Palaeontinidae
| Palaeontinidae Temporal range: Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous
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| Synapocossus sciacchitanoae | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Infraorder: | Cicadomorpha |
| Superfamily: | †Palaeontinoidea |
| Family: | †Palaeontinidae Handlirsch, 1906 |
| Type genus | |
| †Palaeontina Butler, 1873
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| Genera | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
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†CicadomorphidaeEvans, 1956 | |
Palaeontinidae, commonly known as giant cicadas, is an
Discovery
The first palaeontinid discovered was
Description and paleobiology
Palaeontinids had large bodies covered with bristles (
Some authors have proposed that the
Most species of palaeontinids exhibit
Palaeontinids, like modern cicadas, possess four membranous wings supported by veins. The length and width ratio of the wings can vary within the same species, sometimes as a result of fossil preservation.[7] Early Jurassic palaeontinids, like Suljuktocossus, exhibit the most primitive wing forms in the family.[10] The forewing was elliptical with the "nodal line" (the area where the wing bends during flight, also known as the "transverse flexion line") more or less dissecting through the center of the wing. The hindwing was short and broad. The bases of the forewings overlapped that of the hindwings like in modern butterflies. Taken together with their large bodies, these characteristics indicate that they were fast but moderately versatile fliers.[11]
In contrast, later palaeontinids like the Upper Jurassic
The trend of forewing elongation is most evident in members of the family Mesogereonidae, an early offshoot and close relatives of palaeontinids.[12]
Classification
The family was first erected by the
The
Palaeontinidae are currently classified under the extinct superfamily
The name Cicadomorphidae was once proposed as a replacement for the name Palaeontinidae in 1956 by the Australian entomologist J.W. Evans. This was because of Handlirsch's earlier insistence that the type species Palaeontina oolitica may not have been Hemipteran. However, Evans later conceded that retaining the name Palaeontinidae was preferable as the drawings Handlirsch based his conclusions on were from badly preserved specimens.[15]
Evolution
Riek (1976) originally considered Palaeontinoidea to be the descendants of the family Cicadoprosbolidae (currently known as the family Tettigarctidae), insects believed to be transitional between the ancestral cicada-like family Prosbolidae and the modern family Cicadidae.[10]
Wang et al (2009), however, notes that palaeontinoids more closely resemble prosbolids in agreement with earlier studies by Wootton (1971), Shcherbakov (1984), and Shcherbakov and Popov (2002). They conclude that palaeontinoids descended directly from the family Prosbolidae rather than from tettigarctids.[10] Modern cicadas therefore, did not descend directly from Palaeontinidae.
Within Palaeontinoidea, the family Dunstaniidae (
Distribution and geologic time range
The oldest known member of the group is
Palaeontinid fossils are abundant in
Genera
The following is the list of genera classified under Palaeontinidae:[19]
- †Daohugou Beds, Middle Jurassic, East Asia
- †Solnhofen FormationLate Jurassic, Central Europe
- †Asiocossus Becker-Migdisova, 1962 - Dzhil Formation, Early Jurassic, Central Asia
- †Baeocossus Menon et al. 2005 - Crato Formation Early Cretaceous, Eastern South America
- †Cicadomorpha Martynov, 1926 - Karabastau Formation, Late Jurassic, Central Asia; Glushkovo Formation, Ukurei Formation, Late Jurassic North Asia
- †Colossocossus Menon et al. 2005 - Crato Formation, Early Cretaceous, Eastern South America
- †Cratocossus Martins-Neto, 1998 - Crato Formation, Early Cretaceous, Eastern South America
- †Daohugoucossus Wang et al. 2006b - Daohugou, Middle Jurassic, East Asia
- †Eocicada Oppenheim, 1888 - Solnhofen Formation, Late Jurassic, Central Europe
- †Eoiocossus Wang et al. 2006c in Wang et al. 2006c - (includes Papilioncossus Wang et al. 2007c) Daohugou Middle Jurassic, East Asia
- †Jiulongshan Formation, Daohugou Middle Jurassic, East Asia
- †Hallakkungis Nam, Wang, & Szwedo, 2017 - Amisan Formation Upper Triassic, South Korea[16]
- †Hamicossus Wang & Ren 2007ab - Daohugou Middle Jurassic, East Asia
- †Ilerdocossus Gomez-Pallerola, 1984 - (includes Wonnacottella Whalley & Jarzembowski, 1985 and Liaocossus Ren et al., 1998) La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation, Weald Clay, Yixian Formation Early Cretaceous, Western Europe & East Asia
- †Limacodites Handlirsch, 1906–1908 - Solnhofen Formation, Late Jurassic, Central Europe
- †Martynovocossus Wang & Zhang 2008 in Wang et al. 2008 - (= Pseudocossus Martynov, 1931) Badaowan Formation, Daohugou, Kushmurun Formation, Cheremkhovskaya Formation, Early to Middle Jurassic, North Asia; Late Jurassic, Central Asia
- †Miracossus Ren et al. 1998 - Yixian Formation, Early Cretaceous, East Asia
- †Montsecocossus Gomez-Pallerola, 1984 - La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation Early Cretaceous, Western Europe
