2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses
This article documents an ongoing civil conflict. Information may change rapidly as the event progresses, and initial news reports may be unreliable. The latest updates to this article may not reflect the most current information. (May 2024) |
2024 pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses | |
---|---|
Part of Israel–Hamas war protests | |
Date | April 17, 2024 – present (2 weeks and 3 days) |
Location | United States
Other countries[1]
|
Caused by | Opposition to |
Goals | Universities divesting from Israel |
Methods | Protests, civil disobedience, picketing |
Casualties | |
Injuries | 15-25+ protesters hospitalized[3] |
Arrested | 2,300+ protesters[4] |
Pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses escalated on April 17, 2024, spreading to
Demonstrations spread on April 22, when students at several universities on the
The occupations have resulted in the closure of
Background
Protests, including rallies, demonstrations, campaigns, and vigils relating to the Israel–Hamas war have occurred across the U.S. since the conflict's start on October 7, 2023, alongside other Israel–Hamas war protests around the world. Pro-Palestinian protesters criticized U.S. military and diplomatic support for Israel and Israel's invasion of the Gaza Strip and its war conduct, which some called a genocide.[37][38]
Overview
Demands
Many of the protests involve student demands that their schools sever financial ties to Israel and companies involved in the conflict, as well as an end to U.S. military support for Israel,[39][28] as part of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement.[9] Some protests have also demanded that the universities sever academic ties with Israel, support a ceasefire in Gaza, and disclose investments.[40] Student demands have varied among the different occupations, including for universities to stop accepting research money from Israel that supports the military, and an end to college endowments investing with managers who profit from Israeli entities.[9] Student protesters called on Columbia University to financially divest from any company with business ties to the Israeli government, including Microsoft, Google and Amazon.[41] NYU Alumni for Palestine called on New York University to "terminate all vendor contracts with companies playing active roles in the military occupation in Palestine and ongoing genocide in Gaza, namely Cisco, Lockheed Martin, Caterpillar and General Electric".[42] Pro-Palestinian protesters demanded that the University of Washington cut ties with Boeing.[43]
After several mass arrests, the demands have also included amnesty for students and faculty who were disciplined or fired for protesting. The protests on many campuses are created by coalitions of student groups, and are largely independent, but some have claimed that they were inspired by other campus protests. All have disavowed violence.[44][10]
Participants
Some of the protests are organized by groups such as
Participants include students, faculty and non-campus individuals of various backgrounds,
Concern has been raised over the presence of outside groups at protests.[53] Far-right agitators and white nationalists have been spotted at some protests seeking to sow chaos and violence.[59] Experts have raised concerns over far-right groups attempting to infiltrate protests to cause harm, and subsequent reactions from militant far-left activists aligned with the anti-fascist movement.[60] During arrests in New York on May 2, police announced that nearly half of those arrested at Columbia and CCNY were unaffiliated with either school. Mayor Eric Adams stated that they had seen evidence that outside agitators and "professionals" such as Lisa Fithian and the wife of Sami Al-Arian had given students tactical knowledge and training to escalate their protests.[61]
Many protesters have donned masks and
Analysis
The Guardian described the protests "perhaps the most significant student movement since the anti-Vietnam campus protests of the late 1960s".[63] Protests at Columbia University have been compared to the 1968 protests due to their scale and tactics,[64] and as echoing the 1968 movement.[65][66] According to The Independent, protesters studied the historical movement. A Columbia undergraduate said that student organizers learned from the experiences of older generations, calling the movement "completely built" on the legacy of the 1968 protests.[67]
Former Columbia University student leaders from the era of protests against apartheid in the 1980's, including BDS co-founder Omar Barghouti and historian Barbara Ransby, described the "intersecting issues of war, racism and colonialism" as a focal point in the movements of 1968, the 1980's, and 2024 — and that the similarities are clear among the unique periods.[68] The New York Times stated that scholars noted the current protests are starkly different than those against the Vietnam War or apartheid South Africa. According to Timothy Naftali, protests against Vietnam in the 1960's did not result in a constituency that felt attacked as an ethnicity, and that the "demonstrations now are creating a feeling of insecurity in a much bigger way than the antiwar demonstrations during Vietnam did."[54]
