Sōshi-kaimei
Sōshi-kaimei | |
Korean name | |
---|---|
Hangul | 창씨개명 |
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Changssigaemyeong |
McCune–Reischauer | Ch'angssigaemyŏng |
Literal meaning: "Create a surname (shi) and change (your) given name). |
Part of a series on |
Genocide of Indigenous peoples |
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Issues |
Sōshi-kaimei (
It consisted of two parts. The first was the 1939 Ordinance No. 19, which required sōshi, literally "creation of a
Order No. 124
In 1909, the
Ordinances No. 19 and 20
In 1939 and 1940, a new name-change policy came into effect by means of Ordinances No. 19 and 20. Originally, as in
With regard to the creation of a family name (shi), there were both "shi created by (individual) selection" (設定創氏) and "shi created by law" (法定創氏). In the half-year between February 11 and August 10, 1940, those who provided notification could create a shi of their own choosing, while those who did not provide any notification would have their shi defined by the clan name (sei) of the head of the household. After the "creation of a family name", a Korean had three names which are a family name shi, a clan name sei, and a personal name mei (first name), all of which are recorded in a person's
Declaration of individually selected shi and changes of given name initially (in February 1940) were conducted on the basis of voluntary notification. However, at the April prefectural governors' meeting, because of instructions such as "Special consideration should be taken so that the shi registration of all households can be completed by the coming July 20"[6] the administration began to seriously promote the policy, and as a result, starting from April, the number of households registering individually selected shi began to rise sharply. As of April, only 3.9% of all households had provided notification for the creation of a shi, but by August 10, that figure had risen to 80.3%. Also, statements opposing the policy of sōshi-kaimei were censored according to the internal security laws.
There are several viewpoints regarding this sudden increase. Most argue that official compulsion and harassment existed against individuals who would not create a new Japanese-style shi, but disagree whether this was the result of individual unauthorized practices by low-level officials , the policy of some regional government organizations, or an overall intention of the colonial government. Others argue that Koreans seeking to avoid discrimination by the Japanese voluntarily created Japanese-style family names.
Regardless, of Koreans living in Korea, the proportion of those who changed their given name reached only 9.6%. Among Koreans living in mainland of Japan, the proportion of those who created a new shi by individual selection reached 14.2%.
Restoration of original names
Name Restoration Order | |
Hangul | 조선 성명 복구령 |
---|---|
Hanja | 朝鮮姓名復舊令 |
Revised Romanization | Joseon Seongmyeong Bokguryeong |
McCune–Reischauer | Chosŏn Sŏngmyŏng Pokkuryŏng |
After the liberation of Korea from Japanese rule, the Name Restoration Order was issued on October 23, 1946, by the
Name registration of prominent individuals
Those who took a Japanese-style name
- Kim Suk-won (金錫源), a.k.a. Kaneyama Shakugen (金山錫源), Major General in the Imperial Japanese Army[9]
- Park Chung-hee (朴正熙), a.k.a. Takagi Masao (高木正雄), Lieutenant in the army of Manchukuo, later president of South Korea[10]
- Lee Myung-bak (李明博), a.k.a. Tsukiyama Akihiro (月山明博), former president of South Korea[11]
- Kim Dae-jung (金大中), a.k.a. Toyota Daiju (豊田大中), former president of South Korea
Those who retained their Korean-style name
- Hong Sa-ik (洪思翊), Lieutenant General in the Imperial Japanese Army[12]
- House of Representatives (see Japanese Wikipedia article)
- House of Peers (see Korean Wikipedia article)
- House of Peers
Timeline of family registration procedures in Korea
Year | Individual | Clan name; bon-gwan (本貫) and seong (姓)
|
Family name; ssi (氏) | First name; mei (名) | Full name/record |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prior to 1909: Recording in family register (族譜) (The family register was typically managed by the head of the clan; however, some citizens did not have a Seong) | Husband | Gimhae Kim (金海金)
|
None | Mu-Hyeon (武鉉) | Kim Mu-Hyeon (金武鉉) |
Wife | Gyeongju Yi (慶州李)
|
None | None | No record, as the woman's name was not recorded in the register (族譜) | |
1910 to 1940: Minseki law system (民籍法制定) | Husband | Gimhae Kim (金海金)
|
