Prunus serrulata
Prunus serrulata | |
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Prunus serrulata 'Kanzan' in bloom at Jardin des Plantes, Paris, France. | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Rosales |
Family: | Rosaceae |
Genus: | Prunus |
Subgenus: | Prunus subg. Cerasus |
Section: | P. sect. Cerasus |
Species: | P. serrulata
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Binomial name | |
Prunus serrulata | |
Synonyms[1] | |
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Prunus serrulata or Japanese cherry[2] is a species of cherry tree that grows naturally in Japan, China, Korea, and Vietnam, and it also refers to a cultivar produced from Prunus speciosa (Oshima cherry), a cherry tree endemic in Japan.[3][4] Historically, the Japanese have developed many cultivars by selective breeding of cherry trees, which are produced by the complicated crossing of several wild species, and they are used for ornamental purposes all over the world. Of these, the cultivars produced by complex interspecific hybrids based on the Oshima cherry are also known as the Cerasus Sato-zakura Group.[4][5][6]
Varieties and Form
Classification
The classification of cherry blossoms varies from country to country and from period to period. For example, in the Japanese classification, P. serrulata Lindl. f. albida, P. serrulata var. spontanea, P. serrulata var. pubescens and P. serrulata Lindl. var. sachalinensis, the varieties and form constituting this species, are classified as independent species because of their genetic, morphological, and flowering time differences.[7]
There are several varieties and form (or species):
- Prunus serrulata f. albida (syn. Prunus speciosa). Japan.[8]
- Prunus serrulata var. spontanea or Prunus serrulata f. spontanea (syn. Prunus jamasakura). Japan.[9]
- Some books say that P. jamasakura grows wild in China and Korea, but P. leveilleana and P. sargentii were mistaken for P. jamasakura.[9]
- Prunus serrulata var. pubescens (syn. Prunus leveilleana). Japan, Korea, China.[10]
- Prunus serrulata var. sachalinensis (syn. Prunus sargentii). Japan, Korea, eastern Russia, China.[11]
Trees and flowers
Prunus serrulata is a small deciduous tree with a short single trunk, with a dense crown reaching a height of 7.9–11.9 metres (26–39 ft). The smooth bark is chestnut-brown, with prominent horizontal lenticels. The leaves are arranged alternately, simple, ovate-lanceolate, 5–13 cm long and 2.5–6.5 cm broad, with a short petiole and a serrate or doubly serrate margin. At the end of autumn, the green leaves turn yellow, red or crimson.[3]
The
Because of its evolution, the fruit developed merely as a small, ovoid cherry-like fruit, but it doesn't develop past a small amount of fleshy mass around the seed; as P. serrulata was bred for its flowers, its fruits do not enlarge the way cherry varieties bred for their fruit do.[citation needed]
Cultivars
Among the Prunus serrulata, many
As the population increased in the southern
In American classification, these cultivars are classified as Prunus serrulata var. lannesiana or Prunus serrulata var. pendula (syn. Prunus lannesiana). However, detailed DNA studies revealed that they were complex interspecific hybrids with the Oshima cherry, so they are classified as the Prunus Sato-zakura group or Cerasus Sato-zakura group.[4][12][5]
'Kanzan' is the most popular Japanese cherry tree cultivar for cherry blossom viewing in Europe and North America. Compared with
In some cultivars, the
In cultivation in Europe and North America, it is usually grafted on to Prunus avium roots; the cultivated forms rarely bear fruit. It is viewed as part of the Japanese custom of Hanami.[citation needed]
Some important
- Flowers pink, double; young leaves bronze-coloured at first, becoming green.[17][18][19] Award of Garden Merit.
- 'Amanogawa'.
- Fastigiate cherry, with columnar habit; flowers semi-double, pale pink.[17] Award of Garden Merit.
- 'Choshu-hizakura' Also known as 'Kenrokuen-kumagai'. Crasus Sato-zakura Group 'Choshu-hizakura'[20]
- Flowers double, deep pink at first, fading to pale pink. In Japanese, fugen refers to Award of Garden Merit.
- 'Kiku-shidare'.
- Cheal's Weeping Cherry. Stems weeping; flowers double, pink. Tends to be short-lived.[17]
- Flowers double, pale pink at first, fading to white. The name comes from the fact that only one pistil is changed like a leaf, and ichi (一) means 'one' and yo (葉) means' leaf'. In the Japanese climate, it is one of the cultivars that are likely to become the largest tree among the double-flowered cherry trees derived from Oshima cherry.[15] Award of Garden Merit.
- 'Shirotae'. Mt. Fuji Cherry. Crasus Sato-zakura Group 'Shirotae' Koidz[16]
- Great White Cherry. Flowers single, white, very large (up to 8 cm diameter); young leaves bronze-coloured at first, becoming green.[17] By the beginning of the 20th century it had already ceased to exist in Japan, but Collingwood Ingram, an English man who had imported it from Japan before then, sent it back to Japan in 1932.[23] Award of Garden Merit.
- 'Ukon'. = 'Grandiflora', P. serrulata f. grandiflora Wagner. Cerasus Sato-zakura Group 'Grandiflora' A. Wagner[16]
Gallery
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P. serrulata flowers
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Bark showing lenticels
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Leaf close up
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tree spiritof the Japanese Cherry Tree
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Cultivar flower close up
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Prunus serrulata – Cherry blossoms
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Leaves in autumn
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Typical autumn foliage
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'Ukon' (Prunus lannesiana Wilson cv. 'Grandiflora')
References
- ^ "Prunus Lindl." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2024-03-07.
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ a b Prunus serrulata
- ^ ISBN 978-4004315346
- ^ a b c d e "Origins of Japanese flowering cherry (Prunus subgenus Cerasus) cultivars revealed using nuclear SSR markers". Shuri Kato, Asako Matsumoto, Kensuke Yoshimura, Toshio Katsuki etc. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
- ^ a b "Origins of Japanese flowering cherry (Prunus subgenus Cerasus) cultivars revealed using nuclear SSR markers". Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. June 16, 2014. Archived from the original on 2019-03-09. Retrieved February 27, 2021.
- ISBN 978-4004315346
- ISBN 978-4004315346
- ^ ISBN 978-4004315346
- ISBN 978-4004315346
- ISBN 978-4004315346
- ^ ISBN 978-4004315346
- ISBN 978-4797389319
- ^ Kirschblüte. Bundesstadt Bonn.
- ^ ISBN 978-4004315346
- ^ a b c d e f Classification and Morphological Identification of Cherry Blossoms. Toshio Katsuki (2017).
- ^ a b c d e f g Arthur Lee Jacobson. "Plant of the Month: April 2005: Japanese Sato zakura in Seattle: Prunus cultivars". Retrieved 21 October 2011.
- ^ "Prunus 'Kanzan' AGM". Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Archived from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ^ "Prunus 'Kanzan'". Missouri Botanic Garden. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ^ Sakura Datebase. Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute.
- ^ "Prunus 'Shirofugen'". Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ^ "Prunus 'Shirotae'". Missouri Botanic Garden. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ISBN 978-4004315346
- ^ "Prunus 'Ukon' AGM". Plant Selector. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
- ISBN 978-4004315346
Further reading
- Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
- Flora of China: Cerasus serrulata
- NC State University: Prunus serrulata
- Arborist's photo: size potential for Prunus serrulata 'Shirotae' ('Mt. Fuji')