Monuments of Kosovo
Monuments of Kosovo comprise all the monuments that are located in Kosovo.
Kosovo has an abundance of multicultural and rich
Most of the
Kosovo's monuments are unique common property for which the
Mediaeval monuments
In the sixth century Justinian I, himself of Dardanian origin, reasserted Byzantine control over Dardania after the Hunnish invasions and engaged in an extensive building/rebuilding programme in the region. From 839 to the early thirteenth century the region fell under Bulgarian control, with intermittent periods when the Byzantines were able to reassert their rule. From the early thirteenth century, until 1355, Kosovo was part of the Serbian Empire under the Nemanjić dynasty; and it was in this period that most existing mediaeval Christian buildings were built.[citation needed]
Monasteries
According to the archaeological excavations in 1957, 1963 and 1964, this monastery was constructed on the ruins of 13th-century church, which was also built on the foundations of a 6th- to 11th-century Christian three-naved basilica.[18][19][20][21] The Christian basilica, which was the center of the Dardanian Ulpiana Eparchy in the 13th century, was rebuilt as a new church above the middle nave foundations.[21] It was dedicated to Blessed Lady/Theotokos of Gračanica.[19] This church was also mentioned in Benedict the 11th Pope, in 1303, as a catholic parson church.[21] Only the church remains from the original monastery complex, which was intended as the seat of the bishops of Lipljan.[18]
Churches
Church of Saint George is a small one aisled church with barrel vault which is located at the center of Prizren.[23][30] It was constructed in the 14th to 16th centuries.[23][30] It belongs to the late Byzantine style and has rich wall paintings.[23][30] It has very important historic and artistic values. It is protected by the law.[23][30]
Church of St. Nicholas was constructed at the beginning of the 1340s in Prizren. The building has small dimensions, yet very coordinated proportions and belongs to a local style of building.[23] There are evident transformations of the building among the past few years and it has important historic and artistic values.[23]
155
Mosques
Hadumi Mosque was constructed by Hadum Sylejman Efendi, in the second part of the 16th century.[37] It belongs to classical Ottoman era, but yet it has many traditional features involved in its structure. This mosque has only one dome and its interior contains many floral paintings. It is one of the best examples of the arabesques/baroque style buildings.[37] This mosque offers warmth to the city and it is considered to be the most important mosque in Gjakova.[38] One special thing about this mosque is that the dome stands above the constructive elements trompe, a particular example for Islamic architecture.
Gazi Ali Beg Mosque was built in 1444. During the last war in 1999, its [minaret] was destroyed by a Yugoslav grenade.[25] In 2002 the mosque was restored and the minaret was rebuilt, unfortunately not corresponding to the original one. Besides this, authenticity of the mosque and its surrounding was damaged by removal of the carrel near the entrance and some grave-stones from the yard.[25] It is a protected monument by law with a status number 02-985/66.[15]
Mosque of Çarshia was built in 1761 during the Ottoman invasion. Based on the old pictures, it used to be a quadrilateral building covered with a four-sided roof.[25] The upper floor was reached by the one-sided stairs placed on the left and on the right of the entrance. The gallery used for females. The mosque was burnt down by the Yugoslav military in 1999. It was reconstructed after the war.[25]
Bajrakli Mosque is located in the oldest part of Peja, at the old market area more specifically. It was built during the Ottoman period.[23] The mosque's paintings and decorations are mainly realized by using stone. Bajrakli Mosque has important historic and artistic values.[23]
Llapi Mosque is positioned near the Pristina's city centre. It dates from the 15th century.[23] Its prayer room is six meters high and it also consists of a hall. In 1999 it was destroyed by Yugoslav forces after the war. A unique example in Kosovo architecture and wider.[23]
