Raphael I of Constantinople
Raphael I of Constantinople | |
|---|---|
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople | |
| Church | Church of Constantinople |
| In office | Early 1475 – early 1476 |
| Predecessor | Symeon I of Constantinople |
| Successor | Maximus III of Constantinople |
| Personal details | |
| Died | 1476 |
| Denomination | Eastern Orthodoxy |
Raphael I of Constantinople (
Life
Raphael was a
The
In September 1475, he appointed Spyridon of Tver as new Eastern Orthodox Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus'.[6]
The sources show an extended bias against Raphael I.[7] He is accused of not speaking properly Greek and is denounced for his foreign accent and for his addiction to alcohol.[3] It is reported that he was not able to stand during the ceremonies of the Great Friday because he was drunk.[3]
Raphael I reigned for about one year, until early 1476: at the beginning of the year, when he had to pay the annual gift he had promised to the Sultan, he tried to collect it from his faithful, who denied their help.[4] Unable to pay the requested fee, he was immediately deposed and imprisoned. He died shortly after still in chains.
Notes and references
- ^ a b Kiminas 2009, p. 37.
- ^ Јањић & Ђокић 2015, p. 87–109.
- ^ a b c d e Philippides & Hanak 2011, p. 84–85.
- ^ a b Laurent 1968, p. 260.
- ^ Runciman 1985, p. 194.
- ^ Romanchuk 2003, p. 296.
- ^ Philippides & Hanak 2011, p. 84-85.
Bibliography
- Јањић, Драгана Ј.; Ђокић, Небојша Д. (2015). "Рафаило I једини Србин васељенски патријарх". Баштина. 39: 87–109.
- Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate - A History of Its Metropolitanates with Annotated Hierarch Catalogs. Wildside Press.
- Laurent, Vitalien (1968). "Les premiers patriarches de Constantinople sous la domination turque (1454–1476) - Succession et chronologie d'après un catalogue inédit". Revue des études byzantines. 26: 229–263. .
- Philippides, Marios; Hanak, Walter K. (2011). The Siege and the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 - Historiography, Topography and Military Studies. Ashgate Publishing.
- Romanchuk, Robert (2003). "Once again on the Greek workbook of Timofei Veniaminov, fifteenth-century Novgorod monk". Monastic traditions - Selected proceedings of the Fourth International Hilandar Conference. Bloomington: Slavica. pp. 263–304.
- Runciman, Steven (1985) [1968]. The Great Church in Captivity - A Study of the Patriarchate of Constantinople from the Eve of the Turkish Conquest to the Greek War of Independence (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
