Lactuca virosa
Wild lettuce | |
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Wild lettuce (Lactuca virosa) | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Genus: | Lactuca |
Species: | L. virosa
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Binomial name | |
Lactuca virosa L. 1753 not Thunb. 1800 nor Luce nor Hablitz
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Synonyms[1] | |
Synonymy
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Lactuca virosa is a plant in the
Description
Lactuca virosa is
The
In the northern hemisphere, it flowers from July until September.[4]
Distribution
Found coastally in Great Britain,[6] rarely in north-east of Ireland.[7] Lactuca virosa is widespread across much of central and southern Europe.[8] It can be found locally in the south east and east of England. In the rest of Great Britain it is very rare, and in Ireland it is absent. It is also found in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India and Australia where it grows in the wild.
In North America, it has been documented as introduced in
History
Lactuca virosa was used in the 19th century by physicians when opium could not be obtained. It was studied extensively by the Council of the
"Wild Salad" has long been known in the world of "natural remedies" or "alternative treatments". It is often referred to as the poor man's opium.[10]
Pharmacology
This section needs additional citations for verification. (September 2011) |
A
Lactuca virosa contains flavonoids, coumarins, and N-methyl-β-phenethylamine.[12][unreliable source?] A variety of other chemical compounds have been isolated from L. virosa. One of the compounds, lactucin, is an adenosine receptor agonist in vitro,[2] while another, lactucopicrin, has been shown to act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in vitro.[13]
References
- ^ The Plant List, Lactuca virosa L.
- ^ PMID 16621374.
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ ISBN 0-7232-2419-6.
- ISBN 978-185918-4783
- ISBN 0-521-04656-4
- ISBN 0-85389-446-9
- ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Lactuca virosa L. includes photos and European distribution map
- ^ Flora of North America, Lactuca virosa Linnaeus, 1753.
- ^ "Nature's Strongest Painkiller is More Effective Than Morphine & is Likely to Grow in Your Garden". 24 May 2019.
- ^ Wickes Felter, Harvey; Uri Lloyd, John (1898). King's American Dispensatory. Cincinnati: Ohio Valley Co. pp. 1114–1117, see Lactuca.—Lettuce and Tinctura Lactucarii (U. S. P.)—Tincture of Lactucarium.
- ^ Holistic Online herb information: Wild Lettuce
- PMID 16472227.
General references
External links
- Wild lettuce Vaults of Erowid
- Photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden