Seil
Scottish Gaelic name | Saoil[1] |
---|---|
Cottages at Ellenabeich under the cliffs of Dùn Mòr | |
Location | |
OS grid reference | NM742172 |
Coordinates | 56°18′N 5°37′W / 56.30°N 5.62°W |
Physical geography | |
Island group | Slate Islands |
Area | 1,329 ha (5+1⁄8 sq mi) |
Area rank | 42 [2] |
Highest elevation | Meall Chaise, 146 m (479 ft) |
Administration | |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Country | Scotland |
Council area | Argyll and Bute |
Demographics | |
Population | 551[3] |
Population rank | 21 [2] |
Population density | 41.4/km2 (107/sq mi)[3] |
Largest settlement | Balvicar |
References | [4][5] |
Seil (
The origins of the island's name are unclear and probably pre-Gaelic. It was a part of the kingdom of
The "dangerous seas"[6] of the Firth of Lorn have claimed many lives and there are several shipwrecks in the vicinity of Seil. Kilbrandon Church has fine examples of stained glass windows and an association with St Brendan.
Etymology
There is some linguistic continuity between the earliest and modern names for many of the larger islands surrounding Scotland. However, the derivations of many of these names are obscure "suggesting that they were coined very early on, some perhaps by the earliest settlers after the Ice Age."[7] Even when names used both in the historic past and the present have some apparent meaning this may indicate a phonetic resemblance to an older name, but one that may be "so old and so linguistically and lexically opaque that we do not have any plausible referents for them."[8][Note 1]
The Ravenna Cosmography, which was compiled by an anonymous cleric in Ravenna around AD 700, mentions various Scottish island names. This document frequently used maps as a source of information and it has been possible to speculate about their modern equivalents based on assumptions about voyages made by early travellers 300–400 years prior to its creation. The island of Saponis mentioned in this list may refer to Seil.[10][Note 2]
Seil is probably a pre-Gaelic name,[1] although a case has been made for a Norse derivation.[12] It has also been argued that Seil could be the location of Hinba, an island associated with St Columba. Reasons include the island's association with St Brendan, its location on an inshore trade route from Antrim to the north and its suitability for a substantial settlement. The Muirbolcmar (great sea bag) referred to in texts about Hinba could refer to the Seil Sound and narrows at Clachan Bridge where the "bag" captures the rapidly flowing water that floods under the bridge. Rae, equating "Hinba" with the Gaelic Inbhir, notes that the adjacent mainland parish of Kilninver means "church of Inbhir" and suggests that the derivation of "Seil" may be of Scandinavian origin with similarities to the East Frisian place name Zijl or Syl meaning a "seep or passage of water". This, he proposes, could have been a Norse interpretation of Hinba/Inbhir.[13] However, Mac an Tàilleir notes that Kilninver or Cill an Inbhir "appears to mean 'church by the river mouth', and an older form of Cill Fhionnbhair, 'Finbar's church' appears".[14][Note 3]
It has also been suggested that Seil may be the Innisibsolian referred to in the
The earliest comprehensive written list of Hebridean island names was undertaken by
Geography
Seil is separated from mainland Scotland by the Clachan Sound, which is only about 21.3 metres (70 ft) at its narrowest point.
Seil forms part of Nether Lorn, a region of Argyll between Loch Awe and Loch Melfort that includes the offshore islands[20][21] located in the modern council area of Argyll and Bute. The highest point on the island is the summit of Meall Chaise at 146 m (479 ft) above sea level.[5]
Seil is some 7 miles (11 kilometres) miles from Oban, travelling north by road along the B844 and A 816.[5]
Balvicar, in the centre of the island, is the main settlement and has a harbour with commercial fishing boats, the island shop, and a golf club.[22] On the west side of the island lies the former slate-mining village of Ellenabeich. This village, known for its white slate worker's cottages, has attracted an "artist's colony"[4] and has a number of holiday cottages.
