Proto-Malay

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Proto-Malay
Malagasy people

The term Proto-Malay, primeval Malays, proto-Hesperonesians, first-wave Hesperonesians or primeval Hesperonesians, which translates to Melayu Asli (aboriginal Malay) or Melayu Purba (ancient Malay) or Melayu Tua (old Malay),

Deutero-Malays about a thousand years later.[6] The Proto-Malays are descendants of the first humans living in Southeast Asia, and are "ancestral" for humans in east Asia and the Americas.[7]

The Proto-Malays are believed to be

seafarers knowledgeable in oceanography and possessing advanced fishing as well as basic agricultural skills. Over the years, they settled in various places and adopted various customs and religions as a result of acculturation and inter-marriage with most of the people they come in contact with Orang Asli tribes such as the Semang and Senoi
peoples.

Origin

The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Early History has pointed out three theories of the origin of the Proto-Malay:[8]

  • The
    Cambodian
    languages are kindred languages because the ancestral home of Cambodians originated at the source of Mekong River.
  • The seafarers theory (first published in 1965).
  • The Taiwan theory (first published in 1997). For more information, see Austronesian peoples and Austronesian languages.

Some historical linguists have concluded that there is scant linguistic basis for a Proto-/Deutero-Malay split.[9] The findings suggests that the Proto-Malay and the Deutero-Malay peoples possibly belong to the same stock and origin. Previous theories suggested that the Deutero-Malays came in a second wave of migration, around 300 BCE, compared to the arrival of the Proto-Malays who came much earlier.[10]

Geographical regions

Indonesia

Ernest-Théodore Hamy (1896) first identified 3 Proto-Malay groups that are found in Sumatra and Borneo, Indonesia:[11][12]

Both

Toraja people are regarded as part of the ancient Proto-Malay, but their neighboring Minahasan people as well who have migrated to the island in the megalithic period.[17] In Sumatra, a little known pygmy tribe called the Mante people of Aceh are regarded as Proto-Malay and have thought to be extinct.[18]

Other ethnic groups that are closely related to the Proto-Malay are such as the

Sakai people from Riau, which were originally pure Proto-Malay until later they were forced into the interior by the Deutero-Malays which led to their mixing with the Negritos.[21] Off the west coast of Bengkulu, Sumatra Island, the indigenous people of Enggano Island known as the Enggano people are considered largely Proto-Malays.[22]

Malaysia

Further information: Orang Asli § Aboriginal Malays
Houses of Proto-Malays near Lubuk Kelubi, Hulu Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia, 1908.

In Malaysia, the Proto-Malay are classified under the native Orang Asli group of people in the Peninsular Malaysia. They are officially known as:[23]

Other ethnic groups outside of the Peninsular Malaysia that are also regarded as Proto-Malay apart from the Orang Asli people group are such as the Rungus people.[25]

The Philippines

Northern Luzon
, 1869.

In the Philippines, there are several people groups that have been identified as part of the Proto-Malay group:[26]

While there are other ethnic groups in the Philippines, that are in some ways related or shares a mixture of Proto-Malay, namely:[26]

See also

References

  1. Ernest-Théodore Hamy, Koentjaraningrat and Alfred Russel Wallace
  2. ISBN 978-98-147-2207-0
    .
  3. ISBN 978-99-716-9861-4
    .
  4. ^ "POPULATION STATISTICS",
  5. ISBN 978-97-933-8133-6
    .
  6. ISBN 0-19-580302-7
  7. ^ "Geneticist clarifies role of Proto-Malays in human origin". Malaysiakini. 24 January 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  8. ISBN 978-981-3018-42-6
    .
  9. ^ "Karl Anderbeck, "Suku Batin - A Proto-Malay People? Evidence from Historical Linguistics", The Sixth International Symposium on Malay/Indonesian Linguistics, 3 - 5 August 2002, [[Bintan Island]], [[Riau]], Indonesia". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2011.
  10. ISBN 978-13-174-6399-3
    .
  11. ^ Ernest Théodore Hamy (1896). Les races Malaiques et Americaines. L'Anthropologie.
  12. ISBN 978-98-147-2207-0
    .
  13. ISBN 978-97-937-8051-1
    .
  14. ISBN 978-98-147-2207-0
    .
  15. ISBN 978-02-302-5133-5
    .
  16. ISBN 09-098-3161-0
    .
  17. ISBN 03-760-6764-0
    .
  18. ^ Ferdian Ananda Majni (28 March 2017). "Mante, Suku Kuno Aceh yang Terlupakan". Media Indonesia. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  19. ISBN 978-98-147-2207-0
    .
  20. ^ Reginald Ruggles Gates (1948). Human ancestry from a genetical point of view. Harvard Univ. Press. p. 354.
  21. ISBN 97-946-1215-4
    .
  22. OCLC 489670953
    .
  23. ISBN 978-14-422-7279-8
    .
  24. ISBN 98-123-0167-4
    .
  25. ^ Bulletin - Institute for Medical Research, Issues 19-20. Institute for Medical Research. 1983. p. 29.
  26. ^ a b Ignacio Villamor & Felipe Buencamino (1921). "Philippines. Census Office". Census of the Philippine Islands Taken Under the Direction of the Philippine Legislature in the Year 1918, Volume 2. Bureau of printing.
  27. ISBN 978-17-436-0537-0
    .
  28. ^
    ISBN 97-117-0712-8
    .
  29. ^
    ISBN 978-97-123-3321-7
    .
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