- †Neimenggucossus Wang & Zhang, 2007 in Wang et al. 2007a - Daohugou, Middle Jurassic, East Asia
- †Ningchengia Wang, Zhang & Szwedo, 2009 - (= Fletcheriana Evans, 1956 in partim) Daohugou Middle Jurassic, East Asia
- †Pachypsyche Handlirsch 1906 - La Pedrera de Rúbies Formation Early Cretaceous, Western Europe
- †Palaeocossus Oppenheim, 1885 - Sagul Formation, Cheremkhovskaya Formation Early Jurassic, Central and North Asia
- †Palaeontina Butler, 1873 - Taynton Limestone Formation Middle Jurassic, Western Europe
- †Palaeontinodes Martynov, 1937 - (= Ijacossus Becker-Migdisova, 1950; Shcherbakov 1985) Sulyukta Formation, Sagul Formation, Haifanggou Formation, Cheremkhovskaya Formation, Early to Middle Jurassic, Central and North Asia; Middle Jurassic, Central Asia
- †Parawonnacottella Ueda, 1997 - Crato Formation, Early Cretaceous, Eastern South America
- †Phragmatoecicossus Becker-Migdisova, 1949 - Sagul Formation, Early to Middle Jurassic, Central Asia
- †Phragmatoecites Oppenheim, 1885 - Cheremkhovskaya Formation, Early to Middle Jurassic, North Asia
- †Plachutella Becker-Migdisova, 1949 - Badaowan Formation, Jiulongshan Formation, Daohugou, Karabastau Formation, Sagul Formation, Cheremkhovskaya Formation, Early to Late Jurassic, Central and Eastern Asia
- †Prolystra Oppenheim, 1888 syn Beloptesis - Solnhofen Formation, Late Jurassic, Central Europe
- †Protopsyche Handlirsch, 1906–1908 - Solnhofen Formation, Late Jurassic, Central Europe
- †Shurabocossus Becker-Migdisova, 1949 - Sagul Formation, Early to Middle Jurassic, Central Asia
- †Sinopalaeocossus Hong, 1983- (= Quadraticossus Wang & Ren, 2007a) Daohugou, Haifanggou Formation, Middle Jurassic, East Asia
- †Suljuktaja Becker-Migdisova, 1949 - Sulyukta Formation, Early to Middle Jurassic, Central Asia
- †Suljuktocossus Becker-Migdisova, 1949 - (= Fletcheriana Evans, 1956 in partim) Sulyukta Formation, Early Jurassic, Central Asia; Daohugou Middle Jurassic, North Asia
- †Synapocossus Wang et al. 2013 Daohugou Middle Jurassic, East Asia
- †Talbragarocossus Chen et al. 2019 Talbragar Fossil Fish Bed, Australia, Late Jurassic
- †Turgaiella Becker-Migdisova & Wootton, 1965 - Kushmurun Formation, Jurassic, Central Asia
- †Valdicossus Wang, Zhang & Jarzembowski 2008 - Weald Clay, Early Cretaceous, Western Europe
- †Yanocossus Ren, 1995 - Yixian Formation, Early Cretaceous, East Asia
- †Cyllonium Westwood, 1854 - Early Cretaceous, Western Europe (too poorly preserved)[4][20]
- †Palaeontinopsis Martynov, 1937 - Early Jurassic, Central Asia (nomen dubium)
- †Palaeontinopsis sinensis - Hong, 1986; Zhang, 1997 Middle Jurassic, East Asia
- †Fletcheriana jurassica - Zhang, 1997
- †Fletcheriana magna - Riek, 1976
See also
Palaeontology portal
Insects portal
- Prehistoric Lepidoptera
- Prehistoric insects
References
- ^ "Family Palaeontinidae". The EDNA Fossil Insect Database. Retrieved July 16, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e R.J. Tillyard (1919). "The Panorpoid Complex 3" (PDF). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (44): 533–718.
- ^ Arthur Gardiner Butler (1869–1874). Lepidoptera Exotica; or, Descriptions and Illustrations of Exotic Lepidoptera. E. W. Jansen. pp. 126–127.
- ^ ISSN 1175-5326. Retrieved July 13, 2011.
- ISSN 1175-5334. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
- ^ ISSN 0341-0153. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
- ^ doi:10.1002/gj.1092. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
- ^ ISSN 0195-6671. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
- ^ D. E. Shcherbakov (2000). "Permian Faunas of Homoptera (Hemiptera) in Relation to Phytogeography and the Permo-Triassic Crisis" (PDF). Paleontological Journal. 34 (Suppl. 3): S251–S267. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
- ^ .
- ^ ISSN 1734-915X. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
- ^ R. Wootton (1971). "The Evolution of Cicadoidea (Homoptera)" (PDF). Proceedings: XIII International Congress of Entomology, Moscow (1): 318–319. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
- ^ . Retrieved July 15, 2011.
- ^ a b "Palaeontinidae". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
- ISSN 0066-4170. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
- ^ PMID 28098190.
- ^ Kyoichiro Ueda (1996). "A New Palaeontinid Species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil (Homoptera: Palaeontinidae)" (PDF). Bulletin of the Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History. 16. Kitakyushu Museum and Institute of Natural History: 99–104. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
- ^ Xavier Martínez-Delclòs (1990). "Insectos del Cretácico inferior de Santa Maria de Meià (Lleida): Colección Lluís Maria Vidal i Carreras" (PDF). Treballs del Museu de Geología de Barcelona (in Spanish). 1. Museo de Geología de Barcelona: 91–116. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
- ^ Mikko Haaramo (May 5, 2009). "†Palaeontinidae: After Grimaldi & Engel, 2005, Wang, Zhang & Fang, 2006, and Wang, Zhang & Szwedo, 2009". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
- S2CID 129712238. Retrieved July 13, 2011.
External links
Data related to Palaeontinidae at Wikispecies
Media related to Palaeontinidae at Wikimedia Commons