There are three other small settlements; Cuan at the southern tip, Oban Seil north of Balvicar and Clachan Seil, which is closest to the Clachan Bridge.[5]
Geology
The larger part of the bedrock of Seil is provided by the
History
The
In the mid-16th century Monro wrote of Seil: "Narrest this iyle layes Seill, thre myle of lenthe, ane half myle breidth, leyand from the southwest to the northeast, inhabit and manurit, guid for store and corne, pertaining to the Erl of Ergyle."[28][Note 6]
Ardfad Castle is a ruin in the northwest of Seil. It was the home of the
Seil then became part of the Netherlorn estates of the
Slate quarrying
In 1730 Colin Campbell of Carwhin was appointed as the Captain of Ardmaddy and tasked with exploiting the area's natural resources. At this time Easdale slate had been used from as early as the 12th century using seasonal labour from the Ardmaddy estate.[26] In 1745 Campbell created the Easdale Marble and Slate Company in order to place extractions from the area on a more commercial basis.[33] At that point Easdale was producing 1 million slates per annum; when Thomas Pennant visited two years later production had increased by 250% and as further quarries were opened this further increased the company's production to 5 million per annum by 1800.[34]
The little island of Eilean-a-beithich between Seil and Easdale was quarried down to a depth of 80 m (260 ft) and other slate quarries were opened on Luing and at Balvicar. Railway lines were laid to take the rock from the quarries to nearby harbours. Peak production was reached in the 1860s at 9 million slates per annum, with export destinations including England, Nova Scotia, the West Indies, the US, Norway and New Zealand. The 6th Earl of Breadalbane had less interest in the industry than his predecessors although during the time of the 7th Earl a new quarry was opened at Ardencaple.[35] However, disaster struck in 1881. In the early morning of 22 November a severe gale from the south-west wind and an exceptionally high tide flooded the quarries on Easdale and at Eilean-a-beithich "a large rocky buttress which supported a sea wall gave way under the excessive pressure of water".[36][37] Eilean-a-beithich was never re-opened although production did continue at Easdale, Luing and Balvicar. Changes in demand - clay tiles were rapidly replacing slate as the roofing material of choice - led to commercial production ceasing by 1911. Balvicar quarry re-opened from the late 1940s until the early 1960s[38] but slate is no longer mined anywhere in the Slate Islands.
Economy and transport
Today, the island's commerce is largely dependent on agriculture, tourism and lobster fishing.[39] The Ellenabeich Heritage Centre which opened in 2000, is run by the Slate Islands Heritage Trust. Located in a former slate quarry-worker's cottage, the centre has displays about life in the 19th century, slate quarrying and the local flora, fauna and geology.[40][19] Seil has been linked to the Scottish mainland since 1792/3 when the Clachan Bridge was built by engineer Robert Mylne. Also known as the "Bridge Over the Atlantic", the bridge was constructed with a 21.3 m (70 ft) span and has an arch 12.2 m (40 ft) above the sea bed in order to allow small craft of up to 40.6 t (40.0 long tons) to pass under it.[4][19]
Ferries sail from Ellenabeich to Easdale, and from Cuan to Luing across the Cuan Sound. This stretch of water is only 200 m (660 ft) wide but the spring tides race through it at up to 14.4 km/h (7.8 kn).[31] The Easdale ferry uses a chain and cog wheels designed by John Whyte in the mid 19th century.[41]
Religion
Seil is associated with the 6th century saint
Folklore and media
The well-known
Parts of Ring of Bright Water were filmed on Seil.[4][44]
Notable people
Alexander Beith Free Church Moderator spent about 4 years in this parish. Arthur Murray, 3rd Viscount Elibank and his wife, the actress Faith Celli, purchased property on Seil in the 1930s. They converted a row of derelict cottages into a substantial dwelling and created the 2 ha (5 acres) garden at An Cala, near Ellanabeich.[4][45]
The artist C. John Taylor lived at Ellanabeich for many years until his death in 1998.[46] His painting of the Clachan Bridge "Bridge Over The Atlantic" sold nearly a million copies.[47]
