Lalitpur, Nepal
Lalitpur Metropolitan City
यल Manigal, Patan, Yala | ||
---|---|---|
ललितपुर महानगरपालिका | ||
District Lalitpur | | |
Incorporated | 1918 | |
Government | ||
• Mayor | Chiri Babu Maharjan
( Postal Code 44700 | |
Area code | 01 | |
Website | www |
Lalitpur Metropolitan City (
Lalitpur is also known as Manigal. It is best known for its rich cultural heritage, particularly its tradition of arts and crafts. It has a multi-ethnic population with a Hindu and Buddhist majority. Religious and cultural festivities form a major part of the lives of people residing in Kathmandu. Tourism is an important part of the city's economy and it is renowned for its festivals and feasts, ancient art, and the making of metallic, wood and stone statues. Lalitpur is also home to Patan Durbar Square, which has been listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Etymology and culture
One of the most used and typical
In May, a chariot festival honoring the deity known as
History
Ancient history
Lalitpur is believed to have been founded in the third century BC by the
Lalitpur is said to have been founded by King Veer Deva in 299 AD, but there is unanimity among scholars that Patan was a well established and developed town since ancient times. Several historical records including many other legends indicate that Patan is the oldest of all the cities of Kathmandu Valley. According to a very old
Malla era
The Licchavi era was followed by the
During the later part of the Malla era, Kathmandu Valley comprised four fortified cities: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur. These served as the capitals of the Malla confederation of Nepal. These states competed with each other in the arts, architecture, esthetics, and trade, resulting in tremendous development. The kings of this period directly influenced or involved themselves in the construction of public buildings, squares, and temples, as well as the development of waterspouts, the institutionalisation of trusts (called guthis), the codification of laws, the writing of dramas, and the performance of plays in city squares. Evidence of an influx of ideas from India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe among other places can be found in a stone inscription from the time of king Pratap Malla. Books have been found from this era that describe their tantric tradition (e.g. Tantrakhyan), medicine (e.g. Haramekhala), religion (e.g. Mooldevshashidev), law, morals, and history. Amarkosh, a Sanskrit-Nepal Bhasa dictionary from 1381 AD, was also found. Architecturally notable buildings from this era include Kathmandu Durbar Square, Patan Durbar Square, Bhaktapur Durbar Square, the former durbar of Kirtipur, Nyatapola, Kumbheshwar, the Krishna temple, and others.
Modern era
In 1768, Lalitpur was annexed to the Gorkha Kingdom by Prithvi Narayan Shah without any battle.
Geography
Lalitpur is on the elevated tract of land in
Climate
Climate is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. The
Historical monuments
The city was initially designed in the shape of the
The most important monument of the city is
Lalitpur was planned in Vihars and Bahils. Out of 295 Vihars and Bahils of the valley 56% of them are in Patan. The water conduits, stone spouts, jaladroni (water tanks), artistic gate ways, Hindu temples and Buddhist Vihars adorn the city.[citation needed]
Demographics
Language
As of the 2011 census, Nepali is the most common mother tongue in Lalitpur with 44.9% of the population speaking it as their mother tongue. Newar is spoken by 35.2% while the other languages spoken in the city include Tamang (6.2%), Maithili (3.4%), Magar (1.7%), Bhojpuri (1.4%) and Rai (1.3%) as their first language. English is also spoken by many, especially as a non-primary language.[9][10]
Ethnic groups
The largest group is the native
Religions
In terms of religion, 72.3% were Hindu, 19.2% Buddhist, 5.7% Christian, 1.7% Kirati, 0.8% Muslim, 0.1% Prakriti and 0.2% others.[13]
In terms of literacy, 86.0% could read and write, 1.6% could only read and 12.4% could neither read nor write.[14]
Economy
This section needs additional citations for verification. (September 2011) |
A substantial portion of the
The city is less urbanized than Kathmandu, north of the Bagmati river, but is home to many workshops, stores, restaurants, hotels, schools, embassies and other important sectors of the Kathmandu Valley economy. Buddha Air has its headquarters in Jawalakhel[15] near Patan.[16]
Education
Postsecondary education
Lalitpur is home to
Primary and secondary education
Lalitpur is home to few best schools and colleges of Nepal are located in Lalitpur. Every year thousands of students from all over Nepal arrive at Kathmandu to get admission in the various schools and colleges. Among all, the largest and reputed schools are
Other schools include the Hindu Vidya Peeth Nepal, St. Mary's, Graded English Medium School, DAV Sushil Kedia, Adarsha Kanya Niketan, Tri-padma Vidyashram, Adarsha Saral Madhyamik Vidyalaya, Sudesha High School, and Nava Suryodaya English Secondary School.
