Quercus ithaburensis

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Quercus ithaburensis

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Fagaceae
Genus: Quercus
Subgenus: Quercus subg. Cerris
Section:
Quercus sect. Cerris
Species:
Q. ithaburensis
Binomial name
Quercus ithaburensis
Distribution map
Synonyms[2]

Of the species:[2]

  • Quercus aegilops var. ithaburensis (Decne.) Boiss.
  • Quercus aegilops subsp. ithaburensis (Decne.) Eig
  • Quercus macrolepis subsp. ithaburensis (Decne.) Browicz

Of subsp. macrolepis:[3]

  • Quercus aegilops subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) A.Camus
  • Quercus aegilops subsp. pyrami (Kotschy) A.Camus
  • Quercus aegilops subsp. vallonea (Kotschy) A.Camus
  • Quercus aegilops L., nom. rej.
  • Quercus agriobalanidea Papaioannou
  • Quercus cretica Bald.
  • Quercus echinata Lam.
  • Quercus ehrenbergii Kotschy
  • Quercus graeca Kotschy
  • Quercus hypoleuca Kotschy ex A.DC.
  • Quercus macrolepis Kotschy
  • Quercus massana Ehrenb. ex Wenz.
  • Quercus pyrami Kotschy
  • Quercus vallonea A.DC.
  • Quercus vallonea Kotschy
  • Quercus ventricosa Koehne

Quercus ithaburensis, the Mount Tabor oak, is a tree in the beech family

section Cerris.[5]

Description

Quercus ithaburensis is a small to medium-sized

tomentose below.[6][7]

The male flowers are light green 5-cm long

catkins while the wind-pollinated female flowers are small, up to 0.4 millimetres (1⁄32 in), produced in threes on short stalks called peduncles. Flowering occurs from March through April in most of its native range. The acorns are generally oval, up to 5 cm long and 3 cm wide with a cap covering roughly one-third of the acorn, maturing in 18 months, dropping from the tree in the second autumn after pollination. The cap is covered in long stiff loose scales which are rolled backward or involute, especially along the edges of the cap.[6][7][8]

Taxonomy

Two subspecies are accepted:[2]

  • Quercus ithaburensis subsp. ithaburensis – Turkey to the Palestine region[9]
  • Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt., syn. Quercus macrolepis, the Valonia oak[10] – throughout the range of the species except the Palestine region[3]

Distribution and habitat

Quercus ithaburensis is native from the central and east Mediterranean basin. This oak grows in southeastern Italy, South Albania, coast areas and islands of Greece, South and West Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, the Palestinian territories, and Jordan.[1]

Before the 20th century, the Plain of Sharon was covered by open woodland dominated by Quercus ithaburensis, which extended from Kfar Yona in the north to Ra’anana in the south. The local Arab inhabitants traditionally used the area for pasture, firewood and intermittent cultivation. The intensification of settlement and agricultural development, as well as the exploitation of native woodlands along the coastal plain by the Ottoman Empire (primarily in the form of timber for railroad construction) during the 19th century led to deforestation and subsequent environmental degradation - a theme commonly discussed in Hebrew sources.[11][12]

Uses

The cups of Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis, known as valonia, are used for tanning and dyeing as are the unripe acorns called camata or camatina. The ripe acorns are eaten raw or boiled.[13]

Quercus ithaburensis ssp. macrolepis

See also

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T194178A2303017.en
    . Retrieved 26 December 2022.
  2. ^ a b c d e "Quercus ithaburensis Decne." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
  3. ^ a b "Quercus ithaburensis subsp. macrolepis (Kotschy) Hedge & Yalt." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
  4. ^ Mouterde, Paul 1966. Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie 1: 365
  5. ^ "Vallonea or Aegilops Oaks, a Short Review". International Oak Society. 2016-06-04. Retrieved 2022-11-18.
  6. ^ a b Oaks of the World: Quercus ithaburensis
  7. ^ a b Wild Flowers of Israel: Quercus ithaburensis
  8. ISBN 1-57808-229-3
    .
  9. ^ "Quercus ithaburensis subsp. ithaburensis". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
  10. ^ Society for Valonia Oak website Archived June 25, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Marom, Roy (2022-12-01). "יער‬ ‫השרון (אל-ע'אבה) בתקופה העות'מאנית:‬ ‫בתקופה‬ ‫מהמחקר‬ ‫חדשות‬ ‫תובנות‬ ‫הגיאוגרפי-היסטורי The Oak Forest of the Sharon (al-Ghaba) in the Ottoman Period: New Insights from Historical- Geographical Studies". Muse. 5: 90–107.
  12. ^ ICSD (2016-01-24). "Trees and Humans in the Holy Land | The Interfaith Center for Sustainable Development". interfaithsustain.com. Retrieved 2025-02-06.
  13. ^ Qercus aegilops on food.oregonstate.edu Archived July 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quercus_ithaburensis&oldid=1281426520"