Frances Shand Kydd, the mother of Diana, Princess of Wales lived on the island for many years until her death in 2004.[48]
Shipwrecks
The Firth of Lorn is the seaway used by vessels going to and from Oban and
The wooden sailing ship Norval ran aground in fog near the southern tip of Insh on 20 September 1870. The wreckage was still visible in 1995.[49] On 15 August 1900 the 310 t (305 long tons) iron steamship Apollo ran aground on Bono Reef 2.4 km (1.5 mi) south west of Seil. She was carrying a cargo of granite cobble stones from Aberdeen to Newport. The wreck lies in a gully some 10 m (33 ft) down amidst thick kelp.[50] In February 1933 the Clyde puffer Hafton en route from Toboronochy on Luing to Mull sprung a leak and foundered about 14 km (9 mi) into the journey. The crew of five took to a small boat and reached Ellanabeich safely.[51] A wreck of unknown provenance has been recorded .5 km (0.3 mi) east of Rubha Garbh Airde at the northern end of Seil.[49]
Wildlife
In early summer the Clachan Bridge is covered in fairy foxgloves (Erinus alpinus).[4] The narrows that the bridge spans trapped a 23.8 m (78 ft) whale with a 6.4 m (21 ft) long lower jaw in 1835 and no fewer than 192 pilot whales in 1837, the largest of which was 8 m (26 ft) long.[4][19]
According to wildlife experts the entire
Gallery
-
Clachan Sound from Clachan Bridge, looking north
-
The flooded quarry and village of Ellenabeich with the outline of the former island of Eilean-a-beithich at centre left and Easdale beyond
-
Slate on the shoreline of Seil
-
Flooded slate quarry near Balvicar
-
The scattered settlement of Oban Seil
-
Balvicar Bay in winter, seen from mainland Scotland, looking towards the heights of Bàrr Mòr
Notes
- ^ Broderick is quoting Nicolaisen (1992) p. 2[9]
- ^ Youngson favours Jura as the location of Saponis.[11]
- ^ There are several other contenders for the location of Hinba, including Jura, Colonsay and Canna.
- ^ Haswell-Smith suggests that the name Seil is "probably" from the Gaelic sealg - the hunting island.[17]
- ^ Fraser bases this identification on the linguistic relationships between Salaich, the "flumen Sale" that appears in Adomnán's Vita Columbae and the modern Gaelic name for Seil of Saoil.
- ^ Translation into modern English: "Nearest this isle [of Lunga] lies Seill, three miles long, half a mile broad, oriented southwest to northeast, inhabited and fertilised, good for provisions and corn, [and] owned by the Earl of Argyle."
- ^ Haswell-Smith suggests that the name "may merely mark the site of a tailor's house".[17]
References
Citations
- ^ a b Mac an Tàilleir (2003), p. 104.
- ^ 2011 census.
- ^ a b National Records of Scotland (15 August 2013). "Appendix 2: Population and households on Scotland's Inhabited Islands" (PDF). Statistical Bulletin: 2011 Census: First Results on Population and Household Estimates for Scotland Release 1C (Part Two) (PDF) (Report). SG/2013/126. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Haswell-Smith (2004), pp. 76–78.
- ^ a b c d e f Ordnance Survey. OS Maps Online (Map). 1:25,000. Leisure.
- ^ Murray (1966), p. 76.
- ^ Broderick (2013), pp. 20–21.
- ^ Broderick (2013), p. 21.
- ^ Nicolaisen (1992), p. 2.
- ^ Fitzpatrick-Matthews (2013), "Group 34: islands in the Irish Sea and the Western Isles 1".
- ^ Youngson (2001), p. 62.
- ^ Rae (2011), p. 9.
- ^ Rae (2011), pp. 3–11.
- ^ Mac an Tàilleir (2003), p. 72.
- ^ Hudson (1998), p. 9.
- ^ Fraser (2009), p. 246.
- ^ a b Haswell-Smith (2004), p. 76.
- ^ Blaeu (1654), Lorna.
- ^ a b c d Murray (1977), p. 121.
- ^ "Nether Lorn". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
- ^ Fraser (2009), p. 245.
- ^ "Seil". Undiscovered Scotland. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
- ^ "Onshore Geoindex". British Geological Survey. British Geological Survey. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- ^ "Kilmartin, Scotland sheet 36, Bedrock and Superficial deposits". BGS large map images. British Geological Survey. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- ^ "Lismore, Scotland sheet 44(E), Solid Edition". BGS large map images. British Geological Survey. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
- ^ a b c Withall (2013), p. 5.