Kurshumli Mosque is a sacral building constructed in the 16th century in Peja. Its original construction was covered with dome, but during the time it had some changed to the covering.[23] The hajat also is not in original shape. Before being destroyed by fire, the mosque had four watery roof. Nowadays it has only its remains. Very important graves and traces are found in its yard.[23]
Red Mosque is a sacral building constructed in the 17th century in Kapeshnica of Peja.[23] It consists of a praying space, portico and minaret. The mosque is special because Mihrab appears from the wall, but of course very modest in feature. It has historic and artistic values.[23]
Hamams
Grand Hamam dates in the 15th century. It used to be a part of Fatih's Mosque and was used as a
Hamam of Mehmet Pasha is one of the most distinguished from other baths of time due to the clock tower. It was built on a stone structure in 1498.[39] It is inoperative so it turned into an Archaeological Museum of Prizren. Circa 1972-75 hamam was restored and then returned to the museum. With its transformation into a museum, opened the wall which divided the males and females.[39]
The old city Hamam was built by the Turkish donator Gazi Ali Bey, who also built the hamam in Vushtrri, at 17th century.[39] Hamam is located in the core of the old city center of Mitrovica, among other important monuments as the Old Mosque, Madrasah, Old Bazar, Han and the Clock Tower.[6] It was used for its original function as a public bath for men only till 1953. It is protected monument by law since 1958 with the status number 685/57.[15] Since 1959, hamam has been used as the “Archeological and Ethnographic Museum” of Mitrovica where local clothes, metallic vessels and other tools are exhibited.[25] The hamam is composed by the interconnected three characteristic sections of the hot, warm and cold water.[39] The cold section has a rectangular shape in the middle of which is placed a hexagonal marble fountain, while is paved with white marble square slabs.[25][39] After the entrance hall is the warm section, used for undressing and preparing for the cleansing ritual in the hot section. This space contains 4 bathing cubicles (halvet) and 4 side alcoves. Walls of the hot section are built by stone and are 85 cm thick. Its nine domes (eight small and the big central one) are covered with tiles and lead iron sheets.[39]
Hammam of Gazi Ali Bey is a protected monument with its status number 02-628/68. Nowadays, the hamam has been neglected and therefore damaged.
Hammam of Haxhi Beu was built over the years 1462 - 1485 as part of a complex of Hasan Bey, who was the leader of the Sanjak of İpek.[23] Its original function stands still. It was originally built in the style of alternating stone and brick as hammam of men, but later it was decided to be added to section on women.[39] Nowadays it is used as workshops of carpenters. It is a very important millenarian building for Kosova and wider.[23]
Mausoleums
The
Gazi Mehmet Pasha's Mausoleum is founded in Prizren. It is in Bajrakli mosque's front yard.[40]
Haxhi Baba's Masouleum is a mausoleum that dates from the 17th century.[40] It is located next to the city's tekke and Sejdi Bej's mosque, next to the city's fountain. The name of the mausoleum comes because Haxhi Baba was buried in that place.[40]
Sheh Besim's Masouleum is located in Lukinaj, Prizren. It was founded by Sheh Beqa in order to save the cemeteries of important personalities of the time.[40] The mausoleum's holiday is 04-5 May. On those days, many people gather for tradition and religious reasons.[40]
Tekkes
Tekke of Sheh Emini is located next to the Gjakova city museum. This Tekke belongs to the sect of Dervish Rafai.[41] During psychological trance moments, they perform a body piercing ritual, focusing on their faces. This ritual is painless and no bleeding occurs. This sect celebrates its own holiday on 21 March, which is open to everyone.[41] The tekke stands out as very important for the architectural values as it presents rare samples of sacral architecture, useful for the analyse of this type of monuments.[41]
Vernacular architecture
Traditional houses are exclusively built by Albanians for Albanians, by the local workmen according to traditional techniques. These houses resemble characteristics of the Albanians, their way of life, the function of the family and their hospitality.[1][42] Inspired by the Ottomans, local ‘citizen’ dwellings were adapted to the local needs and elaborated into traditional styles, thus finally achieving their uniqueness in the whole Balkans.
