Mongolian People's Army

In 1971–72, Mongolian forces were listed as two infantry divisions; 40 T-34 and 100 T-54/55 tanks; 10 SU-100 tank destroyers, BTRs, and Air Force of 1,000 men with no combat aircraft. The Air Force has transports, trainers, and 10 Mil Mi-1 and Mil Mi-4 helicopters.^[17][18]

Education

Political indoctrination

The central Political Administration Unit was established in the army in 1921 to supervise the work of political commissars (

In 1921–1927, the land forces, almost exclusively horsemen, numbered about 17,000 mounted troops and boasted more than 200 heavy machine guns, 50 mountain howitzers, 30 field guns, seven armored cars, and a maximum of up to 20 light tanks.

Basic units and motorization

The basic unit was the 2,000-man cavalry regiment consisting of three squadrons. Each 600-plus-man squadron was divided into five companies: a machine gun company, and an engineer unit. Cavalry regiments were organized into larger units--brigades or divisions—which included artillery and service support units. The chief advantage of this force was mobility over the great distances in Mongolia: small units were able to cover more than 160 km in 24 hours.

Branches

Special troops of the Ground Forces

Armoured corps

Under Soviet support campaign for mechanization, the army formed its first mechanized unit in 1922. Also it was by structure in the ground force half-mechanization cavalry in the other units distributed to light armored vehicles until 1943. It began to process to motorised since 1943. This is a list of Mongolian People's Army tanks and armour during the 1922s-World War II period.

Anti-aircraft forces

Although little attention was paid to anti-aircraft weaponry in the Mongolian People's Army, a few dozen units of Soviet origin were known to be distributed to light armored outfits.

Mongolian People's Army Air Force

The Mongolian People's Army Aviation drastically improved with Soviet training and vastly ameliorated within a time span of several years. In May 1925, a

The Mongolian People's Air Force has operated a variety of aircraft types.

Army ranks and uniform

• Conscript soldiers
  • Private
  • Lance Corporal
  • Corporal
  • Senior Corporal
• NCO's
  • Junior Sergeant
  • Sergeant
  • Senior Sergeant
  • Training Sergeant
  • Lead Sergeant
• Officers
  • 2nd Lieutenant
  • 1st Lieutenant
  • Captain
  • Major
  • Lieutenant Colonel
  • Colonel
  • Brigadier General
  • Major General
  • Lieutenant General
  • General

On 28 April 1944, the Council of Ministers promoted the 11 officers to the rank of general, a rank that was never crossed before up until then. This date has been remembered as “Mongolian Generals' Day”.^[21] The highest military ranks in the MPA army general, but in 2006 the Law on the Legal Status of Military Servicemen was amended to make it more developed to a Western model.^[21]

Because establishment of the Armed Forces was based on a Soviet military system in the 1920s, the Mongolian People's Army used similar uniforms with the

From the 1960s, the equipment and uniforms of the Mongolian People's Army were modernized.^{[citation needed]} As before, the Mongolian People's Army (a Soviet ally) was similar to the Soviet Armed Forces in appearance and structure.

Equipment

Ground Forces (1950–1990)

Equipment	Origin	Versions	Number	Notes
Medium Tank
SU-100	Soviet Union	Self-propelled gun	10[22]
T-34/85		Medium Tank	40[22]
T-54			250[22]
T-55			250[22]
T-62		Main Battle Tank	100[22]
Armored Personnel Carrier
BMP-1	Soviet Union	Infantry Fighting Vehicle	400[22]
BTR-40		Wheeled armoured personnel carrier	200[22]
BTR-60			50[22]
BTR-152
BRDM-1		Armored Personnel Carrier	150[22]
BRDM-2		Armored Personnel Carrier	120[22]
Multiple rocket launcher
BM-21 Grad	Soviet Union	122 mm Multiple rocket launcher	130[22]
Towed artillery
85 mm divisional gun D-44	Soviet Union	85 mm divisional gun	unknown number
122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19)		122 mm towed gun	20[22]
152 mm howitzer M1943 (D-1)		152 mm field gun	unknown number
122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)		122 mm howitzer	50[22]
122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30)			100[22]
130 mm towed field gun M1954 (M-46)		130 mm towed field gun	unknown number
152 mm howitzer-gun M1937 (ML-20)		152 mm howitzer gun
Mortar
BM-37	Soviet Union	82 mm calibre mortar	unknown number
PM-43		120 mm calibre smoothbore mortar
M-160		160 mm Divisional mortar
Anti-tank gun
SPG-9	Soviet Union	73 mm anti-tank gun	unknown number
85 mm antitank gun D-48		85 mm anti-tank gun
100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3)		100 mm field gun	25[22]
T-12 antitank gun		100 mm anti-tank gun	25[22]