- ^ Fraser (2009), pp. 245–46.
- ^ Monro (1549), No. 32
- ^ a b "Seil, Ardfad Castle". Canmore. Retrieved 31 May 2020.
- ^ Withall (2013), p. viii.
- ^ a b Murray (1977), p. 123.
- ^ Duncan (2006), p. 156.
- ^ Withall (2013), p. 6.
- ^ Withall (2013), p. 7.
- ^ Withall (2013), pp. 7–9.
- ^ "Netherlorn and its Neighbourhood:Chapter II - Easdale" Electric Scotland Retrieved 18 March 2012.
- ^ "Slate Islands - The Islands that Roofed the World" Southernhebrides.com. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
- ^ Withall (2013), pp. 9–10.
- ^ Withall (2013), pp. 46–47.
- ^ "Ellenabeich Heritage Centre". Gazetteer for Scotland. Retrieved 25 July 2007.
- ^ Withall (2013), p. 41.
- ^ Murray (1977), p. 122.
- ^ Murray (1977), pp. 122–23.
- ^ "Ring of Bright Water (1969)". Scotland the Movie. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
- ^ Withall (2013), p. 46.
- ^ "C John Taylor: Poet/Artist/Composer". Highlandarts.co.uk. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
- ^ Murton (2017), p. 29.
- ^ "Obituary: Frances Shand Kydd". BBC. 3 June 2004. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
- ^ a b Baird (1995), p. 117.
- ^ Baird (1995), pp. 115.
- ^ Baird (1995), pp. 115–16.
- ^ " Police fear island's historic badger population has been exterminated" wildland-network.org.uk reporting Press and Journal article (25 April 2007). Aberdeen. Retrieved 18 February 2008. Archived 3 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "UK | Scotland | Glasgow and West | Officers hunt for badger baiters". BBC News. 23 April 2007. Retrieved 30 March 2012.
Bibliography
- Baird, Bob (1995), Shipwrecks of the West of Scotland, Glasgow: Nekton Books, ISBN 1897995024
- Broderick, George (2013), "The Journal of Scottish Name Studies", Some Island Names in the Former 'Kingdom of the Isles': a reappraisal, vol. 7
- Blaeu, Joan (1654), "Blaeu Atlas of Scotland (Theatrum Orbis Terrarum Sive Atlas Novus)", National Library of Scotland, retrieved 8 February 2014
- Duncan, P. J. (2006), "The Industries of Argyll: Tradition and Improvement", in Omand, Donald (ed.), The Argyll Book, Edinburgh: Birlinn, ISBN 1-84158-480-0
- Fitzpatrick-Matthews, Keith J (5 August 2013), Britannia in the Ravenna Cosmography: a reassessment, Academia.edu
- ISBN 978-0-7486-1232-1
- Haswell-Smith, Hamish (2004), The Scottish Islands, Edinburgh: Canongate, ISBN 978-1-84195-454-7
- Hudson, Benjamin T. (October 1998). "The Scottish Chronicle". Scottish Historical Review. 77 (204): 129–161. .
- Mac an Tàilleir, Iain (2003), Placenames (PDF), Pàrlamaid na h-Alba, retrieved 23 July 2010
- Monro, Sir Donald (1549) Description of the Western Isles of Scotland. William Auld. Edinburgh - 1774 edition.
- Murray, W. H. (1966). The Hebrides. London: Heinemann.
- ISBN 0002168138.
- ISBN 978-1-78027-467-6
- Nicolaisen, W.F.H. (1992), "Arran Place-Names: a fresh look", Northern Studies, 28
- Rae, Robert J. (2011), J Overnell (ed.), "A Voyage in Search of Hinba", Historic Argyll (16), Lorn Archaeological and Historical Society
- Withall, Mary (2013), Easdale, Benbecula, Luing & Seil: The Islands that Roofed the World, Edinburgh: Luath Press, ISBN 978-1-908373-50-2
- Youngson, Peter (2001), Jura: Island of Deer, Edinburgh: Birlinn, ISBN 1-84158-136-4