Puppet ruler

A puppet ruler is someone who holds a title that indicates they have

in numerous circumstances and places throughout history.

There are two basic forms of using puppets as monarchs (rulers, kings, emperors): a figurehead in which the monarch is a puppet of another person or a group in the country who rules instead of the nominal ruler; and a

of Egypt in the 1950s are examples of the second type.

List of puppet kings and queens

Classical antiquity

• Qin Er Shi, Emperor of China's Qin Empire – dominated by his eunuch Zhao Gao
• Emperor Xian of Han of China – dominated by the warlord Dong Zhuo, his successors Li Jue and Guo Si, and finally the Wei Kingdom founded by Cao Pi before being forced to abdicate
• Philip II Philoromaeus of the last Seleucid, King of Syria – ruled as client king for the Roman Republic and Pompey

Late antiquity

• Leo I the Thracian, Roman emperor appointed by Aspar
  , but broke free
• Libius Severus, second Roman emperor appointed by Ricimer
• Olybrius, third Roman emperor appointed by Ricimer
• Glycerius, Roman emperor appointed by Ricimer's nephew, Gundobad
• Romulus Augustulus, Roman emperor appointed by his general father, Orestes

Post-classical period

• Ecgberht I of Northumbria puppet ruler for the Danes
• Baldwin I, Latin Emperor – installed to rule the Latin Empire by the Republic of Venice after the Fourth Crusade
• John, King of England – nominally ruled as a vassal for Pope Innocent III after 1213
• John Balliol of Scotland – puppet king for King Edward I of England
• Ilkhan
  ruler in Mongol Persia
• Henry VI Lancaster of England – largely dominated by advisors such as Queen Margaret of Anjou and William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk

Early modern period

• John Sigismund Zápolya, Ottoman puppet king of Hungary contesting Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I of Hapsburg's claim to the throne
• Manco Inca, Sapa Inca of Tawantinsuyu – installed by the Spanish Empire, later revolted and founded the Neo-Inca State
• Simeon Bekbulatovich Russian Tsar – ruled for one year as Puppet monarch of Ivan the Terrible
• Moctezuma II, Tlatoani (Emperor) of Tenochtitlan and Aztec Triple Empire
• Joseph Nasi, an Ottomans puppet manger as Duchy of Naxos

Napoleonic era

• Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Princess of Lucca
• Louis Bonaparte of the Kingdom of Holland
• Jérôme Bonaparte, of Kingdom of Westphalia created from territories of Prussia and the former Holy Roman Empire (present-day cultural Germany) after the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
• Napoleonic Spain during the Peninsular War and of the Neapolitan Kingdom after the French invasion of Naples
• Elector and later King, Frederick Augustus I of Saxony, appointed as Napoleonic Duke of Warsaw (present-day Poland, Belarus, and Lithuania)

Late modern period

• Rulers of the princely states of India under paramountcy of the British East India Company and later the British Raj
• Hussein Shah of Johor – proclaimed Sultan of Johor by the British Empire during the succession crisis of the Johor Sultanate
  .
• Mubarak al-Sabah – signed an agreement with the British Empire to make the Sheikhdom of Kuwait a British protectorate
• Pedro V of Kongo – ruled the Kingdom of Kongo (modern-day Angola, Gabon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Republic of the Congo) as a client king for the Portuguese Empire
• Gungunhana – Portuguese client ruler of the Gaza Empire, exiled after unsuccessful rebellion against Portuguese rule.
• Osman Mahamuud – client king of the Majeerteen Sultanate (modern-day Puntland) for the Italian Empire
• Isfandiyar Jurji Bahadur – Russian client rulers of the Khanate of Khiva
• Emperor Gojong and Sunjong of Korea – ruled as puppets of the Japanese Empire after the Russo-Japanese War
• Fascist Italy after the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia as figurehead for Ante Pavelić's Ustaše
  regime
• Emperor of Manchukuo – former Emperor of China appointed to lead Japan's puppet state of Manchukuo^[1][2]
• Emperor of Vietnam – emperor of the French protectorate of Annam and Japanese-occupied Vietnam, later chief of state of South Vietnam
• Sisavang Vong, King of Luang Phrabang – client king of the French protectorate of Laos
• Tashi Namgyal and Palden Thondup Namgyal – ruled Sikkim as protectorate of India after 1950.
• Sisowath Monivong, of Cambodia – king of the French protectorate of Cambodia

Puppet governments

A puppet does not have to be a national ruler, or even a person. For example, Oscar K. Allen was widely recognized to be Huey Long's puppet while serving as governor of Louisiana.^[3] The government of Manchukuo was controlled by the Japanese government.

References