RMS Lady Hawkins
History | |
---|---|
Canada | |
Name | RMS Lady Hawkins |
Namesake | Katherine, Lady Hawkins |
Owner | Lady Hawkins Ltd |
Operator | Canadian National Steamship Co |
Port of registry | Halifax, Nova Scotia |
Route | Boston – Bermuda – Caribbean – British Guiana |
Builder | Cammell Laird, Birkenhead, England |
Yard number | 939[1] |
Launched | 16 August 1928 |
Completed | November 1928 |
Identification |
|
Fate | Torpedoed and sunk by U-66 off Cape Hatteras, 19 January 1942 |
General characteristics | |
Class and type | Lady-class ocean liner |
Tonnage | |
Length | 419.5 ft (127.9 m) |
Beam | 59.1 ft (18.0 m) |
Depth | 28.2 ft (8.6 m) |
Decks | 3 |
Propulsion | steam turbines; twin screw |
Speed | 14 knots (26 km/h)[1] |
Crew | 107 |
Sensors and processing systems | direction finding equipment |
Armament | DEMS |
Notes | sister ships: Lady Drake, Lady Nelson, Lady Rodney, Lady Somers |
RMS Lady Hawkins was a
Building and peacetime service
Cammell Laird of Birkenhead, on the Wirral in England built all five Lady-liners, and completed Lady Hawkins in November 1928.[2]
Lady Hawkins was an oil-burner, with a set of four Cammell Laird steam turbines driving the propeller shafts to her twin screws by single-reduction gearing. She had three passenger decks, and by 1931 she was equipped with a direction finding device.[3]
CN introduced the liners which became known as "Lady Boats" for mail, freight and passenger traffic between Canada, Bermuda and the Caribbean. The company wanted to develop Canadian exports including lumber, and imports to Canada including fruit, sugar and molasses. Each Lady-liner had refrigerated holds for perishable cargo such as fruit, and capacity for 100,000 bunches of bananas.[4] Their hulls were painted white,[5] which then was a relatively new fashion among shipping companies, and confined largely to passenger ships serving tropical or sub-tropical destinations.
Lady Drake, Lady Hawkins and Lady Nelson sailed fortnightly between Halifax and British Guiana via Boston, Bermuda, the Leeward Islands, the Windward Islands and Barbados. In summer the route was extended to the Montreal. CN named each of its five new liners after the wife of an English or British admiral who was noted for his actions in the Caribbean,[6] and who had been knighted or ennobled. Lady Hawkins was named after Katherine, the wife of the Elizabethan Admiral Sir John Hawkins (1532–95).
War service and loss
In January 1942 Lady Hawkins sailed from Montreal for Bermuda and the Caribbean. She called at Halifax and Boston, and by the time she left Boston she was carrying 2,908 tons of general cargo and 213 passengers as well as her complement of 107 officers, crew and
On the morning of 19 January 1942 the ship was sailing unescorted about 150 nautical miles (280 km) off Cape Hatteras, taking a zigzag course to make her more difficult to hit, when at 0743 hrs U-66 commanded by Korvettenkapitän Robert-Richard Zapp hit her with two stern-launched torpedoes. The liner sank in about 30 minutes.[2]
Three of her six lifeboats were damaged, but the other three were launched.
The boat had no radio transmitter and very limited rations of drinking water,
Of the three lifeboats launched, only Chief Officer Kelly's was found.[9] Including the five who died in that boat, a total of 251 people from Lady Hawkins were lost. They were the ship's master Captain Huntley Giffen, 85 other members of the crew, one DEMS gunner and 164 of her passengers, two of whom were Distressed British Seamen (i.e. survivors from previous sinkings). The 71 survivors whom Coamo rescued were Percy Kelly, 21 crew and 49 passengers.[2]
RMS Lady Drake
Soon after Lady Hawkins' sinking, Kelly was promoted to captain and made master of one of her sister ships, Lady Drake. On 5 May 1942 U-106 sank Lady Drake about 90 nautical miles (170 km) north of Bermuda, killing six passengers and six crew. Kelly, 141 passengers and 113 of his crew survived and were rescued by the US Navy minesweeper USS Owl, which landed them on Bermuda.[12]
Awards
On 27 October 1942 two of Lady Hawkins' Able Seamen, Ernest Rice and Clarence Squires, were commended in Naval citations.[13] On 22 December 1942 Captain Kelly was awarded the MBE for his leadership in saving lives from Lady Hawkins.[14] He was also awarded Lloyd's War Medal for Bravery at Sea.[2][15]
Footnotes
- ^ Atlantic, Gulf & West Indies Lines (Agwilines) delivered Coamo to the U.S. War Shipping Administration on 11 February 1942 (Maratime Administration record) almost immediately after the rescue described. The ship was then allocated to Army use but was never Army owned or bareboat chartered. Agwilines operated the ship under General Agency Agreement as WSA's agent until presumed lost in December 1942 after being ordered to sail independently from a Gibraltar-U.K. convoy by the British Admiralty and never reaching the destination. (Charles, Roland W. (1947). Troopships of World War II; p. 176) The Coamo was sunk 2 December 1942 by U-604
References
- ^ a b Lettens, Jan (11 January 2011). "SS Lady Hawkins (+1942)". The Wreck Site. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2014). "Lady Hawkins". Ships hit by U-boats. uboat.net. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ Lloyd's Register, Steamers & Motorships (PDF). London: Lloyd's Register. 1931. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ "West Indies Favor Canada's Products". The Gazette. 14 March 1929. p. 11. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ "Passenger ship RMS Lady Hawkins". Marine Service. Canada Science and Technology Museum. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ ""Lady" Liners Sail to West Indies". The Evening Post. Vol. CXXV, no. 72. Wellington: National Library of New Zealand. 26 March 1938. p. 27. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ Lee, Jerome (July 2009). "Caribbean Civilian War Dead WW2". Caribbean Roll of Honour. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2014). "Lady Hawkins". uboat.net. Crew lists from ships hit by U-boats. Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ a b Hocking 1989[page needed]
- ^ a b "Saved From the Sea". The Gazette. 24 February 2007. Archived from the original on 17 April 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ "U-Boat War off U.S.A. – More Vessels Lost". The Evening Post. Vol. CXXXIII, no. 25. Wellington: National Library of New Zealand. 30 January 1942. p. 5. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2014). "Lady Drake". uboat.net. Ships hit by U-boats. Guðmundur Helgason. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ Breen, Daniel. "Naval Citations". Newfoundland's Grand Banks. Chebucto. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ "Merchant Navy Awards". The London Gazette. The National Archives. 22 December 1942. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
- ^ de Neumann, Bernard (19 January 2006). "Lloyd's War Medal for Bravery at Sea (Part Two)". WW2 People's War. BBC. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
Sources and further reading
- Crabb, Brian James (2006). Beyond the Call of Duty. The Loss of British Commonwealth Mercantile and Service Women at Sea During the Second World War. Donington: Shaun Tyas. ISBN 1 900289 66-0.
- Hannington, Felicity (1980). The Lady Boats: The Life and Times of Canada's West Indies Merchant Fleet. Halifax, NS: Canadian Marine Transportation Centre, ISBN 0770301894.
- Hocking, Charles (1989). Dictionary of Disasters at Sea During the Age of Steam, Including Sailing Ships and Ships of War Lost in Action, 1824–1962. London: London Stamp Exchange. ISBN 0948130725.