Prostigmata
Prostigmata Temporal range:
| |
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Eriophyes cerasicrumena (family Eriophyidae), galls on cherry | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
Class: | Arachnida |
Order: | Trombidiformes |
Suborder: | Prostigmata |
Infraorders | |
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Prostigmata is a suborder of mites belonging to the order Trombidiformes, which contains the "sucking" members of the "true mites" (Acariformes).
Many
Other Prostigmata live as parasites on
Some of the Prostigmata parasitizing vertebrates are of medical relevance due to causing skin diseases in humans. These include for example
Description
Prostigmata are usually 0.1–2 mm long, though some giant red velvet mites can reach 16 mm. They have a range of different body forms and colours.[2] As mites, most of them have eight legs (six in their larval stage). However, the Eriophyoidea instead have four legs, all positioned at the front of a long, worm-like body.[3] The name "Prostigmata" comes from mites of this group having spiracles (stigmata) on the prodorsum, usually between the chelicerae or on its lateral margins.[4]
Habitat
Many prostigmatans live in soil. These occur in soils as varied as agricultural fields, burned prairies, tidal marshlands, drained lake beds with algal blooms, and Antarctic soils.[5]
Other prostigmatans are aquatic. The group includes Hydrachnidia, commonly known as the water mites. Hydrachnidia live in many kinds of freshwater habitats, including lentic (e.g. lakes, ponds), lotic (e.g. rivers, streams), springs and interstitial waters.[6] Also in the Prostigmata are family Halacaridae, which are mostly marine.[7]
Other habitats of Prostigmata include caves, algae, mosses, lichens, shrubs and trees.[2]
Diet
Prostigmata have a wide range of diets, including species that are predators, herbivores, fungivores, microbivores and parasites.[5]
Among the soil-dwelling Prostigmata, the smaller predatory species have nematodes as an important part of their diet. They may also feed occasionally on fungi, piercing fungal hyphae using stylet chelicerae. Larger predatory species, such as members of Bdelloidea and Trombidoidea, feed on other arthropods or their eggs.[5]
Systematics and taxonomy
The Prostigmata make up the bulk of the
They contain a few of the little-known "
The Prostigmata present their own taxonomic and systematic problems even in the redefined
Currently accepted taxonomy
As of May 2022[update], Catalogue of Life and Integrated Taxonomic Information System accept the following taxonomy for Prostigmata, including four infraorders:[10][11]
Anystina
- Superfamily Adamystoidea
- Superfamily Allotanaupodoidea
- Superfamily Amphotrombioidea
- Superfamily Anystoidea
- Superfamily Arrenuroidea
- Superfamily Caeculoidea
- Superfamily Calyptostomatoidea
- Superfamily Chyzerioidea
- Superfamily Erythraeoidea
- Superfamily Eylaoidea
- Superfamily Hydrachnoidea
- Superfamily Hydrovolzioidea
- Superfamily Hydryphantoidea
- Superfamily Hygrobatoidea
- Superfamily Lebertioidea
- Superfamily Paratydeoidea
- Superfamily Pomerantzioidea
- Superfamily Stygothrombioidea
- Superfamily Tanaupodoidea
- Superfamily Trombiculoidea
- Superfamily Trombidioidea
- Superfamily Yurebilloidea
Eleutherengona
(Also known as Eleutherengonides)
- Superfamily Cheyletoidea
- Superfamily Cloacaroidea
- Superfamily Dolichocyboidea
- Superfamily Heterocheyloidea
- Superfamily Myobioidea
- Superfamily Pterygosomatoidea
- Superfamily Pyemotoidea
- Superfamily Raphignathoidea
- Superfamily Scutacaroidea
- Superfamily Tarsocheyloidea
- Superfamily Tarsonemoidea
- Superfamily Tetranychoidea
- Superfamily Trochometridioidea
Eupodina
- Superfamily Bdelloidea
- Superfamily Eriophyoidea
- Superfamily Eupodoidea
- Superfamily Halacaroidea
- Superfamily Tydeoidea
Labidostommatina
- Superfamily Labidostommatoidea: monotypic family Labidostommatidae
References
- ^ Halacaridae: Marine mites Archived 2010-06-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ ISBN 978-0-12-809633-8, retrieved 2023-01-16
- ^ "Eupodides, Eriophyoidea". idtools.org. Retrieved 2023-01-16.
- ^ "All mites have a small head". keys.lucidcentral.org. Retrieved 2023-01-16.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-12-179726-3, retrieved 2023-01-16
- S2CID 10262035.
- S2CID 52145427.
- ^ a b c Heather Proctor (August 9, 1998). "Acariformes. The "mite-like" mites". Tree of Life Web Project. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
- ^ a b Heather Proctor (August 9, 1998). "Trombidiformes. Trombidiform mites". Tree of Life Web Project. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
- ^ "Prostigmata | COL". www.catalogueoflife.org. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
- ^ "ITIS - Report: Prostigmata". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2022-05-30.