Libraries
Nepal National Library which was established in 1957 AD was moved to Lalitpur from Singha Durbar in 2061 BS. It is at Harihar Bhawan.[19] Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya, located near Patan Dhoka, is another library, which awards the Madan Puraskar and Jagadamba Shree Puraskar literary prizes is in the city. There are also numbers of libraries around Lalitpur Metropolitan city such as Deepawali Pustakalaya in Satdobato, Buddhibikash Library in Lagankhel, and Sanu Ko Pustakalaya in Manbhawan.
Landmarks
Lalitpur is renowned as a very artistic city. Most of the Nepalese art is devoted to gods, and there is an abundance of
- Patan Durbar Square: The palace square and residence of the Malla rulers of Patan state which now houses a museum.
- Patan Dhoka: One of the historical entrances to the old city. It was recently painted with the symbols of Asta-matrikas led by the veteran artist Lok Chitrakar.
- Hiranya Varna Mahavihar: A Buddhist temple known locally as Golden Temple.
- Mahabodhi temple in Bodh Gaya.
- Kumbheshwar Temple: A Shiva temple with two ponds whose water is believed to come from Gosaikunda.
- Banglamukhi Temple: A temple which is one of the ten mahavidyas (great wisdom goddesses) in Hinduism.
- Ratnakar Mahavihar: Also known as Ha Baha, the viahara complex is the official residence of the Kumariof Patan.
- Krishna Mandir: One of the stone temples of Nepal built by King Siddhinarsingh Malla in the 16th century.
- Juddha Shumsher Jang Bahadur Ranaas a private zoo, it is the only zoo in entire Nepal.
- Pimbahal Pokhari: This large pond is a hidden gem centred around a charming lakeshore pavilion. On the north side is three-tiered Chandeswari Temple built in 1663. Walk around the pond clockwise and you'll pass a 600-year-old whitewashed stupa that was damaged by Muslim invaders in 1357.
Transportation
Airports
All international and domestic flights for Kathmandu Valley are handled by Tribhuvan International Airport which lies about 7 km from Patan City Centre.
Roads
Walking is the easiest method of transportation within the city as the core is densely populated. In terms of motor transport, Kathmandu Ring Road which encircles the central part of the valley is a strategic road in the city. Connection to Kathmandu over the Bagmati River is provided by a host of road and pedestrian bridges. The most trafficked and important bridge connecting to the centre of Kathmandu is Thapathali Bridge. Since pedestrians and vehicles often have to share the same road, traffic congestion is a major problem in Patan. Efforts are being made to widen roads to make them more suitable to vehicular traffic.[21]
Public transportation
Private companies operate a number of routes connecting Patan with other places in the valley. Buses, micro-buses and electric tempos are the most common forms of public transport seen in the city. Lalitpur Yatayat buses connects the touristic Thamel area of Kathmandu with buses stopping at Patan Dhoka, a five-minute walk to Patan Durbar Square. Lagankhel Bus Park is the central transport hub. Sajha Yatayat is another major public vehicle service that connects Lalitpur with its neighboring districts. It also operates electric buses.
Infrastructure
Hospitals
Patan Hospital is a renowned government hospital in Lalitpur which is also the teaching hospital for the Patan Academy of Health Sciences. Patan Mental Hospital is located opposite Patan Hospital in Lagankhel, which is focused on mental illness patients. Nepal Mediciti Hospital, Bhaisepati and B&B Hospital, Gwarko are some renowned private hospitals in Lalitpur. Sumeru Hospital as kidney hospital located at Dhapakhel.