Among the residential houses, the most distinctive were Kullas.[3][42] The word Kulla from Albanian, Kule from Turkish, and kуле from Serbian, in English means Tower. They were built in the whole territory of Kosovo, but the most distinct ones were built in villages and towns of Dukagjini/Metohija region.[42] These fortified stone houses were built by at the end of 17th and continued to the 18th, 19th and even in the early 20th century. Kullas purpose was for protection, considering the constant fighting.[1] Therefore, they were placed in strategic position within the yard, thus offering a full sight of the surrounding environment.[2][23] Kullas are special because of their form, construction, yard entrance, stone gallery, shoot holes, men room, window openings and ceiling.[23] They were constructed from prehistoric antiquity that is characterized with special architectural structure not only in the Balkan cultural area, but also in Europe.[3]
Public buildings
Castles and forts
Prizren Fortress is located in the ancient town of Prizren. It is a castle which dates in the ancient times and continuously was used during the Illyrian era, Roman, Byzantine, Serbian Empire and Ottoman Empire.[23][40] Prizren Castle is an important part of the ancient history of the city.[23][40] The fortress was expanded by Emperor Stefan Dušan, who used Prizren as capital of the Serbian Empire. Its topographic position, dominating the city, the natural landscape and well thought architectural configuration are the main reasons that this castle is considered to be one of the most important, interesting and visited historical monuments in Kosovo.[23][40] Today this fortress keeps all the embrasures and many other buildings inside.[23][40]
Nenkalaja of Prizren is located on a hilly area by the city's river.[43] It is constructed in a unique urban structure, narrow winding lands has a perfect glance of the town.[43] It represents two different features of the town: one of strongest pains and one of the richest potentials.[43]
Novo Brdo Fortress is a medieval Serbian fortress. Its ruins are located near the town of Novo Brdo, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Pristina. The fortress was built in the early 14th century by Stefan Milutin, King of Serbia to protect gold, silver, iron and lead mines which were abundant throughout the area. For its fortress and production of silver and gold, Novo Brdo has been referred to as the "Mother of all Serbian cities",[48] a "mountain of gold and silver",[49][50] and the "strongest fortification of Serbia".[51]
Old bazaars
Grand Bazaar of Çarshia (Gjakova) was the source of social, cultural, economic development.[25] It helped the development of all types of craftsmanship.[25] Since 1955, it represents one of the largest urban monumental ensembles not only in Kosovo, but also abroad.[25] This center was burnt therefore extremely damaged by the Yugoslav forces during the 1999 war, but it got later reconstructed.[25] Nowadays it has many stores where you can buy different types of ancient handicrafts, such as souvenirs, traditional clothes and even contemporary items.[53]
Bridges
Old Stone Bridge of Prizren was constructed in the beginning of 16th century above the
The Saint Bridge is 19 km away from the Gjakova city center. It is constructed over Drini River which has a canyon.[37] The most interesting fact about this bridge is its bizarre story. According to a legend, there were three brothers asked to build the bridge, but during the night felt apart everything that brothers constructed during the day. It was later decided that in order to build the bridge, one of their wives should be sacrificed. The woman that accepted to be sacrificed asked to make available for her baby that was still being breastfed.[55] Special about this bridge are the competitions that are held every year on March–April in swimming, diving and jumping.[37]
Stone Bridge is the oldest bridge in Kosovo. It is located in the north-west side of Vushtrri along the Pristina-Mitrovica route.[25] This route used to be an old track that connected Skopje and Raguza, thus connecting Kosovo to the Adriatic Sea. While being directly connected to the city center of Vushtrri, it played an important role of the city development during the 14th and 15th century.[25] It was built over the Sitnica River, but since the 20th century it has remained on the dry ground because of river flow change.[6] Since then it was used as an informal meeting point of the citizens, while today it is isolated and claimed as a specially protected area by the Ahtisari plan and has a status number 859/49.[15] The Bridge is unique of its alternative red and white voussoirs. Its exact date of built is not known. Mr. Izet Miftari claims that the bridge was built during the Roman period or antiquity in the 2nd century. While according to professor Hilmi Saraçi, it was built during the economic growth of the Dardanian state of Illyria in the 5th century (article “Ancientness, designation, cultural, historical and archaeological heritage of the city of Vushtrri”).[25] Serbian historians claim that the bridge was built at the end of the 14th century. The 135-metre-long (443 ft) and 10.5-metre-wide (34 ft) bridge is asymmetrical and is composed of nine arches. The five pointed middle arches were built during the early medieval, Byzantine era, while the four semi-circular others during the Ottoman period.[6]