Air Force (1950–1990)

Name	Origin	Type	Versions	In service	Notes
Fighter aircraft
Polikarpov I-15	Soviet Union	Fighter	I-15bis	1+[23]	There may have been two aircraft left.
Polikarpov I-16			I-16Type30	1+[23]	It is possible that there were two aircraft left.The model was chosen as the final model based on strength.
Yak-9			Yak-9P	34[23]	It remained in service until the MiG-15 was deployed.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 Fagot			MiG-15bis	48[23]	It was introduced to replace existing reciprocating fighters, including the trainer type described below.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17 Fresco			MiG-17F	36[23]	It was deployed as the first aircraft equipped with an afterburner.
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 Fishbed			MiG-21PFM/MF	PFM:30/MF:12[22][23]	It was the last fighter jet in service at this time.It was deployed as the first aircraft equipped with air-to-air radar.
Su-27 Flanker	Soviet Union	air superiority fighter	Su-27S	4(to be decided)	He has not been handed over due to various reasons.
Bomber
Polikarpov R-Z	Soviet Union	bomber	RZ	1	Mainly survivors of aircraft used against Japan in World War II.
Yakovlev UT-2	soviet Union	bomber	UT-2MV	3	It is a survival of the aircraft used in the battle against Japan, and it is possible that a light bomber version was introduced to supplement the bomber force.
Attack aircraft
Ilyushin Il-2 Bark	soviet Union	Shturmovik	Il-2M3	71	Received in 1945. It remained in operation until 1954.
Polikarpov Po-2 Mule	Soviet Union	pesticide sprayer	Po-2A	20[23]	It is possible that it was primarily used as an attack aircraft, carrying bombs.Before 1944, it was called U-2A.
Transport aircraft
Boeing 727	United States of America	Narrow-body Type	Boeing 727-200	2
Tupolev Tu-104 Camel	Soviet Union	Transport aircraft	Tu-104	2[22]
Tupolev Tu-154 Careless			Tu-154M	1
Yakovlev Yak-6 Frank			Yak-6M	2
Ilyushin Il-12 Coach			Il-12D	4	It was used to transport troops and weapons.
Ilyushin Il-14 Crate			Il-14T	6	It was used to transport troops and weapons.
Antonov An-2 Colt			An-2	30[23]
Antonov An-12 Cub			An-12	12
Antonov An-14 Clod			An-14A	2
Antonov An-24 Coke			An-24B/RV	B:4 RV:20
Antonov An-26 Curl			An-26	4
Harbin Y-12			China	utility aircraft	Y-12	5[23]
PZL-104 Wilga	Poland	Wilga-2	3[23]
Training aircraft
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15 Fagot	Soviet Union	Trainer aircraft	MiG-15UTI	1[22]
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21 Fishbed			MiG-21US	unknown number[22]
Yakovlev Yak-9 Frank			Yak-9UV	9
Yakovlev Yak-11 Moose			Yak-11	10[22]
Yakovlev Yak-12 Creek			Yak-12M	2
Yakovlev Yak-18 Max			Yak-18	10[22]
Attack Helicopter
Mil Mi-24 Hind	Soviet Union	Attack helicopter	Mi-24D/V	D:1 V:11[22]		Ground support/Anti tank
Transport Helicopter
Mil Mi-1 Hare	Soviet Union	Light helicopter	Mi-1	5[22]	Transport
Mil Mi-2 Hoplite	Mi-2		1[22]
Mil Mi-4 Hound	Mi-4A		5[22]
Mil Mi-8 Hip	Mi-8T/MT		10[22]
Kamov Ka-26 Hoodlum	Light utility	Ka-26	unknown number[22]
SAM
S-75 Dvina	Soviet Union	Strategic SAM system	S-75 Dvina	1[22]	24 missiles[22]
S-200 Angara/Vega/Dubna			S-200	unknown number[24]
9K31 Strela-1		Vehicle-mounted SAM system	9K31 Strela-1
Strela-2		Man portable SAM launcher	Strela-2	1250[22]
Air Defence Artillery
ZPU-4	Soviet Union	Anti-aircraft machine gun	ZPU-4	unknown number
ZU-23-2		Anti-Aircraft Twin Autocannon	ZU-23-2
ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"		Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun	ZSU-23-4
S-60		Autocannon	57 mm S-60
61-K		Air defense gun	37 mm M1939

See also

• 17th Army
• 39th Army
• Tuvan People's Revolutionary Army

References