Sporadic disease
In
In the discussion of
Examples
Sporadic infectious diseases
Examples depend on time and place, because an infectious disease that is common in one area may be rare in another.
In the United States, tetanus, rabies, and plague are considered examples of sporadic diseases. Although the tetanus-causing bacteria Clostridium tetani is present in the soil everywhere in the United States, tetanus infections are very rare and occur in scattered locations because most individuals have either received vaccinations or clean wounds appropriately. Similarly the country records a few scattered cases of plague each year, generally contracted from rodent animals in rural areas in the western part of the country.[6]
In another example,
Sporadic non-infectious diseases
Some examples of sporadic non-infectious diseases are
Potential source for an epidemic
If the conditions are favorable for its spread (
For example, in
In another example, the South Asian country of Bangladesh experienced sporadic cases of
Difficulty of measuring
Notes and references
Notes
- ^ According to Fullerton et al. 2012, pp. 281–292: "...sporadic cases do not necessarily share a single specific common contaminated source..."
References
- ^ Miller-Keane Encyclopedia and Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health (7th ed.), Saunders, 2003
- ^ Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice (3rd ed.), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2006, p. 72
- ^ Miquel Porta; John M. Last, eds. (2018), A Dictionary of Public Health (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press
- ^ Miquel Porta, ed. (2016), A Dictionary of Epidemiology (6th ed.), Oxford University Press, pp. 46–47
- ^ "Definition of sporadic cancer". cancer.gov. National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
- ^ "Disease and Epidemiology", Microbiology by OpenStax, XanEdu Publishing Inc, 2016, p. 699
- ^ WHO Malaria Terminology, World Health Organization, 2019, p. 30
- S2CID 214772371
- ^ a b Sifat Sharmin, Elvina Viennet, Kathryn Glass and David Harley (September 2015), "The emergence of dengue in Bangladesh: Epidemiology, challenges and future disease risk", Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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- ^ Lee W Riley (July 2019), "Differentiating Epidemic from Endemic or Sporadic Infectious Disease Occurrence", Microbiology Specrum, 7 (4)
Works cited
- Fullerton, Kathleen E.; Scallan, Elaine; Kirk, Martyn D.; Mahon, Barbara E.; Angulo, Frederick J.; de Valk, Henriette; van Pelt, Wilfrid; Gauci, Charmaine; Hauri, Anja M.; Majowicz, Shannon; O'Brien, Sarah J. (2012), "Case-Control Studies of Sporadic Enteric Infections: A Review and Discussion of Studies Conducted Internationally from 1990 to 2009", Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 9 (4): 281–292, PMID 22443481