Hawthorne, California
This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2023) |
Hawthorne, California | ||
---|---|---|
FIPS code 06-32548 | | |
GNIS feature IDs | 1652717, 2410720 | |
Website | cityofhawthorne.org |
Hawthorne is a city in the
History
Hawthorne was once part of the Rancho Sausal Redondo (Round Willow-grove Ranch) of the 22,458-acre (91 km2)
Hawthorne was founded in 1905 as the "Hawthorne Improvement Company" by real estate developers B.L. Harding and H.D. Lombard. Harding's daughter shared her birthday—the
Hawthorne was once a "whites only" settlement, commonly called a sundown town.[13] During the 1930s, signs warned African-Americans to be out of Hawthorne by sundown.[14]
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 6.1 square miles (16 km2), over 99% of it land.[citation needed]
To the north of Hawthorne is the
The
Hawthorne is five miles (8 km) from the Los Angeles International Airport.[15]
Hawthorne comprises
Climate
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Hawthorne, like the rest of the Los Angeles basin, has a Mediterranean climate:
- On average, the warmest month is August.
- The highest recorded temperature was 111 °F (44 °C) in 1961.
- On average, the coolest month is January.
- The lowest recorded temperature was 15 °F (−9 °C) in 1963.
- Most rainfall occurs during winter and spring.
Hawthorne has a Mediterranean climate or dry-summer subtropical (Köppen climate classification Csb on the coast, Csa inland), enjoying plenty of sunshine throughout the year, with an average of 263 sunshine days and only 35 days with measurable precipitation annually.[16]
The period of April through November is warm to hot and dry with average high temperatures of 71–79 °F (22–26 °C) and lows of 50–62 °F (10–17 °C). Due to the moderating effect of the ocean, temperatures are cooler than more inland areas of Los Angeles, where temperatures frequently exceed 90 °F (32 °C) and occasionally reach 100 °F (38 °C).[citation needed]
The Los Angeles area is also subject to the phenomena typical of a microclimate. As such, the temperatures can vary as much as 18 °F (10 °C) between inland areas and the coast, with a temperature gradient of over one degree per mile (1.6 km) from the coast inland. California has also a weather phenomenon called "June Gloom or May Grey", which sometimes brings overcast or foggy skies in the morning at the coast, but usually gives way to sunny skies by noon, during late spring and early summer.[citation needed]
The Los Angeles region averages 15 inches (385 mm) of precipitation annually, which mainly occurs during the winter and spring (November through April) with generally light rain showers, but sometimes as heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. On November 6, 1966, the first-ever documented tornado touched down within city limits. It caused significant damage, running for about one-half mile (0.80 km), from 132nd Street and Ramona Avenue to 140th Street and Ramona Avenue. Snowfall is extremely rare but not impossible in the city basin.[citation needed]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1930 | 6,596 | — | |
1940 | 8,263 | 25.3% | |
1950 | 16,316 | 97.5% | |
1960 | 33,035 | 102.5% | |
1970 | 53,304 | 61.4% | |
1980 | 56,437 | 5.9% | |
1990 | 71,349 | 26.4% | |
2000 | 84,112 | 17.9% | |
2010 | 84,293 | 0.2% | |
2020 | 88,083 | 4.5% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[17] |
2020
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000[18] | Pop 2010[19] | Pop 2020[20] | % 2010 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
10,397 | 8,642 | 9,147 | 13.00% | 10.25% | 10.38% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
27,208 | 22,579 | 20,763 | 32.35% | 26.79% | 23.57% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
199 | 172 | 128 | 0.24% | 0.20% | 0.15% |
Asian alone (NH) | 5,567 | 5,492 | 6,552 | 6.62% | 6.52% | 7.44% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 685 | 919 | 683 | 0.81% | 1.09% | 0.78% |
Some Other Race alone (NH) | 256 | 397 | 773 | 0.30% | 0.47% | 0.88% |
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) | 2,033 | 1,520 | 2,727 | 2.42% | 1.80% | 3.10% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 37,227 | 44,572 | 47,310 | 44.26% | 52.88% | 53.71% |
Total | 84,112 | 84,293 | 88,083 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
2010
At the
The census reported that 83,754 people (99.4% of the population) lived in households, 208 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 331 (0.4%) were institutionalized.
There were 28,486 households, 12,330 (43.3%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 10,833 (38.0%) were
The age distribution was 23,157 people (27.5%) under the age of 18, 9,487 people (11.3%) aged 18 to 24, 27,035 people (32.1%) aged 25 to 44, 18,395 people (21.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 6,219 people (7.4%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 31.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.6 males.
There were 29,869 housing units at an average density of 4,902.7 per square mile, of the occupied units 7,623 (26.8%) were owner-occupied and 20,863 (73.2%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.6%. 25,869 people (30.7% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 57,885 people (68.7%) lived in rental housing units.
