Michael Forrestal

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For the Canadian senator, see Michael Forrestall. For other uses, see Forrestal (disambiguation).
Michael Forrestal
Born
Michael Vincent Forrestal

November 26, 1927
New York City, U.S.
DiedJanuary 11, 1989 (aged 61)
New York City, U.S.
Resting placeArlington National Cemetery
Occupation(s)Government aide, legal adviser
Parent(s)James and Josephine Forrestal[1]

Michael Vincent Forrestal (November 26, 1927 – January 11, 1989) was one of the leading aides to

Ngô Đình Diệm
.

Following the

John F. Kennedy assassination, which occurred later in the month, led to Forrestal's retirement from government service in 1965. Speculation at the time suggested that he left the White House because of his decreasing influence in the administration of Kennedy's successor, Lyndon B. Johnson
.

Other than his political life, Forrestal was a senior partner in Shearman & Sterling and a legal advisor to the state-owned Algerian oil company, Sonatrach during the 1970s. Forrestal also had a role in the German-based Allied Control Council and the U.S.–USSR Trade and Economic Council.[1]

Biography

Forrestal was born in New York City on November 26, 1927 to James Forrestal and Josephine Forrestal. His father served as Secretary of the Navy before becoming the first Secretary of Defense in 1947.[2]

In 1946 Michael Forrestal graduated from

Ambassador to the Soviet Union. He later served as secretary of the Quadripartite Naval Directorate, part of the post-World War II Allied Control Council that administered Berlin
. From 1948 to 1950 he was deputy director of the East-West Trade Division of the U.S. European Cooperation Administration.

Forrestal attended

LL.B. degree at Harvard Law School in 1953.[1] He practiced with the New York City firm of Shearman & Sterling, and became a partner in 1960.[1]
By 1978 he had become the firm's senior partner.

Vietnam War

See also:
1963 South Vietnamese coup

From 1962 to 1965 Forrestal was a member of the senior staff of the National Security Council, where he specialized in Asian affairs and participated in the deliberations and decisions that led to increased U.S. military presence in Vietnam.

In response to President

John McCone on vacation. President Kennedy was on vacation, when Forrestal telephoned seeking to expedite the process with the commander-in-chief's verbal approval.[3] Kennedy asked them to "wait until Monday" when all the key figures would be in Washington, but Forrestal said that Harriman and Hilsman wanted to get the cable "out right away".[3] Kennedy thus told Forrestal to get another high-ranking official to "get it cleared".[3] The trio then contacted other senior officials, several of whom approved under the misunderstanding that someone else had already cleared the cable. Forrestal phoned Roswell Gilpatric in the evening and told him that both Kennedy and Rusk had already approved. Gilpatric later recalled that "If Rusk went along with it and the President went along with it, I wasn't going to oppose it."[4] Richard Helms of the CIA also endorsed the message without notifying his director McCone; he later said that he believed that Forrestal was only advising of a resolution that had already been made.[4] Forrestal then told Kennedy that he had gained the support of Kennedy's inner circle, so the president told him to send the message. Cable 243 was thus sent to Lodge at 21:36.[4]

Cable 243 called for Lodge to lobby for the removal from influence of Diem's younger brother and chief political adviser

Ngo Dinh Nhu, and to look for alternative leadership options if Diem refused. As it was known that Diem would never sideline Nhu, it was effectively an authorisation for Lodge to encourage a military coup.[5][6][7]

The decision to authorise the cable prompted significant infighting in the administration at the Monday morning meeting on August 26. Kennedy was met with angry comments by Rusk, McNamara, McCone and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General

Maxwell Taylor, all of whom denied authorizing the cable. Taylor condemned the cable as an "egregious end run" by an anti-Diem faction.[8] He later claimed that the message was reflective of Forrestal and Hilsman's "well-known compulsion" to remove Diem.[9] and accused them of pulling "a fast one".[8] Kennedy was unhappy at Forrestal for perceived incompetence and angrily criticized Forrestal for proceeding without gaining the explicit approval of McCone, Forrestal offered to resign. Kennedy acerbically replied "You're not worth firing. You owe me something, so you stick around."[8]

Forrestal was a longtime trustee of Phillips Exeter Academy and served as the board's president. In addition, he was a longtime patron of the Metropolitan Opera, and was a member of the Metropolitan Opera Association's executive committee.

Personal life

Forrestal died in New York City on January 11, 1989. He suffered an aneurysm while chairing a meeting of the

Arlington, Virginia,[10]
near the graves of his parents and his brother Peter. Michael Forrestal never married or had children.

Notes

  1. ^
    New York Times
    . Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  2. ^ "James V. Forrestal, September 17, 1947 – March 28, 1949, 1st secretary of defense, Truman administration". US Department of Defense. Retrieved 2008-09-30.
  3. ^ a b c Jones, p. 315.
  4. ^ a b c Jones, p. 316.
  5. ^ Jacobs, pp. 162–63.
  6. ^ Karnow, pp. 303–04.
  7. ^ Halberstam, pp. 157–58.
  8. ^ a b c Jones, p. 319.
  9. ^ Jones, p. 318.
  10. ^ "Burial Detail: Forrestal, Michael V. (Section 30, Grave 674) Birth Date: 11/26/1927; Death Date: 01/11/1989; Interment Date: 01/26/1990". ANC Explorer. Arlington National Cemetery. (Official website).

References

External links
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