Fountains
Pristina's fountain is the sole public fountain in Pristina which is protected by the state.[34] It is located between the “Bazaar’s mosque” (Xhamia e Çarshisë) and Kosovo's Museum.[34] Years ago there used to be many fountains in the city, but this one is the only public fountain that was able to survive during the years. [34]
Prizren's fountain is Prizren's pride, it is the most important location for city trip all season, every day and every night.[40] It always had an important role as the essential market of all important actions.[40] In these days with his Fountain-heas serves all the people and guests to the site itself where they can stay, drink the cold water of the Fountain, talk with their friends and order the delicious coffee in restaurants in that area too.[40]
Clock towers
Sahat Kulla (The clock tower) is the city's clock, built in the 19th century by Jashar Pashe Gjinolli.[56] It is 26 meters high and in hexagon's shape.[56] The original object was damaged by the fire, but was reconstructed later. It's protected by the state since 1867.[56] In 2001 its original bell, which was brought from Moldavia, was stolen.[56] KFOR changed its old mechanism with a new electric one.[56] Considering Kosovo's problems with electricity supply, the clock tower barely tells the right time.[56]
Residential buildings
Urban traditional houses
Emin Gjiku is a traditional, preserved house which is protected by the state.[57] Nowadays, it serves as an Ethnological Museum, but back in the 18th century it used to be just an ordinary house that belonged to Emin Gjinolli. “Emincik” (“Emin Küçük” meaning “little man” in Turkish) is referred to the owner's nickname, which is also the name of the museum.[57] The museum includes ancient weapons, tools, traditional clothing, handicrafts and other elements which are all aged during the Ottoman Empire. Despite that, the museum also sells traditional gifts including white eggshell plies hats.[57]
Complex of Albanian Prizren League is the complex honors Albanian Prizren League held in June 1878.[58] League of Prizren was not just a meeting of prominent political leaders, military and culture or just an idealistic meeting.[58] It represented the will of the all Albanian nation. In 1999 the front part of the building was burnt down.[58] It has been reconstructed and transformed into a museum. It is the most important monument of Prizren and it is visited by many tourists, especially during the events that are held in Prizren on holidays every year.[58]
The Köroĝlu House is a traditional house of the 19th century built by the Köroĝlu family.[25] The house is located in the “Kaçamak Mahalla”, in the old city center of Mitrovica.[25] It is a typical Ottoman house built 200 years ago, therefore it is protected under the status number 02-354/78.[25] Even though a property of Ergin Köroĝlu, former Deputy Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports, the house is not being used anymore.[25]
The House of Blagoje Đorđević is located in the North Mitrovica, since 1980 used to be a shelter for the national liberation activists in 1941.[25] There was established the Council of the Regional National Liberation Fund headed by Blagoje Ðorđević.[25] This institute collected financial and material means for the National Liberation Movement of Yugoslavia. After the Second World War it became a museum.[25]
Citizen Urban Houses Bajmak are two houses located in the Marash Complex, on the left stream of
House of the Kirajtani Family is the house of Shemsedin Kirajtani, a protected building by the Institute for Protection of Monuments in Prizren.[25] It is located in the city center, accurately in Sub-Zone 1 of the Protected Historic Zone of Prizren.[25] It was built in the 19th century, while in 1970 a new annex on the north-west side was added.[25] In the house's lovely yard is also found the stable.[25] This civic building with local attributes lays in a basement, ground floor and an unfinished first floor.[25] Its foundations are made of stone and mortar, while the walls of clay with mud joints.[25] Roof has a wooden construction and is covered by concave clay tiles.[25] The interior elements as the windows, ceilings, stairs, and cupboards are also made of wood.[25] Ceilings of the house are highly decorated.[25] Its front façade is symmetrical with traditional features.[25] Rooms on the first floor look like a large dormer in the roof, which makes the house unique.[25]
House of Qyse Family is located in the eastern part of the city center, in the Protected Zone 1 of Prizren.