During 2009–2013, Hawthorne had a median household income of $44,649, with 19.2% of the population living below the federal poverty line.[6]
2000
As of the census
There were 28,536 households, 43.7% included children under the age of 18, 38.6% were married couples living together, 23.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.7% were non-families. Of all households 24.5% were one person and 4.5% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.93 and the average family size was 3.50.
The age distribution was 31.7% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 34.9% from 25 to 44, 16.1% from 45 to 64, and 6.1% 65 or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.
The median household income was $31,887 and the median family income was $35,149. Males had a median income of $29,481 versus $27,427 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,022. About 18.4% of families and 20.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.6% of those under age 18 and 9.0% of those age 65 or over.
Mexican (27.1%) and Filipino (2.6%) are the most common ancestries in the city. Mexico (45.1%) and Guatemala (9.3%) are the most common foreign places of birth in the city.[23]
Homelessness
In 2022, Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority's Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count counted 173 homeless individuals in Hawthorne.[24]
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
2016 | 106 | — |
2017 | 95 | −10.4% |
2018 | 149 | +56.8% |
2019 | 108 | −27.5% |
2020 | 208 | +92.6% |
2022 | 173 | −16.8% |
Source: Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority |
Economy
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2015) |
As of 2022 the city is known as a center for the space industry and hosts numerous space related private companies, industries and startups.
# | Employer | # of Employees |
---|---|---|
1 | SpaceX | 6,094 |
2 | Amazon Fulfillment Center | 1,500 |
3 | Hawthorne School District | 900 |
4 | Wiseburn Unified School District | 394 |
5 | City of Hawthorne | 360 |
6 | Home Depot | 340 |
7 | OSI Systems | 280 |
8 | Expeditors | 260 |
9 | Teledyne Relays
|
253 |
10 | Target | 250 |
Besides the current top employers, the following businesses are currently located in Hawthorne:
- Century Media Records, independent rock label.
- Tesla, Inc. has its design center at the Hawthorne Municipal Airport.
- Konami Digital Entertainmenthas its US offices in Hawthorne.
- ARCH Motorcycle is headquartered in Hawthorne.
- Mynaric has an office and laboratory in Hawthorne.
Previously in Hawthorne:
- Mattel (formerly), toy manufacturer; originally started in Hawthorne in 1945 and moved to their current facility in nearby El Segundo, California by 1991.[28]
- Hawthorne Plaza, a regional shopping center, now closed
- The Boring Company, infrastructure and tunnel construction services company.
- P-61 Black Widow fighter in its Hawthorne plant, which was on the south side of Northrop Field (present-day Hawthorne Airport). The facility was, for some time, used as an aircraft plant, producing fuselage sections for Boeing 747s and 787s.[29] The building is currently used as the headquarters and main factory of SpaceX.[30]
Government
Municipal government
Hawthorne has an elected city council composed of a mayor elected every four years and four city council members elected on four year terms.
OFFICE | OFFICE HOLDER | TERM ENDS |
---|---|---|
Mayor | Alex Vargas | December 2024 |
Mayor Pro Tem | Angie Reyes-English | December 2024 |
Councilmember | L. David Patterson | December 2024 |
Councilmember | Alex Monteiro | December 2026 |
Councilmember | Katrina Manning | December 2026 |
OFFICE | OFFICE HOLDER | TERM ENDS |
---|---|---|
City Treasurer | Marie Poindexter-Hornback | December 2026 |
City Clerk | Dayna Williams-Hunter | December 2026 |
According to the city's most recent[when?] "Comprehensive Annual Financial Report," its various funds had $126.1 million in revenues, $113.2 million in expenditures, $220.2 million in total assets, $152.7 million in total liabilities, and $29.6 million in cash and investments.[33] The structure of the management and coordination of city services is:[34] The city manager is Vontray Norris.[3]
State and federal representation
In the
In the United States House of Representatives, Hawthorne is in California's 43rd congressional district, represented by Democrat Maxine Waters.[36]
Education
Primary and secondary schools
Hawthorne is served by multiple school districts.[37] Schools that include portions of Hawthorne include:[38]
- Hawthorne High School
- Leuzinger High School (Lawndale, California)
- Lawndale High School (Lawndale, California)
- Franklin D. Roosevelt-Kit Carson Elementary School (Alondra Park)[39]
- Will Rogers Middle School (Lawndale)[40]
- Lennox School District[37]
- Elementary schools with boundaries coinciding include: Buford, Felton, Jefferson, Dolores Hutera and Moffett[41]
- All district residents are zoned to Lennox Middle School (grades 6–8)
- Juan Cabrillo Elementary School (Kindergarten-2nd grade)
- 138th St School (3rd-5th grade) (To Be Renamed)
- Richard Henry Dana Middle School (6th-8th grade)
- Da Vinci Schools (9th-12th grade)
- Cimarron Elementary School (Hawthorne)
- Clay Middle School (Unincorporated area)
- Washington Preparatory High School(Unincorporated area)
In addition
Hawthorne Math and Science Academy is a charter high school in Hawthorne associated with the Hawthorne School District.[42]
Private schools
- Saint Joseph's Parish School (Catholic, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles)
- Trinity Lutheran School
- Al Huda Islamic School
Colleges and universities
- Los Angeles Southwest College (in an unincorporated area in Los Angeles County)
- El Camino College
Media
The Hawthorne Press Tribune is the community newspaper for the City of Hawthorne.[43]
Infrastructure
The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Curtis Tucker Health Center in Inglewood, serving Hawthorne.[44]
The United States Postal Service Hawthorne Post Office is located at 12700 Inglewood Avenue.[45]
Notable people
This section needs additional citations for verification. (December 2008) |
- All of the original members of the Beach Boys grew up in Hawthorne—Brian, Dennis and Carl Wilson, Mike Love, and Al Jardine—as did early member David Marks. The Wilsons' childhood home is commemorated by the Beach Boys Historic Landmark.[46][47][48]
- Carl Boenish, base jumper[49]
- have all resided in Hawthorne.