Far-right influencers and some Republicans have portrayed the protests as violent, a "Marxist takeover," and "terrorism."[60] The New York Times noted that the protests have come during a presidential election year in which Democrats have "harnessed promises of stability and normalcy to win critical recent elections," and that the protests come as a Republican messaging opportunity to divide Democrats.[69] Johns Hopkins political science professor Daniel Schlozman remarked that Republican fixation on criticizing universities as bastions of leftist ideology has resulted in them portraying the protests as examples of radicalism on race and gender issues and highlighting them as a way to divide the Democratic coalition.[70]
As of 28 April 2024[update], protests that occurred outside of the US were "sporadic and smaller, and none [started] a wider student movement." The "partisan political context" was described as a reason for the intensity of protests in the United States.[70] The status of Columbia as an Ivy League school, its proximity to New York City and national news media, and its large population of Jewish students were described as fueling increased media attention and political scrutiny that helped spread the protests.[70] NPR described the protests abroad as "a growing global student movement", with student protests in the United Kingdom focusing on "an increasingly high-profile nationwide campaign to end British arms exports to Israel".[71] Although not at the intensity of protests in the United States, the protests have gained traction abroad, inspired by protests in the United States.[72]
Antisemitism allegations
Several protests have been criticized for antisemitism.[73] Some protesters have asserted that such claims are a weaponization of antisemitism,[31] and denied that protesters are antisemitic.[6]
Protests
In the United States, protests have occurred in: Alabama, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma. Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington D.C., West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
Protests have also occurred in other countries, including Argentina, Australia, Canada, Egypt, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Mexico, New Zealand, Spain, Tunisia, United Kingdom, and Yemen.[1]
First encampment protest at Columbia University
A series of
Violence against protesters
The police response against the student protesters was described as disproportionate and violent, including by the United Nations.[84][85] At protests around the country, police tear gassed, shot rubber bullets, and beat both students and professors.[86] At some universities, snipers were placed on campus rooftops,[87] and police were armed with tanks and riot gear.[88][89] Students also faced violence at the hands of counterprotesters.[90]
Pro-Israeli attack at UCLA
At the
Fifteen people were reported injured, including one who was hospitalized.[98] Student journalists for the Daily Bruin described being targeted by the counter-protestors and were punched, kicked, and beaten.[99] Witnesses said the LAPD intervened after nearly four hours of attacks by the pro-Israel counter-demonstrators.[94][100]
Responses
Domestic
Faculty and staff
Rebecca Karl, a professor at NYU, stated that historically, "there have been a number of confrontations that have been dealt with by universities in ways that stress that we are not a violent institution... I'm personally very concerned".[101] Wadie Said, a professor at the University of Colorado, stated, "The First Amendment is the hallmark of freedom.. You see that being curtailed based on viewpoint discrimination, which is something not supposed to be allowed under the First Amendment".[102] Jeremi Suri, a UT Austin professor, stated, "I witnessed the police – the state police, the campus police, the city police – an army of police... stormed into the student crowd and started arresting students".[103]
Jody Armour, a professor at USC, stated, "We need to stop allowing people to weaponise anti-Semitism against real, valid protests."[104] In reference to protesters, John McWhorter, a Columbia professor, said, "I find it very hard to imagine that they are antisemitic", adding that there is "a fine line between questioning Israel's right to exist and questioning Jewish people's right to exist" but that "some of the rhetoric amid the protests crosses it."[105]
Law enforcement
Police departments have employed a range of tactics against protesters including dispersing crowds using horses and police in
Organizations
The
A coalition of over 200 organizations published an open letter expressing support for the protests.[116] Signatories include:[117][118]
- 350.org
- Al-Haq
- Alliance of Baptists
- American Baptist Churches USA
- American Friends Service Committee
- American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee
- Arab American Institute
- Beyt Tikkun
- Council on American-Islamic Relations
- Center for Constitutional Rights
- Dream Defenders
- Fight for the Future
- Future Coalition
- Gen-Z for Change
- Greenpeace USA
- Highlander Research and Education Center
- Hindus for Human Rights
- Indian American Muslim Council
- Islamic Society of North America
- Just Foreign Policy
- Jews for Racial and Economic Justice
- Justice Democrats
- Public Accountability Initiative
- Mondoweiss
- National Iranian American Council
- National Lawyers Guild
- North American Students of Cooperation
- Oakland Institute
- Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth
- Our Revolution
- Pax Christi USA
- Peace Action
- Poverty Project at the Institute for Policy Studies
- People’s Action
- Presbyterian Church (USA) Office of Public Witness
- Progressive Democrats of America
- Presbyterian Peace Fellowship
- Project South
- Rising Tide North America
- RootsAction Education Fund
- Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Center
- Starr King School for the Ministry
- Transnational Institute
- Unitarian Universalist Service Committee
- US Campaign for Palestinian Rights
- Veterans For Peace
- Women’s Institute for Freedom of the Press
- World Beyond War
- Working Families Party
- IfNotNow
- Young Democrats of America Black Caucus
- Movement for Black Lives
- Sunrise Movement
- Jewish Voice for Peace
- Palestine Legal
- Unitarian Universalist Association
Political
On April 22, President Joe Biden criticized and condemned the protests calling them antisemitic and "those who don't understand what's going on with the Palestinians."[10] Former President Donald Trump, stated that the 2017 white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia was "peanuts" comparative to the ongoing protests.[119] House Speaker Mike Johnson spoke at Columbia on April 24 stating that he was committed "that Congress will not be silent as Jewish students are expected to run for their lives and stay home from their classes hiding in fear."[29] Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer condemned the "lawlessness" during the protests at Columbia University, saying it is "unacceptable when Jewish students are targeted for being Jewish, when protests exhibit verbal abuse, systematic intimidation or glorification of the murderous and hateful Hamas or the violence of Oct. 7."[120]
Florida Governor Ron DeSantis described the situation at Columbia and other campuses as "inmates run[ning] the asylum."[27] Texas Governor Greg Abbott, stated that the protesters "belonged in jail" and continued claiming that the protests were "hate-filled, antisemitic protests" and anyone engaging in them should be expelled.[28] Pennsylvania Governor Josh Shapiro raised criticism to the colleges and universities that did not do enough to protect its students, which could lead to antisemitic incidents.[29] Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell described the protests as "a dangerous situation" and stated "there's also antisemitism, which is completely unacceptable".[15] McConnell accused the "student radicals" of supporting Hamas.[120]
After the mass arrests seen at UT on April 24, many voiced their disapproval over Abbott's handling of the decision and the police tactics. Texas state Democrats claimed that Abbotts Department of Public Safety had "more courage to arrest peaceful student protesters than when an active shooter entered an elementary school in Uvalde."[34] U.S. representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez also criticised the deployment of police against the Columbia University protest, describing the decision as "escalatory, reckless, and dangerous act".[32] Farrah Khan, the mayor Irvine, California, said: “I am asking our law enforcement to stand down. I will not tolerate any violations to our students' rights to peacefully assemble and protest."[33]
The Fairfax County branch of the Democratic Party issued a statement denouncing the arrests of students at Virginia schools.[35] Virginia representatives Rozia Henson, Joshua Cole, Adele McClure, Nadarius Clark, and Saddam Salim released a joint statement condemning the arrests of student protestors in Virginia.[121][122]
Addressing students at the City University of New York on April 26, imprisoned Black political activist Mumia Abu-Jamal praised the protests stating "It is a wonderful thing that you have decided not to be silent and decided to speak out against the repression that you see with your own eyes", declaring protesters to be "on the right side of history".[123] College Democrats of America, the student wing of the Democratic Party, endorsed the protests and criticized President Biden's response to the protests.[36][35]
After visiting the encampment at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia District Attorney Larry Krasner said “The First Amendment comes from here, this is Philadelphia, we don’t have to do stupid like they did at Columbia.”[124]
Multiple conservative politicians and commentators spread the antisemitic conspiracy theory that George Soros funded the protest movement, including Mike Johnson, Ted Cruz, Ira Stoll, Isabel Vincent, and Kari Lake.[125][126]
Legislation
On April 23, the
SB 1287 is about making sure that California universities are places where everyone can share their thoughts and ideas freely. We want to protect free speech and academic freedom while also preventing any form of harassment or discrimination. The need has been highlighted by incidents of antisemitism that have resulted from the October 7th terrorist attack in Israel. By having the [institutions of higher education] set clear rules and reporting systems, we're making sure that universities can maintain an environment where everyone feels respected and can learn without fear of intimidation, harassment, or violence.
As stated by the ACLU:
This SB 1287 goes beyond such protections in ways that would likely lead colleges and universities to silence a range of protected speech based on viewpoint alone. It provides no clear standards for identifying forms of conduct or speech that will be “reasonably understood by the victims or hearers” to “call for or support genocide.” It is also overly broad and will likely sweep in a wide range of protected speech and expression. The lack of clear standards also means that the bill provides inadequate notice of the types of speech and expressive conduct that it prohibits. It is therefore unconstitutionally vague in addition to being overbroad.