House of Musa Shehzade was built at the end of 18th and beginning of the 19th century in Prizren.[42] It was used as a residential house till 1980.[42] It has not been in use till 2012 when it was restored and turned into Ethnological Museum.[42] It is a monument under permanent protection.[42] This building is an example of houses with central garret (čardak).[42] Its asymmetry is due to the narrow location.[42] The house lies in two floors. Its ground floor is composed of the main entering hall, living room with small bath (hamamxhik), one room, porch (hajat) with carrel (qyshk), and the toilet. Wooden L-shaped stairs lead to the first floor which is made of the hall, the main living room with hamamxhik, two rooms, garret (cardak), storage and toilet.[42] House used to have wooden roof till 1999 when the owner changed it. Since then it has been causing damages to the whole structure of the house.[40] Its interior is rich on ethnographic elements, mostly noted in the fireplaces (stacks). Ceilings and closets and cupboards and doors are also well graved on the wood.[42] The main living room is the most important are in the house therefore has the most sophisticated decorations.[42]
The Pantić House is located in the center of Velika Hoča village of the Rahovec municipality.[25][59] This 150 years old house was restored and adapted into Bed & Breakfast accommodation, which offers comfortable and cozy atmosphere.[25][59] It is composed of a dining room, kitchen, bathroom and storage on the ground floor, and three comfortably furnished rooms, a bathroom and a gallery on the first floor.[25][59] The garden has many flowers.[25][59] Besides this, the house offers views of the surrounding landscape.[25][59]
The Spasić House is the most characteristic traditional house in the Velika Hoča village.[25] It was built during the first half of the 19th century by a family ancestor, who was a pilgrim to Jerusalem.[25] What makes this building unique are its pronounced facades, its cantilevered elements on the upper floor, the large gates with separated entrances for pedestrians and vehicles, old-fashioned locks and hinges, and the decorative stone slate canopies.[25] It is also a Bed and Breakfast house that offers two double bedrooms, a bathroom and a ‘Jerusalem Chamber’ in the first floor.[25] The ‘Jerusalem Chamber’ is the most representative part of the house, which has a family iconostasis and relicts brought by the pilgrimage.[25] On the ground floor are found the living room, kitchen, bedroom and a bathroom.[25]
Belediya building was built by the end of the 18th century as the municipality for Ottoman authorities in
Rural fortified houses - Kullas
Tower of Junik was built in the 18th century and is located in Junik.[2] It is known for large architectural value and historical importance.[2]
Tower of Dullshaban is also known as the monumental towers of Loshajve, was built in the 18th century, in Carrabreg village of lower Deçan.[2] It was burned by Yzugoslav forces and in the absence of institutional and private care, it was leveled with the ground. Although it is burnt, this tower's architectural features walls look monumental to the same, and it has been preserved and maintained as such.[2]
Tower of Haxhi Zeka was built by Albanian ethnicity craftsmen and is the most developed example of this type of tower in cities of Kosovo of the 19th century.[42] It was used for the meetings of Albanian patriots led by Haxhi Zeka, who was an eminent Albanian fighting for independence of Albania and all Albanian territories.[42] Due to its historical and architectural values, this building became a protected monument.[42] It was built near the Haxhi Zeka square in Peja and has a direct access by the street.[42] Adjacent to tower is the family house, which was built during the 18th and 19th century.[42] It has a prismatic volume, upraised in a nearly square base and its massive construction is made of stones.[42] The tower has the ground floor and two other floors, where on the top floor is noted the stylish ‘dyshekllëk’.[42] The balanced front façade made by hewn stones together with the entering arched gate and ‘dyshekllëk’ make the tower quite civilized and sophisticated.[42] It is also known for its fine-treated windows and embrasures.[60] Symbols of the lion and Star of David can be seen on the walls.[61] Its decorative parts in the interior are the ceilings and metallic handles of the doors and windows.[61] Even though it had several interventions, it still has its main attributes and originality.[61]
The Kostić tower is also located in the center of
