List of sunbirds
The primary threat facing sunbirds is
The exact delineation of sunbird species is somewhat contested and varies from authority to authority: the
Conventions
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Ruby-cheeked sunbird | C. singalensis (Gmelin, J. F., 1789) Eleven subspecies
|
LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Fraser's sunbird | D. fraseri ( Jardine & Selby , 1843)
Three subspecies
|
West and Central Africa | LC
|
Grey-headed sunbird | D. axillaris (Reichenow, 1893) |
Central Africa | LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Plain-backed sunbird | A. reichenowi Gunning, 1909 Two subspecies
|
Disjunctly in coastal East Africa and western Southern Africa | NT
|
Anchieta's sunbird | A. anchietae (Barboza du Bocage, 1878) |
Angola east to Tanzania and Mozambique | LC
|
Plain sunbird | A. simplex (Müller, S., 1843) |
Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Sumatra | LC
|
Brown-throated sunbird | A. malacensis (Scopoli, 1786) Sixteen subspecies
|
Southeast Asia | LC
|
Grey-throated sunbird | A. griseigularis Tweeddale, 1878 Two subspecies
|
Philippines | LC
|
Red-throated sunbird | A. rhodolaemus Shelley, 1878 |
Malay Peninsula, Borneo, and Sumatra | NT
|
Mangrove sunbird[b] | A. gabonicus (Hartlaub, 1861) |
West and Central Africa | LC
|
Western violet-backed sunbird | A. longuemarei ( Lesson, R. P. , 1831)
Three subspecies
|
Sub-Saharan Africa | LC
|
Eastern violet-backed sunbird | A. orientalis Hartlaub, 1880 |
Horn of Africa south to Tanzania | LC
|
Uluguru violet-backed sunbird
|
A. neglectus Neumann , 1922
|
East Africa | LC
|
Violet-tailed sunbird | A. aurantius Verreaux, J. & Verreaux, É., 1851 |
Central Africa | LC
|
Little green sunbird | A. seimundi (Ogilvie-Grant, 1908) Three subspecies
|
West Africa, Central Africa, and western East Africa | LC
|
Yellow-chinned sunbird[c] | A. rectirostris[d] (Shaw, 1812) |
West Africa | LC
|
Grey-chinned sunbird[e] | A. tephrolaemus[d] (Jardine & Fraser, 1852) |
Central Africa | LC
|
Banded green sunbird[f]
|
A. rubritorques Reichenow, 1905 |
Tanzania | VU
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Collared sunbird | H. collaris (Vieillot, 1819) Nine subspecies
|
Sub-Saharan Africa | LC
|
Pygmy sunbird | H. platura (Vieillot, 1819) |
West and Central Africa | LC
|
Nile Valley sunbird | H. metallica ( Lichtenstein, M. H. C. , 1823)
|
Egypt south to Sudan and northern Horn of Africa, southwestern Arabian peninsula | LC
|
Amani sunbird
|
H. pallidigaster (Sclater, W. L. & Moreau, 1935) |
Tanzania and southeastern Kenya | EN
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Reichenbach's sunbird | A. reichenbachii (Hartlaub, 1857) |
Extreme southern West Africa east to Central Africa | LC
|
Príncipe sunbird | A. hartlaubii (Hartlaub, 1857) |
Príncipe |
LC
|
Newton's sunbird | A. newtonii (Barboza du Bocage, 1887) |
São Tomé Island |
LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Giant sunbird[g] | D. thomensis (Barboza du Bocage, 1889) |
São Tomé Island |
VU
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Orange-breasted sunbird | A. violacea (Linnaeus, 1766) |
Southwestern South Africa | LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Green-headed sunbird | C. verticalis (Latham, 1790) Four subspecies
|
West, Central, and East Africa | LC
|
Bannerman's sunbird
|
C. bannermani Grant, C. H. B. & Mackworth-Praed , 1943
|
Central Africa | LC
|
Blue-throated brown sunbird | C. cyanolaema ( Jardine & Fraser , 1852)
Three subspecies
|
West and Central Africa | LC
|
Cameroon sunbird | C. oritis (Reichenow, 1892) Three subspecies