Media
Patan has several local FM radio stations present.
S.N | Radio Name | MHz | Operated by |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Radio Sagarmatha | 102.4 | Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalist |
2 | Radio Kantipur FM | 96.1 | Kantipur FM Pvt. Ltd. |
3 | BBC Radio | 103.0 | BBC World Service |
4 | Ujyaalo FM | 90.0 | Communication Corner Pvt. Ltd. |
5 | Times FM | 90.6 | Valley FM Pvt. Ltd. |
Sport, Fitness & Wellness
Club | Sport | Founded | League |
---|---|---|---|
Three Star Club | Football | 1974 | Martyr's Memorial A-Division League |
Friends Club | 1972 | ||
Jawalakhel Youth Club | |||
Chyasal Youth Club | 1981 | ||
Lalitpur Patriots | Cricket | 2017 | Everest Premier League |
Nepal Squash Rackets Association (NSRA)(Satdobato, International Swimming Complex (Satdobato), All Nepal Football Association (ANFA) (Satdobato), Nepal Taekwondo Association (Satdobato, Satdobato Youth Club (Satdobato, Khumaltar Youth Club, Tennis Complex (Satdobato), Army Physical Training Centre (Lagankhel), National Sports Centre (Chyasal), Satdobato Yog Sadhana Kendra (Satdobato), Bhelpa Bhairav Yog Sadhana Kendra (Satdobato), Nakipot Yog Sadana Kendra (Nakhipot), Dholahiti Yog Sadhana Kendra (Dholahiti) Bhalu Bhairav Gym (Satdobato)
Language
The native language of Patan is
Gallery
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Mipwa Lakhey performing, Patan, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Patan Durbar Square
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Patan Durbar Square
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Northern Ashök Stupa
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Water tank at Bhandarkhal Garden
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Tusha Hiti
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Bhoto Jatra at Jawalakhel, Lalitpur
References
- ^ "संक्षिप्त परिचय". Lalitpur Metropolitan City. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
- ^ "Lalitpur Metropolitan City | Government of Nepal". lalitpurmun.gov.np. Archived from the original on 2 September 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- ^ "Staff profile". lalitpurmun.gov.np.
- ^ "National Population and Housing Census". Government of Nepal. 2011. p. 41. Archived from the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
- ^ "Final Preliminary Report of Census 2021 Newfin" (PDF). Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ "Welcome to Official Site of Lalitpur Sub-Metropolital City Office, Nepal ::". Lalitpur.org.np. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
- ^ "Climate Summary for Patan, Nepal". Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
- ^ "Earthquake in Nepal: Patan Durbar Square shattered completely". India.com, online. Archived from the original on 13 October 2015. Retrieved 25 April 2015.
- ^ "Grid View: Table LANGUAGE – NepalMap". nepalmap.org. Archived from the original on 9 March 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
- ^ "NepalMap Language". Retrieved 4 June 2023.
- ^ "Kathmandu Population 2021 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs)". Archived from the original on 24 September 2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
- ^ NepalMap Caste [1]
- ^ NepalMap Religion [2]
- ^ NepalMap Literacy [3]
- ^ "Domestic/International Archived 2012-04-02 at the Wayback Machine." Buddha Air. Retrieved on 26 September 2011. "The company headquarters is located at Jawalakhel, Lalitpur"
- ^ "Contact Information Archived 2011-09-25 at the Wayback Machine." Buddha Air. Retrieved on 25 September 2011. "Buddha Air Pvt. Ltd Pulchowk Rd Patan"
- ^ "About PAHS". Patan Academy of Health Sciences. Archived from the original on 22 June 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
- ^ "About Virinchi College". Virinchi College. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
- ^ "NNL: About Us". Nepal National Library. Archived from the original on 20 May 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
- ^ "Historical Monuments". Lalitpur Sub-Metropolitan City. Archived from the original on 29 June 2012. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
- ^ "After Kathmandu, Lalitpur road expansion starts". Katipur Media. Archived from the original on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
External links
- Patan travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Official website
- Old pictures of Patan from 1920s
- Old video footage of Patan in 1978