Red River Delta

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The Red River Delta or Hong River Delta (

Eight provinces, together with two municipalities (the capital Hanoi, and the port of Haiphong) form the delta. It had a population of almost 23 million in 2019.

In 2021, Paul Sidwell proposed that the locus of Proto-Austroasiatic languages was in this area about 4,000–4,500 years before present.^[4] The Hong River Delta is the cradle of the Vietnamese nation. Water puppetry originated in the rice paddies here. The region was bombed by United States warplanes during the Vietnam War. The region was designated as the Red River Delta Biosphere Reserve as part of UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme in 2004.^[5]

Provinces

• Quảng Ninh province, Bắc Giang province, Thái Nguyên province and Phú Thọ province are sometimes included as a province of the Red River Delta. Alternatively, they are seen as part of the Northeast region
  .
• Hà Tây province was merged into Hanoi in 2008.^[6]

Spanning some 150 km in width, the Red River Delta is located in the western coastal zone of the Gulf of Tonkin. The Red River is the second largest river in Vietnam and one of the five largest rivers on the East Asia coast. Its catchment covers parts of China and Vietnam and its water and sediment discharges greatly influence the hydrology in the Gulf of Tonkin.

Delta economy

In 2003, of the 78 million people in Vietnam, almost a third (24 million) live in the Red River basin, including over 17 million people in the delta itself. There are many large industrial zones in the Red River Delta clustering in

Though the Red River Delta makes up only 5% of Vietnam's land, 30% of the country's population live there, making it the most densely populated part of the country. 80% of the population are employed in agriculture, but the agricultural lands of the delta amount to only about .3-.5 hectares per household, making the limited supply of arable lands a significant constraint to improving living standards.

Agriculturally the Red River Delta is the second most important

• Red River Delta coalfield

Notes and references

Further reading

• Towards an environmental history of the eastern Red River Delta, Vietnam, c.900–1400

21°02′N 105°51′E / 21.033°N 105.850°E / 21.033; 105.850