Tower of Mazrekaj Family was built in the 19th century in the historical core of the Dranoc village.[1] It has a square plan with approximately 10x10 meters dimensions.[1] Its walls and foundations are made of stones jointed by lime mortar, while the floor construction is made of timber.[1] The dividing walls and the interior elements as floor, doors, window frames, stairs, and fences are also made of wood.[1] The ground floor was used as a stable for cattle.[1] The first floor, accessed by the outside stairs was used as private quarters of the family. The second floor was used as a gathering room only for men, also called ODA.[1] In 2004 tower got restored.[1] Since 2005, it was used for social and cultural activities for three years in row. After that it was turned into a modest Bed and Breakfast.[1] Nowadays the ground floor is used as a conference hall and gallery, and the first floor offers modern equipped bedrooms, a kitchen and a bathroom.[1] It is reached directly by the ground floor.[1] The top floor, or Oda, is used for meetings or as a sleeping room for guests.[1] Its interior has remained entirely original.[1] tower has historical, functional, social, authenticity, economical and landscape values.[1]
Koshi's tower was constructed in the 19th century, near the city's bazaar in Gjakova.[25] It is under protection by law on cultural heritage since 1980.[25] It is a three floors house made of stones.[25] People used to call it “Batusha’s Tower” because it belonged to Batusha's family many of whose members were active in wars during the Albanian renaissance.[25] It is one of the rarest examples of a pure stone tower preserved in the city.[25]
Old Complex of Towers is a complex is positioned in Deçan.[23] It is constructed in 18th-19th century. Presents the integrity, rural agglomeration.[23] The complex consist of many quarters.[23] It has architectural and artistic values.[23]
Tower of Zymer Mushkolaj is positioned in Deçan and it dates from the 18th century.[23] It has three floors with wooden gallery.[23] It was seriously damaged and nowadays it has only the remains of the walls.[23]
Tower of Osdautaj is located in the Isniq village.[23] It has been the property of Dautaj's family throughout its existence.[23] It is made of stones and represents a monument of Albanian architecture.[23]
Tower Shehu is a three floor building constructed in the end of the 18th century.[23] It is based on the compositional layout consist of wooden and stone gallery.[23] Nowadays it has only its remains.[23]
Tower Sylaj is a stone tower, constructed in the end of the 19th century.[23] It has three floors, where each floor has a particular function.[23] The first floor was used as stable, the second one was used for living whereas the third floor was the men room/Oda e burrave.[23] Nowadays it has only the remains of its constructive walls.[23]
Tower Habib Avdyli[23] was constructed in the end of the 19th century.[23] It had only two floors but nowadays it has only the remains of the walls.[23]
Modernism Period
Hotels
Hotel Union is a hotel located in Pristina, constructed in 1927 by an Austrian architect.[62] It has been under protection since 1996.[62]
Museums
Kosovo's Museum was constructed in 1949 in an Austro-Hungarian architecture construction style, which dates from 1898.[63] It consists of a collection of more than 50.000 different profiles such as archeology, technology, history, nature, folklore, heritage etc., which date about 6000 years BC.[63] A numerous exhibitions were organized, such as “Nena dashuri e madherishem”, exhibitions for the missing persons, “Amerika for Kosovo”, the one for NATO’s interventions during the Kosovo's war and many others.[64]
Libraries
Hivzi Sylejmani Library was founded by the Municipal Assembly in 1963 in Pristina.[65] At the beginning it had approximately 1,300 books in Albanian and Serbian as well as many brochures, leaflets and local newspapers, which mainly were about the wartime.[65] Its original name changed during the years. During Kosovo’s war in 1999, the library was deeply damaged, but after that it opened many other branches all over Kosovo.[65]
Other important buildings
The
See also
- Islamic monuments in Kosovo
- Timeline of Kosovo history
- Tower houses in the Balkans
- Destruction of Albanian heritage in Kosovo
- Destroyed Serbian heritage in Kosovo
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Limani, Jeta (2007). tower of Mazrekaj family in Dranoc - A Management Plan For A Sustainable Cultural Tourism Development (PDF). Kosovo. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)[permanent dead link] - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Doli, Flamur (2009). Arkitektura Vernakulare e Kosovës (in Slovak). Prishtine: Association for the preservation of architectonic heritage.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Drançolli, Fejaz (2004). Destruction of Albanian tower (in Slovak). Prishtinë: Biblioteka Kombëtare dhe Universitare e Kosovës.
