Thalassina

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Thalassina
Temporal range: Miocene–Recent
Thalassina anomala
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Suborder: Pleocyemata
(unranked): Reptantia
Infraorder: Gebiidea
Family: Thalassinidae
Latreille, 1831
Genus: Thalassina
Latreille, 1806
Type species
Thalassina scorpionides
, 1806
Species

11 extant, 1 fossil species (see text)

Thalassina is a

prawn farms
.

Description

Thalassina is a lobster-like animal which grows up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long,[1] but is more typically 6–20 cm (2.4–7.9 in) long. Its colour ranges from pale to dark brown and brownish green.[2] The carapace is tall and ovoid, extends over less than one third of the animal's length, and projects forward into a short rostrum.[3] The tail is long and thin, and, like many burrowing decapods, the uropods are reduced in form, and do not form a functional tail fan with the telson.[4] Various rows of setae on the legs and gills are used to prevent sediment from reaching the gills and for expelling any which does reach them. Thalassina also makes use of "respiratory reversal" to keep the gills free of dirt.[5]

Distribution

Thalassina is found along the coast of the Asian mainland from Kerala, India to Vietnam, including Sri Lanka and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is also found throughout most of Maritime Southeast Asia and the Ryukyu Islands, and its range extends south to most of Australia's north coast (from the North West Cape in Western Australia to Central Queensland), and east to Fiji and Samoa.[3]

Ecology and behaviour

Thalassina lives in

prawn farms or fish farms.[1] The small-eyed goby, a species of herbivorous goby specialising in feeding on seagrass, shares the burrows of mud lobsters of the genus Thalassina.[7]

Use as food

In parts of its range, including

powdered form or steeped in alcohol, it is used in Thailand as a remedy for asthma.[3]

Fossil record

Thalassina anomala - Fossil

phosphatic nodule which is believed to be the animal's moulting position. Storms may trap the animals in their burrows, and the mineral-rich nature of the sediments leads to very rapid fossilisation.[9] The presence of Thalassina, together with other warm-water species in the Miocene of Japan (outside the current range of the species) is taken as confirmation of a period of increased temperatures 16 million years ago.[10]

Taxonomy

Thalassina is the only genus in the family Thalassinidae (=Scorpionoidae Haworth, 1825).[11][3] For many years, only a single species, Thalassina anomala, was recognised, but a 2009 revision by Nguyen Ngoc-Ho and Michèle de Saint Laurent increased the number of extant species to eight, including one fossil species.[12] Thalassinidae is classified in the infraorder Gebiidea, alongside the families Upogebiidae, Axianassidae and Laomediidae.[13][14]

Species

The extant species are:[13]

The fossil species, Thalassina emerii, is known from northern Australia, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia.[12]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 981-04-1308-4
    .
  2. ^ "Mangrove lobster (Thalassina squamifera)". Marine Life of the Dampier Archipelago. Western Australian Museum. 2006.
  3. ^
    ISBN 92-5-103027-8
    .
  4. ^ K. N. Sankolli (1970). "The Thalassinoidea (Crustacea, Anomura) of Maharashtra" (PDF). Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 67 (2): 235–249.
  5. JSTOR 1549290
    .
  6. ^ Ria Tan (2001). "Mud Lobster Thalassina anomala". Archived from the original on 2007-08-27.
  7. ^ Dianne J. Bray. "Austrolethops wardi". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  8. ^ W. N. Benson & H. J. Finlay (1950). "A post-Tertiary micro-fauna in a concretion containing Cancer novae-zealandiae". Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 78 (2–3): 269–270.
  9. ^ Eric Leif Peters (August 4, 2005). "Too young to be an old fossil?". Chicago State University. Archived from the original on June 8, 2004. Retrieved April 7, 2011.
  10. ^ H. Karasawa & I. Nishikawa (1991). "Thalassina anomala (Herbst, 1804) (Thalassinidea: Decapoda) from the Miocene Bihoku Group, southwest Japan". Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan. 163: 852–860.
  11. ^ "Thalassinidae Latreille, 1831". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  12. ^
    Raffles Bulletin of Zoology
    . Suppl. 20: 121–158.
  13. ^ a b "Thalassina Latreille, 1806". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2023.
  14. JSTOR 20107419
    .
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