None | Mu-Hyeon (武鉉) | Seong and given name Kim Mu-Hyeon (金武鉉) |
Wife | Gyeongju Yi (慶州李)
|
None | Mu-a (撫兒) | Seong and given name Yi Mu-a (李撫兒) | |
1940 to 1945: sōshi-kaimei (the legal name, which used to be seong and given name, becomes ssi and given name) | In the case of a ssi created by law | ||||
Husband | Gimhae Kim (金海金)
|
Gim | Mu-Hyeon (武鉉) | Ssi and given name Kim Mu-Hyeon (金武鉉) | |
Wife | Gyeongju Yi (慶州李)
|
Gim | Mu-a (撫兒) | Ssi and given name Kim Mu-a (金撫兒) | |
In the case of a ssi created by the individual | |||||
Husband | Gimhae Kim (金海金)
|
Yamato (大和) | Takehiro (武鉉) | Ssi and given name Yamato Takehiro (大和武鉉) | |
Wife | Gyeongju Yi (慶州李)
|
Yamato (大和) | Nadeshiko (撫子) | Ssi and given name Yamato Nadeshiko (大和撫子) | |
After 1946 Name Restoration Order | Husband | Gimhae Kim (金海金)
|
None | Mu-Hyeon (武鉉) | Seong and given name Kim Mu-Hyeon (金武鉉) |
Wife | Gyeongju Yi (慶州李)
|
None | Mu-a (撫兒) | Seong and given name Yi Mu-a (李撫兒) |
- The application period for the creation of a ssi was limited to six months in length, while there was no time limit placed on the change of given name
- Children inherited their father's clan and family name
- Children of an unmarried woman inherited the woman's clan and family name
- Even if one married, the recorded native region and clan name could not be changed
- According to customary Korean law (now no longer followed), one can not marry a person of the same clan name and the same clan origin related within 6 or 8 degrees
See also
- Japanese name
- Korean name
- Koreans in Japan
- Ethnic issues in Japan
- Legislation on Chinese Indonesians
- Final Solution of the Czech Question
- Cultural genocide
Notes
- ^ In Korean, the family name is called either seong (성, 姓), ssi (씨, 氏) or seongssi (성씨, 姓氏).
- ^ 総督府令第124号「朝鮮人ノ姓名改称ニ関スル件」
- ^ Original quote: 「内地人ニ紛ハシキ姓名」
- ^ Mizuno, Naoki. "植民地支配と「人の支配」 (Colonial control and "human control")" (PDF). Kyoto University. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 22, 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-26.
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(help) - ^ Cho, Eui-seong. "朝鮮人の姓名 (Names of Koreans)". Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. Retrieved 2006-11-26.
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(help) - ^ Original quote: 「きたる7月20日迄に全戸数の氏届出を完了する様特段の配慮相成りたし」
- ^ Fukuoka, Yasunori (1996). "Beyond Assimilation and Dissimilation: Diverse Resolutions to Identity Crises among Younger Generation Koreans in Japan". Saitama University. Retrieved 2006-11-27.
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(help) - ^ Baek, Il-hyun (2005-09-14). "Scattered Koreans turn homeward". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on November 27, 2005. Retrieved 2006-11-27.
- ^ "General Kim Suk Won". Korea Web Weekly. 2002. Archived from the original on 2007-06-08. Retrieved 2006-11-26.
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(help) - ^ * Nagasawa, Masaharu (2001-11-23). 半島に渡った日本語・日本語文学 (in Japanese). Saga Women's Junior College. Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved 2006-11-25.
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(help) - ^ "이명박 선친의 성은 '쓰키야마(月山)'였다 (in Korean)". Hankook Ilbo. Archived from the original on 2012-03-19. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
- ^ Chun, Young-gi (2004-03-05). "War criminal, general, but still Korean". Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the original on March 24, 2006. Retrieved 2006-11-24.
References
- Mizuno, Naoki (February 2004). "『創氏改名』の実施過程について (About the implementation process of Sōshi-kaimei)". 朝鮮史研究会会報 (Proceedings of the Association for the Study of Korean History) (in Japanese). 154. Tokyo, Japan: National Informatics Institute. Retrieved 2006-11-25.
- Nagasawa, Masaharu (2001-11-23). 半島に渡った日本語・日本語文学 (in Japanese). Saga Women's Junior College. Archived from the original on 2007-02-10. Retrieved 2006-11-25.
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: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - "Korea under Japanese rule". Library of Congress Country Studies. Washington, D.C.: United States Library of Congress. 1982. Retrieved 2006-11-25.
- William, Wetherall (1981). "Public Figures in Popular Culture: Identity Problems of Minority Heroes". In Changsoo Lee; George De Vos (eds.). Koreans in Japan: Ethnic Conflict and Accommodation. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. Chapter 12, pp. 281–303 (text), 406–413 (notes). Footnote 16 gives bibliographic references for Korean perspectives on the Soshi-Kaimei policy.