|
Western Cameroon, southeastern Nigeria, and Bioko | LC
|
Blue-headed sunbird | C. alinae Jackson, F. J., 1904 Five subspecies
|
Eastern Rift Mountains
|
LC
|
Olive sunbird | C. olivacea (Smith, A., 1840) Eleven subspecies
|
Sub-Saharan Africa south of the Sahel | LC
|
Grey sunbird[h] | C. veroxii (Smith, A., 1832) Three subspecies
|
Coasts of East and Southern Africa | LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Buff-throated sunbird | C. adelberti (Gervais, 1834) Two subspecies
|
West Africa | LC
|
Carmelite sunbird | C. fuliginosa (Bechstein, 1811) Two subspecies
|
West and Central Africa | LC
|
Green-throated sunbird | C. rubescens (Vieillot, 1819) Three subspecies
|
Central Africa | LC
|
Amethyst sunbird | C. amethystina (Shaw, 1812) Four subspecies
|
Central, East, and Southern Africa | LC
|
Scarlet-chested sunbird | C. senegalensis (Linnaeus, 1766) Six subspecies
|
Sub-Saharan Africa | LC
|
Hunter's sunbird | C. hunteri (Shelley, 1889) |
Horn of Africa and East Africa | LC
|
Socotra sunbird | C. balfouri (Sclater, P. L. & Hartlaub, 1881) |
Socotra | LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Purple-rumped sunbird | L. zeylonica (Linnaeus, 1766) Two subspecies
|
Indian subcontinent | LC
|
Crimson-backed sunbird | L. minima (Sykes, 1832) |
Southwestern India | LC
|
Purple-throated sunbird | L. sperata[i] (Linnaeus, 1766) Four subspecies
|
Philippines | NE
|
Van Hasselt's sunbird | L. brasiliana (Gmelin, J. F., 1788) Five subspecies
|
Eastern Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia | LC
|
Black sunbird | L. aspasia ( Lesson, R. P. and Garnot , 1828)
Twenty-one subspecies
|
Eastern Indonesia and Papua New Guinea | LC
|
Copper-throated sunbird | L. calcostetha ( Jardine , 1842)
|
Southeast Asia | LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Bocage's sunbird | N. bocagii Shelley, 1879 |
Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola | LC
|
Purple-breasted sunbird | N. purpureiventris (Reichenow, 1893) |
Albertine Rift Mountains
|
LC
|
Tacazze sunbird | N. tacazze ( Stanley , 1814)
Two subspecies
|
Horn of Africa and East Africa | LC
|
Bronzy sunbird[j] | N. kilimensis Shelley, 1885 Three subspecies
|
Central and East Africa | LC
|
Malachite sunbird | N. famosa (Linnaeus, 1766) Two subspecies
|
East Africa and Southern Africa | LC
|
Scarlet-tufted sunbird[k] | N. johnstoni Shelley, 1885 Four subspecies
|
East Africa | LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Golden-winged sunbird | D. reichenowi Fischer, G. A., 1884 Three subspecies
|
East Africa |
LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Olive-bellied sunbird | C. chloropygius ( Jardine , 1842)
Three subspecies
|
West and Central Africa | LC
|
Tiny sunbird | C. minullus Reichenow, 1899 |
West and Central Africa | LC
|
Eastern Miombo sunbird
|
C. manoensis Reichenow, 1907 Two subspecies
|
East Africa | LC
|
Western Miombo sunbird
|
C. gertrudis Grote, 1926 |
Central and East Africa | LC
|
Southern double-collared sunbird | C. chalybeus (Linnaeus, 1766) Two subspecies
|
Southern Africa | LC
|
Neergaard's sunbird | C. neergaardi Grant, C. H. B. , 1908
|
Southern Africa | NT
|
Rwenzori double-collared sunbird[l] | C. stuhlmanni Reichenow, 1893 Four subspecies
|
Eastern Rift Mountains
|
LC
|
Whyte's double-collared sunbird
|
C. whytei[m] Benson, 1948 Two subspecies
|
East Africa | NE
|
Prigogine's double-collared sunbird
|
C. prigoginei MacDonald , 1958
|
Southeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo | NT
|
Ludwig's double-collared sunbird | C. ludovicensis[m] (Barboza du Bocage, 1868) |
Angola | NE
