Kursenieki
This article needs additional citations for verification. (November 2007) |
Total population | |
---|---|
unknown | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Lithuania, Germany, Poland | |
Languages | |
Kursenieki language | |
Religion | |
Lutheranism | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Latvians, Prussian Lithuanians, Lithuanians |
The Kursenieki (
Confusion
Kursenieki are often confused with the extinct Curonian Baltic tribe, as neighbouring ethnic groups called Kuršininkai/Kursenieki as Curonians: in German, Latvian and Lithuanian, Kursenieki and the Curonian tribes are known by the same terms (Kuren, kurši and kuršiai respectively). In Lithuanian scholarly literature, the name kuršininkai is used to distinguish them from the Curonian tribe. Similarly in Latvian kursenieki is used mostly exclusively by scientists to distinguish them from the Curonian tribe. On the other hand, Kursenieki should not be confused with Kurzemnieki, which are the geographical group of Latvians from Courland.
The Kursenieki have never designated themselves as Latvians and called their own language "Curonian language" (kursisk valoud). From a linguistic point of view, it is a southwestern dialect of
Language
The language spoken by the Kursenieki is called Kursenieki language. It is distinct from Curonian language (or Old Curonian) spoken by the Curonian people.
History
Origins
The exact origin of the Kursenieki is unclear. One version says that they are indigenous descendants of the
Interbellum
Kursenieki were considered Latvians after
After World War II
Near the end of
.Some Kursenieki managed to return to their homes after the war, but only 219 lived along the Curonian Spit in 1955. Many had German names such as
have allowed the return to Kursenieki of property confiscated after World War II.Culture
This section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2022) |
The first scholar who took an interest in Kursenieki culture and language was Paul Kwauka, a member of the separatist movement of Memel Territory. His book "Kurisches Wörterbuch" is a highly valuable source of information. The work of describing their heritage is continued by one of the last remaining Kursenieki, Richard Pietsch.[6]
Image gallery
-
Nida
-
Restored Kursenieki wooden grave markers (Nidacemetery
Surnames
The surnames of Kursenieki have various origins, including:
- Latvian, some with elements of Old Curonian: Gulbis, Kakies, Kuite, Kukulitis, Pinkis, Strangulis
- Lithuanian: Kalwis, Lauzeningks, Detzkeit, Jakeit
- Lithuanian or Latvian or Old Prussian: Dullis, Purwins
- German: Kiehr, Schmidt
- German with Baltic elements: Engelins
- Slavic: Pietsch
- Polish: Schadowski
- Old Prussian: Schekahn
Notable people
- Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) had Kursenieki roots on his paternal side.
- Ludwig Rhesa (1776–1840), translator, member of Lietuvininkaimovement.
See also
Notes
- ^ "Lietuvis sauc mumis kuršininkās. Mes esam ne latviai, o kuršininkai" Archived 20 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine. (in Lithuanian), tr.: "Lithuanian calls us Curonians, we are not Latvians, we are Curonians".
- ^ Preserved Baltic, Scandinavian toponyms shows that people in Curonian Spit lived from generation to generation without interruption to 1944.
- ^ In the 15th century large scale emigration from Courland to Prussia has been documented. Bezzenberger A., Ueber die Sprache der Preussischen Letten, Goettingen, 1888.
- ^ In 1541 documents mention 162 fishermen originating from Ventspils, Kandava and other places of Courland. Forstreuter K., 1981, Das Volk des Kurisches Nehrung,– Wirkungen des Preussenlandes, Köln
- ^ 150 Curonians settled around Memel in 1630. 180 families arrived after 1655, some of them settled around Tilsit. A. Seraphim, Ueber Wanderungen lettischer Bauern aus Kurland nach Ostpreussen im 17. Jahrhundert, Altpreussische Monatsschrift, XXIX, 1892.
- ^ Kavaliauskaitė, G. (2000). "Nežinomas Paulius Kvauka". Mokslas Ir Gyvenimas (in Lithuanian). 3. Archived from the original on 27 September 2006. Retrieved 10 December 2006.
External links
- Eva Pluhařova-Grigienė. The Curonian Spit: Identity and Cultural Heritage
- Historical features of the northern part of the curonian spit
- Map of languages in Prussia and Memelland in 1900 (in German) large
- Die Kuren (in German)
- Rietumbalti un viņu kaimiņi kultūru krustcelēs (in Latvian)
- Kursenieki un to valoda Latvijas un latviešu pētījumos un publikācijās (in Latvian)
- Paskutinioji kuršininkų karta (in Lithuanian)
- Dalia Kiseliūnaitė. Kuršių Nerijos asmenvardžiai kaip gyventojų etninės sudėties liudininkai. Personennamen der Kurischen Nehrung als Zeugen der ethnischen Zusammensetzung der Bevölkerung (in Lithuanian and German)
- Baltu identitātes un etnosa saglabāšanās ilgtermiņa perspektīva. Baltų identiteto ir etnoso išlikimo ilgalaikė perspektyva. (in Latvian and Lithuanian)
- Dalia Kiseliūnaitė Paskutinioji kuršininkų karta (in Lithuanian)