- NFL, actor and producer, was born in Hawthorne in 1946[53]
- OFWGKTA was born in Hawthorne.[54]
- Singer-songwriter Cuco grew up and currently resides in Hawthorne.[55]
- NEA chairman Dana Gioia was born and reared in Hawthorne.[56]
- Jazz critic and music historian Ted Gioia was born and raised in Hawthorne and graduated from Hawthorne High.[57][58]
- 700 WLW radio host, was born in Hawthorne.[59]
- Rapper Kurupt lived in Hawthorne after moving from Philadelphia.[60]
- Scott Laidlaw, running back for the Dallas Cowboys and the New York Giants of the NFL, was born in Hawthorne, grew up in Hawthorne, and went to Hawthorne High School.[61]
- Michael Marsh, Olympic gold medalist, attended Hawthorne High[62]
- Mike McDermott, former member of the Maryland House of Delegates, was born in Hawthorne.[63]
- Actress Marilyn Monroe lived in the city from infancy until she was 6.[64][65]
- Singer Chris Montez grew up in Hawthorne.[66]
- Jack Northrop founded and managed Northrop Corporation, which was headquartered in Hawthorne (see Economy section above).[67]
- Actor Butch Patrick of TV's The Munsters lived in Hawthorne for a short time.[46]
- Red Cloud, American rapper of indigenous Mexican descent, was born in Hawthorne.
- Musician Emitt Rhodes lived in Hawthorne.[68]
- Hawthorne High School in 1973.[69]
- Film and stage actress Betta St. John was born in Hawthorne.
- Rapper Big Syke lived in Hawthorne[70]
- Sports figure Jim Thorpe resided in Hawthorne during part of his life, and there is a park named after him.[71][72]
- Rapper Tyler, the Creator grew up in Hawthorne. The name of the city is seen on the cover of his album Call Me If You Get Lost.
- Russell Westbrook of the Los Angeles Clippers grew up in Hawthorne.[73][74]
- Dorell Wright of the Portland Trail Blazers grew up in Hawthorne.[75]
- Columbus Crew SC grew up in Hawthorne.[76]
References
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- ^ "City Council". City of Hawthorne. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
- ^ a b "City Manager's Office". City of Hawthorne. Archived from the original on March 13, 2020. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
- ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
- ^ "Hawthorne". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved October 11, 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Hawthorne (city) QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 16, 2021.
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- ^ Ogden Hoffman, 1862, Reports of Land Cases Determined in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, Numa Hubert, San Francisco
- ^ Map of Rancho Sausal Redondo
- ^ "Map of old Spanish and Mexican ranchos in Los Angeles County". Archived from the original on July 27, 2016. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ISBN 9780738529714.
- ^ KAPLAN, ERIN AUBRY (January 24, 2007). "Sun hasn't set on 'sundown towns'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
- ^ Wexler, Laura (October 23, 2005). "Book Review: Darkness on the Edge of Town (A review of SUNDOWN TOWNS: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism by James W. Loewen)". The Washington Post. p. BW03. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
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- ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Hawthorne city, California". United States Census Bureau.
- ^ "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA – Hawthorne city". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
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- ^ a b Sarah, McBride (May 12, 2022). "A Sleepy California City Gets the Elon Musk Makeover". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
- ^ "City of Hawthorne FY2021 CAFR". p. 189. Retrieved May 15, 2022.
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- ^ City of Hawthorne CAFR Archived December 14, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2009-08-18.
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- ^ "Zoning Map" (PDF). City of Hawthorne. Retrieved April 13, 2019. Compare this map to boundary maps issued by school districts.
- ^ "School Site Locator" (Archive). Lawndale Elementary School District. Retrieved on January 2, 2017.
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- ^ "Tour Location: 459 E Rhode Island Street, Hawthorne, California". The Movieland Directory. Archived from the original on June 21, 2009. Retrieved June 25, 2010.
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Further reading
- Dixon, Walt, and Jerry Roberts (2005). Hawthorne. Images of America. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. OCLC 61163282.