|
Northern double-collared sunbird | C. reichenowi Sharpe, 1891 Two subspecies
|
Western Central Africa and East Africa | LC
|
Greater double-collared sunbird | C. afer (Linnaeus, 1766) |
Southern Africa | LC
|
Regal sunbird | C. regius Reichenow, 1893 Two subspecies
|
Albertine Rift Valley
|
LC
|
Rockefeller's sunbird
|
C. rockefelleri Chapin, 1932 |
Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo | VU
|
Eastern double-collared sunbird | C. mediocris Shelley, 1885 |
Kenya and Tanzania | LC
|
Usambara double-collared sunbird
|
C. usambaricus Grote, 1922 |
Southeast Kenya and northeast Tanzania | NT
|
Forest double-collared sunbird | C. fuelleborni Reichenow, 1899 Two subspecies
|
East Africa | LC
|
Moreau's sunbird
|
C. moreaui Sclater, W. L., 1933 |
Central Tanzania | NT
|
Loveridge's sunbird | C. loveridgei Hartert, E. J. O., 1922 |
Eastern central Tanzania | EN
|
Beautiful sunbird | C. pulchellus[n] (Linnaeus, 1766) Two subspecies
|
West, Central, and East Africa | NE
|
Marico sunbird | C. mariquensis Smith, A., 1836 Three subspecies
|
East and Southern Africa | LC
|
Shelley's sunbird | C. shelleyi[o] Alexander, 1899 |
East Africa | NE
|
Hofmann's sunbird
|
C. hofmanni[o] Reichenow, 1915 |
Eastern Tanzania | NE
|
Congo sunbird
|
C. congensis ( van Oort , 1910)
|
Congo Basin | LC
|
Red-chested sunbird | C. erythrocercus (Hartlaub, 1857) |
Exterme southern Sudan to central Tanzania | LC
|
Black-bellied sunbird | C. nectarinioides Richmond, 1897 Two subspecies
|
East Africa | LC
|
Purple-banded sunbird | C. bifasciatus (Shaw, 1812) Two subspecies
|
East, Central, and Southern Africa | LC
|
Tsavo sunbird | C. tsavoensis van Someren , 1922
|
Kenya and northeastern Tanzania | LC
|
Violet-breasted sunbird
|
C. chalcomelas Reichenow, 1905 |
Somalia and Kenya | LC
|
Pemba sunbird | C. pembae Reichenow, 1905 |
Pemba Island |
LC
|
Orange-tufted sunbird | C. bouvieri Shelley, 1877 |
Central Africa | LC
|
Palestine sunbird | C. osea Bonaparte, 1856 Two subspecies
|
Arabian Peninsula and Central Africa | LC
|
Arabian sunbird | C. hellmayri Neumann , 1904
Two subspecies
|
Arabian Peninsula | NE
|
Shining sunbird | C. habessinicus[p] (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1828) Three subspecies
|
East Africa | NE
|
Splendid sunbird | C. coccinigastrus (Latham, 1801) |
West and Central Africa | LC
|
Johanna's sunbird | C. johannae Verreaux, J. & Verreaux, É., 1851 Two subspecies
|
West and Central Africa | LC
|
Superb sunbird | C. superbus (Shaw, 1812) Four subspecies
|
West and Central Africa | LC
|
Rufous-winged sunbird
|
C. rufipennis (Jensen, 1983) |
Central Tanzania | VU
|
Oustalet's sunbird | C. oustaleti (Barboza du Bocage, 1878) Two subspecies
|
Disjunctly, in Angola, and in Tanzania and Zambia | LC
|
White-bellied sunbird | C. talatala Smith, A., 1836 |
Southern Africa | LC
|
Variable sunbird | C. venustus (Shaw, 1799) Five subspecies
|
West, Central, and East Africa | LC
|
Dusky sunbird | C. fuscus Vieillot, 1819 Two subspecies
|
Southwestern Africa | LC
|
Ursula's sunbird | C. ursulae (Alexander, 1903) |
Cameroon | LC
|
Bates's sunbird | C. batesi Ogilvie-Grant, 1908 |
West and Central Africa | LC
|
Copper sunbird | C. cupreus (Shaw, 1812) Two subspecies
|
West, Central, and East Africa | LC
|
Purple sunbird | C. asiaticus (Latham, 1790) Thre subspecies
|
Eastern Arabian Peninsula east to Indochina
|
LC
|
Olive-backed sunbird
|
C. jugularis[q] (Linnaeus, 1766) Twenty-one subspecies
|
Southeast Asia to Papua New Guinea and northern Australia | NE
|
Apricot-breasted sunbird | C. buettikoferi Hartert, E. J. O., 1896 |
Sumba |
LC
|