- ^ Ismajli, Rexhep (2011). Kosova Vështrim Monografik (in Slovak). Prishtinë: Akademia e Shkencave dhe Arteve të Kosovës.
- ^ a b United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2004). Cultural Heritage in South-East Europe: KOSOVO (PDF). Kosovo: UNESCO. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j IRPP & SAAH (2009). Prioritized intervention list. Kosovo: Regional Programme for Cultural and Natural Heritage in South-Eastern Europe.
- ^ OSCE (2015). "Gračanica / Graçanicë". Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. "Kosovo". Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- ISBN 9781850653929.
- ^ University club for UNESCO Serbia. "Srednjovekovni spomenici na Kosovu i Metohiji". Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- ISBN 9788607003594.
- ISBN 9780813207544.
gracanica 1321.
- ISBN 9780199252466.
- ^ Monuments of Culture in Serbia: МАНАСТИР ГРАЧАНИЦА (SANU) (in Serbian and English)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i MKRS. "LISTA E TRASHËGIMISË KULTURORE PËR MBROJTJE TË PËRKOHSHME" (PDF) (in Slovak). Kosovo: Republika e Kosovës. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ UNESCO (2006). "World Heritage Committee puts Medieval Monuments in Kosovo on Danger List and extends site in Andorra, ending this year's inscriptions". Retrieved 1 October 2015.
- ^ a b UNESCO (2006). "List of World Heritage in Danger". Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ a b Nomination dossier compiled by the republic institute for the protection of the cultural monuments (2002). Decani monastery: Nomination of the cultural monument for inclusion on the world heritage list (PDF). Belgrade. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b "KM".
- ^ Drancolli, Jahja (2000). Feja ne Kosove gjate mesjetes (Dardania Sacra 2) (in Slovak). Prishtine. p. 110.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c Drançolli, Jahja (2011). "Monumentet e Kultit Katolik Gjatë Mesjetës në Kosovë". Revista Drini.
- ^ Monuments of Culture in Serbia: МАНАСТИР СВЕТИХ АРХАНЂЕЛА (SANU) (in Serbian and English)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg Drançolli, Fejaz; Vjollca Aliu (2005). Monuments in Kosovo. Kosovo: Institute for Protection of Monuments of Kosovo.
- ^ a b c d "In your pocket" (in Slovak). Prishtine: In your pocket Ltd. 1995–2012. Archived from the original on 29 April 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg CHWB, MESP & ISP (2011). Integrated Conservation: Challenges, opportunities and integration experiences of cultural and natural heritage into spatial and urban planning in Kosovo. Pristina: CHwB Kosovo Office.
- ISBN 9781841623313.
- ^ Monuments of Culture in Serbia: МАНАСТИР БАЊСКА (SANU) (in Serbian and English)
- ^ Monuments of Culture in Serbia: МАНАСТИР ПЕЋКА ПАТРИЈАРШИЈА (SANU) (in Serbian and English)
- ^ ISBN 9783805334921. Retrieved 26 November 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Reconstruction Implementation Commission for Serbian Orthodox Religious Sites in Kosovo". Retrieved 23 February 2013.