The analysis of the bill by the Judiciary Committee notes the following:
As currently in print, the bill has several provisions that are likely to be vulnerable to a First Amendment challenge. For example, the bill requires the CSUs and CCCs to impose time, place, and manner restrictions “for public protests and demonstrations” at institutions; this would create a content-based rule that seems unlikely to survive strict scrutiny. Likewise, the bill currently requires students and potential students to agree to comply with the bill’s provisions as a condition of continued admission or admission; but given that some of the bill’s provisions are vague, threatening expulsion or denial of admission for lack of compliance is likely to chill legitimate student speech.
Although the Senate's own staff remark that the bill in its current form is probably unconstitutional in its targeting against the
Public and students
Linda Sarsour, a Palestinian activist, stated, "These young people are reaffirming and demonstrating that the tide is shifting on Palestine, that the Palestinian people have solidarity not just across the United States of America, but across the world".[128]
International
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the protests were "horrific," anti-Semitic and must be quelled.[30] Jewish U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders responded vehemently to the PM's claim that universities were experiencing antisemitism, accusing Netanyahu of distracting the American people from the Israel–Hamas war,[13] as well as expressing support for the pro-Palestinian protests.[25]
Photojournalist Motaz Azaiza spoke about the protests after being invited to visit the Columbia protest, saying his experience was great and he appreciated students wanting to know more and educate themselves, and that it was an honor to raise awareness about the Gaza Strip.[57] Bisan Owda stated the protests made the Gazan populace feel "heard."[129][130] Displaced people in Gaza expressed gratitude to the student protesters, holding signs such as "Thank you, American universities".[131]
In response to the protests at Columbia, the spokesperson for India's Ministry of External Affairs stated, "In every democracy, there has to be the right balance between freedom of expression, sense of responsibility and public safety and order... After all, we are all judged by what we do at home and not what we say abroad."[132]
Chinese state media expressed support for the protests: the People's Daily wrote that American students are protesting because they "can no longer stand the double standards of the United States", while former editor-in-chief of the Global Times Hu Xijin stated that the protests show that "Jewish political and business alliance's control over American public opinion has declined."[133]
On May 2, The New York Times published an article that cited NewsGuard, the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, and the American cybersecurity company Recorded Future about how the media of Russia, China, and Iran have covered the events. It concluded there have been overt and covert efforts by those countries to capitalize on the protests to denigrate democracy, inflame partisan tensions, criticize Joe Biden ahead of the 2024 presidential election, support Donald Trump, and express support for Hamas and Palestinians generally.[134]
In Tunisia, the General Union of Students released a statement expressing "gratitude and admiration for the student movements at American universities, drawing inspiration from their remarkable history of war rejection, as witnessed during the Vietnam War".[135]
After the three-days of occupation at Sciences Po in Paris, Prime Minister of France, Gabriel Attal, stated he would "not tolerate the actions of a dangerously acting minority", describing protests as "an ideology coming from North America".[136]
The
The Yemen's Houthi-controlled Sanaa University offered education to students suspended due to protests. [138]
See also
- 1933 anti-Nazi boycott
- 2024 Columbia University protests
- Accusations of United States complicity in Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war
- Anti-apartheid movement in the United States
- Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions
- History of higher education in the United States
- Israel–Hamas war protests in the United States
- International reactions to the Israel–Hamas war
- Kent State shootings – Vietnam war protests resulting in student deaths
- Occupy Wall Street
- Protests of 1968
- Student protest
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Among the lead student groups in the coalition are the Columbia chapters of Jewish Voice for Peace and Students for Justice in Palestine. The two decades-old anti-Zionism advocacy groups that protest Israel's military occupation have chapters across the country that have been key to protests on other campuses.
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Those counter-protesters might, in turn, be met with violence from militant far-left activists aligned with the anti-fascist movement, said Colin P. Clarke, director of research at the Soufan Group, a global intelligence and security consultancy. The far-left has become increasingly organized over the last few years, in response to growing violence from the far-right, Clarke said, and he's worried about possible violence that could spill out from the protests.
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From 1968 to the 1980s to 2024, the often intersecting issues of war, racism and colonialism, took center stage in Columbia justice movements, reflecting larger campus and international struggles raging at the time. Each of these periods was unique, but parallels are clear.
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At Boston's Northeastern University, Police in riot gear cleared an encampment after crowds were heard chanting antisemitic slurs including "kill the Jews".