Flame-breasted sunbird | C. solaris (Temminck, 1825) Two subspecies
|
Lesser Sunda Islands and Wetar | LC
|
Souimanga sunbird | C. sovimanga (Gmelin, J. F., 1788) Five subspecies
|
Madagascar and Seychelles | LC
|
Malagasy green sunbird[r] | C. notatus[s] (Müller, P. L. S., 1776) Three subspecies
|
Madagascar and Comoros | NE
|
Seychelles sunbird | C. dussumieri (Hartlaub, 1861) |
Seychelles | LC
|
Humblot's sunbird | C. humbloti Milne-Edwards, A. & Oustalet, 1885 Two subspecies
|
Grande Comore and Mohéli | LC
|
Anjouan sunbird | C. comorensis Peters, W., 1864 |
Anjouan | LC
|
Mayotte sunbird | C. coquerellii (Hartlaub, 1860) |
Mayotte |
LC
|
Loten's sunbird | C. lotenius (Linnaeus, 1766) Two subspecies
|
India and Sri Lanka | LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Grey-hooded sunbird | A. primigenia (Hachisuka, 1941) Two subspecies
|
Mindanao | LC
|
Apo sunbird | A. boltoni[t] Mearns, 1905 Three subspecies
|
Mindanao | LC
|
Lina's sunbird | A. linaraborae Kennedy, R. S., Gonzales & Miranda, 1997 |
Mindanao | NT
|
Flaming sunbird | A. flagrans Oustalet, 1876 |
Luzon and Catanduanes | LC
|
Maroon-naped sunbird | A. guimarasensis (Steere, 1890) Two subspecies
|
Negros, Panay, and Guimaras | LC
|
Metallic-winged sunbird | A. pulcherrima[u] Sharpe, 1876 |
Central and southern Philippines | NE
|
Luzon sunbird
|
A. jefferyi[u] (Ogilvie-Grant, 1894) |
Luzon | NE
|
Bohol sunbird
|
A. decorosa[u] (McGregor, 1907) |
Bohol | NE
|
Elegant sunbird | A. duyvenbodei (Schlegel, 1871) |
Sangihe Islands | EN
|
Lovely sunbird | A. shelleyi Sharpe, 1876 |
Palawan archipelago | LC
|
Handsome sunbird | A. bella Tweeddale, 1877 Six subspecies
|
Philippines | LC
|
Mrs. Gould's sunbird | A. gouldiae (Vigors, 1831) Four subspecies
|
Himalayan foothills
|
LC
|
Green-tailed sunbird | A. nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836) Nine subspecies
|
Himalayan foothills
|
LC
|
White-flanked sunbird | A. eximia (Horsfield, 1821) |
Java | LC
|
Fork-tailed sunbird | A. christinae[v] Swinhoe, 1869 Three subspecies
|
China, Vietnam, and Laos | NE
|
Black-throated sunbird | A. saturata (Hodgson, 1836) Ten subspecies
|
Himalayan foothills
|
LC
|
Crimson sunbird | A. siparaja ( Raffles , 1822)
Fourteen subspecies
|
South Asia, Southeast Asia, and southern China | LC
|
Magnificent sunbird | A. magnifica Sharpe, 1876 |
Western and Central Visayas | LC
|
Vigors's sunbird | A. vigorsii (Sykes, 1832) |
Western India | LC
|
Javan sunbird | A. mystacalis (Temminck, 1822) |
Java | LC
|
Temminck's sunbird | A. temminckii (Müller, S., 1843) |
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo | LC
|
Fire-tailed sunbird | A. ignicauda (Hodgson, 1836) Two subspecies
|
Himalayas | LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Purple-naped sunbird
|
K. hypogrammicum (Müller, S., 1843) Five subspecies
|
LC
|
Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | IUCN status and estimated population |
---|---|---|---|
Little spiderhunter | A. longirostra (Latham, 1790) Ten subspecies
|
South and Southeast Asia | LC
|
Orange-tufted spiderhunter | A. flammifera Tweeddale, 1878 Two subspecies
|
Philippines | LC
|
Pale spiderhunter | A. dilutior Sharpe, 1876 |
Palawan | LC
|
Thick-billed spiderhunter | A. crassirostris (Reichenbach, 1853) |
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo | LC
|
Long-billed spiderhunter | A. robusta Müller, S. & Schlegel, 1844 Two subspecies
|
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo | LC
|
Spectacled spiderhunter | A. flavigaster (Eyton, 1839) |
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo | LC
|