- ^ Edward Tawil (February 2009). "Property Rights in Kosovo: A Haunting Legacy of a Society in Transition" (PDF). New York: International Center for Transitional Justice. p. 14.
- ^ "Kosovo: Protection and Conservation of a Multi-Ethnic Heritage in Danger" (PDF). UNESCO. April 2004.
- ISBN 9781472426017.
- ^ a b c d e f IKS ESI (2006). Nje e ardhme per te kaluaren e Prishtines (PDF). Prishtine. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c "Pristina in your pocket". Prishtine. 2011. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ a b "Prizren in your pocket". ltd. 2011. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Kosovo Guide".
- ^ "Islam Gjakova".
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k İBRAHİMGİL, Mehmet; KONUK Neval (2006). Kosova'da Osmanlı Mimari Eserleri (Cilt: I – II). Ankara: Türk tarih kurumu.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Prizren 360". Komuna e Prizrenit, Republika e Kosoves. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ a b c "Kosova-travel". Archived from the original on 14 July 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Riza, Emin; Nijazi Haliti (2006). Banesa qytetare Kosovare e shek. XVIII-XIX (in Slovak). Prishtine: Akademia e shkencave dhe e arteve e Kosovës.
- ^ a b c "NËNKALAJA / PODKALAJA" (PDF). Cultural Heritage without Borders, Sweden. Retrieved 24 February 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Aleksandar Deroko, Medieval towns in Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia, Belgrade 1950.
- ^ a b c Fejza, E.; Gjocaj; Miftari (2003). Vushtrria - Viciana me Rrethine (in Slovak). Vushtrri: Kuvendi Komunal.
- ^ Cultural Heritage of Kosovo and Metohija. Belgrade: IPCMRS. 2002.
- ^ a b c d e f ZDRAVKOVIĆ, I. (1975). Srednjovekovni gradovi i dvorci na Kosovu. Beograd: Turisticka stampa.
- ^ Kostić, Kosta (1922). Naši novi gradovi na jugu – Novo Brdo (in Serbian). Beograd: Srpska književna zadruga.
- ^ Радојчић (1962). p. 6"Nowobordo Gora Srebrna i Złota" and "Nowebordo, gdzie jest gora srebrna i złota"
{{cite book}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help)CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Critobulus, De rebus gestis Mechemetis II. inde ab anno 1451 usque ad annum 1467
- emperor Muhammad took the strongest Serbian city called Novo Brdo, where are mines of gold and silver, that brought their master despot Đurađincome of 120,000 ducats per year."
- ^ Zvečan Fortress
- ^ "Gjakova". Kosovo Tourism Center. Archived from the original on 14 December 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ a b "Ura e terzive". Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ "Gjakova in your pocket". Archived from the original on 30 March 2015. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f "Sahat-tower lihet pas dore tash e një vit". Koha Ditore. 2011.
- ^ a b c "Emin Gjiku, Prishtinë (Priština), Kosovo". National Geographic Society. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d "Lidhja shqiptare e Prizrenit, - moment krucial në historinë heroike të popullit tonë". Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ a b c d e "Eco Tourism:Pantič House". KTC. 2012. Archived from the original on 14 December 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ Komuna e Pejes. "Çfarë të vizitohet" (in Slovak). Republika e Kosoves. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ a b c Kosovo Guide. "tower e Haxhi Zekes". Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ a b Mullaademi, Leart (2009). "Union Hotel in Pristina on fire". Retrieved 24 February 2013.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "Muzeu i Kosoves". Akademia Evolucion. Archived from the original on 16 March 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ "Muzeu i Kosovës, me shumë projekte në vitin e ardhshëm". Kosova Press. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ a b c "Biblioteka Hivzi Sylejmani". Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ a b "NEWBORN Monument (Pristina)". Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- ^ "Newborn Monument". In Your Pocket Ltd. Archived from the original on 9 July 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2013.