added to the state system originated at State Route 1 (Sepulveda Boulevard) east to Central Avenue in the City of Los Angeles along an alignment very near to the current right-of-way.[10]
The current route was added to the Interstate system in 1968.

Design and local opposition

The route was designed between 1968 and 1972 by Caltrans District 7, under the direction of Design Chief Sid Elicks.

tax revolt of the late 1970s further hampered Caltrans' construction efforts.[11]

However, the major source of resistance to the freeway's construction was

African-American. Resentment over previous freeway projects' effects on other black communities resulted in significant modifications to the original route. Most cities along the way, weary of the noise and visual blight created by elevated freeways, demanded that the route be built far below grade in a "trench". Also, another source for resistance to the freeway's construction was that much of the I-105 path was going to be built in low income, high crime neighborhoods, which also delayed the freeway's construction until the crime in the areas went down.[citation needed
]

Norwalk was opposed to the freeway's proposed route through its city center, and blocked the freeway from reaching its intended terminus at the Santa Ana Freeway (I-5); however, Caltrans had already decided to abandon that section due to the inability of the severely congested Santa Ana Freeway to accommodate any more traffic.[citation needed]

Keith v. Volpe

In 1972, community opposition resulted in a federal lawsuit, Keith v. Volpe, being filed, charging a violation of various civil rights protections and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). An important figure in the freeway's history was Harry Pregerson, a United States federal judge who presided over the lawsuit concerning the freeway's construction and chose to continue presiding over the case despite being promoted to a higher level court.[12] The interchange with I-110 is named the Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange in his honor.[13] In 1972, Judge Pregerson enjoined the further development of the freeway until it has complied with the requirements of NEPA, the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), the Federal-Aid Highway Act, and the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Act of 1970.

In 1979, this lawsuit resulted in a Consent Decree, amended in 1981, which imposed several conditions on the development of the freeway, including additional public hearings, preparation of an environmental report, alterations to the design to reduce lanes and intersections, improve carpooling and provide for a transitway, which became the

I-605
.

Century Freeway Housing Program

A significant aspect of the Keith v. Volpe Consent Decree was the requirement that the housing removed to construct the freeway be replaced, leading to the creation of the Century Freeway Housing Program within the California Department of Housing and Community Development.

Notable demolished homes and buildings

The childhood home of

David Marks grew up. In 2005, the Beach Boys Historic Landmark
was built on the former site of the Wilson brothers' home and declared a California Historic Landmark.

The birthplace of Metallica, former bassist Ron McGovney's house, stood directly in the path of the route nearby to I-605 in Downey.

Another home in Downey, California, where siblings Richard and Karen Carpenter grew up before forming the musical duo the Carpenters, was also razed for I-105.

Post-construction

Westbound view along I-105 heading towards Vermont Ave, through the I-110 interchange

Throughout the difficulties, Congressman

LAX.[citation needed] After Anderson's death in 1994, Caltrans honored him by renaming the freeway in his honor. However, the route's original name, "Century Freeway", is still used on a number of maps.[14]

The freeway was originally signed with El Segundo as its westbound control city; however, in recent years, many of the El Segundo signs have been replaced and/or covered with "LAX Airport" signage due to the western terminus' proximity to Los Angeles International Airport.

Shortly before opening, filmmakers had access to use the empty freeway for a number of weeks to film the 1994 motion picture Speed.

Interstate 105 (1964–68)

Previously, the I-105 designation was used for

I-110); it went back to US 101 in 1968.[15]

Exit list

The entire route is in Los Angeles County.

Locationmi[16][1]kmExit[16]DestinationsNotes
Los Angeles line
0.500.801AImperial Highway westContinuation beyond SR 1
LAX Airport
Westbound exits signed as 1B (south), and 1C (north); western terminus of I-105
0.991.591D Nash Street –
LAX Airport
Alt. Exit		Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
2.013.232ALa Cienega Boulevard / Aviation BoulevardWestbound exit and eastbound entrance
SR 7
; I-405 north exit 45A, south exit 45
Hawthorne Boulevard
Hawthorne Boulevard not signed eastbound
Hawthorne4.717.585Crenshaw Boulevard
Los Angeles–West Athens line
6.7710.907AVermont Avenue
San Pedro
Judge Harry Pregerson Interchange; I-110 south exit 14A, north exits 14A-B
—

 I-110 Express Lanes north		Two-lane left exit; left lane tolled, right lane free HOV access only
Los Angeles–Willowbrook line
8.9014.329Central Avenue
Willowbrook9.7815.7410Wilmington Avenue
Lynwood11.5118.5212Long Beach Boulevard
Long Beach Freeway) – Pasadena, Long Beach
I-710 north exits 11A-B, south exit 11A
Paramount14.1322.7414Garfield AvenueEastbound exit and westbound entrance
14.6523.5815Paramount BoulevardWestbound exit and eastbound entrance
Lakewood Boulevard
)
16.6426.7817Bellflower Boulevard
San Gabriel River Freeway
)		Signed as exits 18A (south) and 18B (north); I-605 exit 9B; exit for southbound also includes direct exit ramp for Rosecrans Avenue
17.9128.82♦Hoxie Avenue – Norwalk Metro StationHOV exits only; all traffic allowed on entrances; westbound entrance also includes direct entrance ramp from Imperial Highway
18.1529.21♦Studebaker RoadHOV access only via I-105; all traffic is allowed on direct ramp from Hoxie Avenue;
at-grade intersection
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

References

  1. ^ a b California Department of Transportation (July 2007). "Log of Bridges on State Highways". Sacramento: California Department of Transportation.
  2. ^ "SC Los Angeles-Orange County fun facts page". Scvresources.com. Archived from the original on November 15, 2011. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  3. ^ Jeanne Bonfilio Issue Date: 04/2008. "Inside Seven - Caltrans, District 7 - Monthly Newsletter". Dot.ca.gov. Retrieved January 26, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ "I-105 Glenn Anderson Freeway (Century Freeway)". Roadstothefuture.com. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  5. ^ "Road: Century Freeway Project". Art-poetry.info. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  6. ^ a b "The Finding Aid of the Century Freeway records 0228". Oac.cdlib.org. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  7. ^ "Article 2 of Chapter 2 of Division 1". California Streets and Highways Code. Sacramento: California Office of Legislative Counsel. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
  8. ^ Federal Highway Administration (March 25, 2015). National Highway System: Los Angeles, CA (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved October 1, 2017.
  9. ^ Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike & Adderly, Kevin (June 20, 2012). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
  10. ^ Faigin, Daniel P. "California Highways: Routes 105 through 112". California Highways: Routes 105 through 112. Retrieved January 7, 2015.
  11. ^ "Photo Exhibit: Constructing Interstate 105". Craftypixel.com. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  12. ^ Henry Weinstein, "A Concrete Accomplishment : Transit: Long-planned Interstate 105 opens with gala festivities. Amid the tumult, Judge Harry Pregerson takes pride in job-training and housing programs he helped ensure in the freeway corridor." Los Angeles Times, October 15, 1993.
  13. ^ Hertzberg. "ACR 142 Assembly Concurrent Resolution". Info.sen.ca.gov. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  14. ^ Curtiss, Aaron (April 19, 1996). "The Freeway Numbers Game". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
  15. ^ "CA-Highways 105-112". Cahighways.org. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
  16. ^
    California Numbered Exit Uniform System. California Department of Transportation
    . August 22, 2018. Retrieved October 17, 2020.

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