Shuar language
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|
| Shuar | |
|---|---|
| Shiwar chicham | |
| Native to | Shuar |
Native speakers | 35,000 (2007)[1] |
| |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | jiv |
| Glottolog | shua1257 |
| ELP | Shuar |
Shuar, which literally means "
.History
Twelve indigenous languages of Ecuador are spoken today, one of which is Shuar.[2]
The name "Shuar" shared among the people and their language first became known to the Spaniards in the 17th century. The Shuar language, as it stands today, is considered part of the Chicham (or Jivaroan) language family.[3]
Radio schools
The geographical remoteness within the Ecuadorian rainforest isolates the Shuar and has widely scattered the people from one another. As a result, in the late 1960s, radio schools were formed to promote communication and education in both Spanish and Shuar.
Phonology
Consonants
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n
|
ŋ | |
| Plosive | p | t
|
k | |
| Affricate | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||
| Fricative | s | ʃ | h | |
| Trill | r
|
|||
| Semivowel | j | w |
Vowels/Nasals
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i ĩ | ɨ ɨ̃ | u ũ |
| Open | a ã |
Literature
The
Sample text
The following text is an official translation of part of Article 2 of the
- Akánu 2.- ... Ecuador nunkanmanka apach chicham máshi chicháji; apach chicham, kichwa chicham, nuyá shuar chicham másh chichaktiniaiti anturnaikiatai tusar. Chíkich Tarimiat aents chichamen chichainia nuka núumtak nii nunkénink, chichasartatui, umiktin tana nuna umiak, chicham menkakaink tusa ii nunké arantuk, chichaktinian émtikiattui.
Translation in English: "Article 2.- ... Spanish is Ecuador's official language; Spanish, Kichwa and Shuar are official languages for intercultural ties. The other ancestral languages are in official use by indigenous peoples in the areas where they live and in accordance with the terms set forth by law. The State shall respect and encourage their preservation and use."
References
- ^ Shuar at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-81621-2.
- ^ Unrepresented Nations and People Organization (UNPO). "The Shuar, a Forgotten Indigenous Community in Ecuador".
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|url=(help)[1] - ^ a b "Constitución de la República del Ecuador en Shuar". issuu. 27 June 2011.
- Turner, Glen D. (1958): "Alternative phonemicizing in Jivaro", in International Journal of American Linguistics 24, 2, pp. 87–94.
External links
- Dryer, Matthew S.; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Shuar". World Atlas of Language Structures Online. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Shuar
- Shuar Language Guide
- The Bible in Shuar
| Official languages | |
|---|---|
| Indigenous languages | |
Spanish varieties | |
| Sign languages | |
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