Mongondow people
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Gorontaloan people, Minahasan people, Sangirese people, Talaud people, Visayans, Maguindanao people, Tagalog people |
The Mongondow or Bolaang Mongondow people are an ethnic group native to the north-eastern part of the
Etymology
The name Bolaang originated from the word Bolango or Balangon which means Sea. Bolaang or Golaang could also means "Bright" or "Exposed and Undark", while Mongondow originated from Momondow which means "Cries of Victory".[3]
History
The beginnings to the 8th and 9th century
The people of Mongondow believed that their ancestors originate from the offspring of Gumalangit and Tendeduata, as well as from Tumotoiboko and Tumotoibokat that were living on Mount Komasan, in today's Bintauna, North Bolaang Mongondow Regency. The descendants of both of their offspring later became the Mongondow people. The population of the Mongondows grew and spread beyond their native region such as Tudu in Lombagin, Buntalo, Pondoli’, Ginolantungan, Tudu in Passi, Tudu in Lolayan, Tudu in Sia’, Tudu in Bumbungon, Mahag, Siniow and so forth. The source of income for the Mongondows in those days include hunting, fishing, processing of sago, and harvesting of tuber in the jungle. In short, they have yet to learn farming in those days.[4]
Development
In the 13th century, the Bogani (leaders of the groups of Mongondow community that occupied a certain area) became united to form a government rule for the Mongondow people called Bolaang. Bolaang itself means "the sea" (balangon) which identifies this kingdom as a maritime kingdom. The results of the meeting (bakid) of the Bogani came to an agreement to appoint Mokodoludut, a Bogani Molantud man as the first king (Punu') of the Bolaang kingdom.
During the era of King Salmon Manoppo (1735–1764), there was a fierce conflict with the Dutch which ended with the King Salmon being captured and exiled to Tanjung Harapan, South Africa.[7] This incident triggered protests and a great riot that was carried out by the Mongondow people of which the Bolaang kingdom belonged to. Finally, the Dutch returned the King of Bolaang and ever since then the name of Bolaang Kingdom has been added with the name of the ethnic group, the native of the Bolaang Kingdom to become Bolaang Mongondow to this present day. In 1901, administratively the area of Bolaang Mongondow Kingdom is part of the Bolaang Mongondow Subdivision ("Onderafdeling" in Dutch) which includes the Administrative Area ("landschap" in Dutch) of Bintauna, Bolaang Uki and Kaudipang Besar from Manado Administrative Division ("Afdeling" in Dutch).[8]
The Bolaang Mongondow Kingdom officially ended on July 1, 1950, when the Majesty of King Tuang Henny Yusuf Cornelius Manoppo abdicated and made a declaration to join the
Sub-ethnics
The Mongondow people are made up of several sub-ethnicity that resides in North Sulawesi and Gorontalo such as:-
- Bolaang Mongondow people
- Bolaang Uki people
- Kaidipang Besar people
- Bintauna people
- Buhang people
- Korompot people
- Mokodompis people
Language
The everyday Mongondow people use the Mongondow language, Bolango language and Bintauna language on a daily basis. Linguistically, these languages belong to the Greater Central Philippine languages branch (alongside Gorontalo). The Mongondow people also use Manado Malay as a form of communication with the other North Sulawesi people.[11]
Geographical redelineation
The region of the Bolaang Mongondow covers 50.3% of the area of North Sulawesi[12] so much so that the Bolaang Mongondow government together with the community leaders, customary leaders and religious leaders had agreed to divide the region with the full support of the Bolaang Mongondow regent, the then Marlina Moha Siahaan.[13]
With the full support of every community as well as the local Bolaang Mongondow government, the committee of the regional division managed to convince the central government and the Parliament that the Bolaang Mongondow region has officially divided into five regencies, namely:
- Bolaang Mongondow Regency
- Kotamobagu (city)
- North Bolaang Mongondow Regency
- East Bolaang Mongondow Regency
- South Bolaang Mongondow Regency
References
- ^ Ethnologue
- ^ Pekabaran Injil di Sulawesi Utara
- ^ Sejarah Bolaang Mongondow
- ^ "Kerajaan Bolaang Mongondow". Tribun Manado (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2021-06-04.
- OCLC 65055261.
- OCLC 4611373.
- OCLC 24114935.
- OCLC 13916518.
- ^ "Bolaang Mongondow". panjiardiansyah. 9 June 2017. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
- ^ "Sejarah Singkat Bolaang Mongondow". Suara Manado. 24 March 2012. Retrieved 2018-08-06.
- ISBN 01-951-3977-1.
- ISBN 9786023780228.
- ^ Rine Araro, ed. (5 May 2011). "Marlina Moha : Saya Akan Fokus Mengatur Keluarga". Tribun Manado. Retrieved 2017-05-20.