Yellow-eared spiderhunter | A. chrysogenys (Temminck, 1826) Two subspecies
|
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo | LC
|
Naked-faced spiderhunter | A. clarae Blasius, W., 1890 Four subspecies
|
Philippines | LC
|
Gray-breasted spiderhunter
|
A. modesta (Eyton, 1839) Three subspecies
|
Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo | LC
|
Streaky-breasted spiderhunter | A. affinis (Horsfield, 1821) |
Java and Bali | LC
|
Bornean spiderhunter | A. everetti[w] (Sharpe, 1893) |
Borneo | NE
|
Streaked spiderhunter | A. magna[w] (Hodgson, 1836) Five subspecies
|
Eastern Indochina
|
NE
|
Whitehead's spiderhunter | A. juliae Sharpe, 1887 |
Borneo |
LC
|
Notes
- ^ The IUCN follows the taxonomy proposed by the HBW and BirdLife Taxonomic Checklist.[4]
- ^ Called mouse-brown sunbird by The Clements Checklist.[5]
- ^ Called yellow-throated sunbird by The Clements Checklist.[5]
- ^ a b The yellow-chinned and grey-chinned sunbirds are treated as a single species, the green sunbird, by the Clements Checklist.[5]
- ^ Called gray-throated sunbird by The Clements Checklist.[5]
- ^ Called banded sunbird by The Clements Checklist.[5]
- ^ Called São Tomé sunbird by The Clements Checklist.[5]
- ^ Called mouse-colored sunbird by The Clements Checklist.[5]
- sensu stricto (L. sperata) and the orange-lined sunbird (L. juliae).[4]
- IUCN.[5]
- IUCN.[5]
- IUCN.[5]
- ^ a b Whyte's double-collared sunbird and Ludwig's double-collared sunbird are treated as a single species, the montane double-collared sunbird, by the IUCN and Clements.[4][5]
- sensu stricto (C. pulchellus).[4]
- ^ a b Hofmann's sunbird is considered a subspecies of Shelley's sunbird by the IUCN and Clements.[4][5]
- ^ a b The Arabian sunbird is treated as a subspecies of the shining sunbird by the Clement's Checklist.[5]
- ^ Called Malagasy sunbird by The Clements Checklist.[5]
- ^ The IUCN splits the Malagasy green sunbird into three species, the long-billed sunbird (C. notatus), Grand Comoro sunbird (C. moebii), and Moheli sunbird (C. voeltzkowi).[4]
- sensu stricto (A. malindangensis).[5]
- ^ a b c The Bohol and Luzon sunbirds are treated as a subspecies of the metallic-winged sunbird by the IUCN and Clements.[4][5]
- sensu stricto (A. latouchii).[4]
- ^ a b The Bornean spiderhunter is treated as a subspecies of the streaked spiderhunter by the IUCN.[4]
References
- ^ a b c d e Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (July 2023). "Dippers, leafbirds, flowerpeckers, sunbirds". IOC World Bird List. v 13.2. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved October 3, 2023.
- ^ S2CID 216264284. Retrieved May 25, 2023.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4081-3567-9. Archivedfrom the original on October 7, 2023. Retrieved July 10, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7". HBW and BirdLife International. 2022. Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Clements, James F.; Rasmussen, P. C.; Schulenberg, T. S.; Iliff, M. J.; Fredericks, T. A.; Gerbracht, J. A.; Lepage, Denis; Billerman, S. M.; Sullivan, B. L.; Wood, C. L. (2023). "The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2023". Clements Checklist. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
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- ^ Karuthedathu, Dipu; Das, Vinay; J., Praveen; Ramachandran, Vijay; Shurpali, Sachin; Nair, Manoj V. (January 17, 2014). "Some significant avian records from Odisha" (PDF). Indian Birds. 9 (1): 16. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2023. Retrieved June 14, 2023.
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