The Wolf of Wall Street (2013 film)
The Wolf of Wall Street | |
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Directed by | Martin Scorsese |
Screenplay by | Terence Winter |
Based on | The Wolf of Wall Street by Jordan Belfort |
Produced by |
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Starring |
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Cinematography | Rodrigo Prieto |
Edited by | Thelma Schoonmaker |
Production companies |
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Distributed by | Paramount Pictures |
Release dates |
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Running time | 180 minutes[1] |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Budget | $100 million[2] |
Box office | $406.9 million[2] |
The Wolf of Wall Street is a 2013 American epic biographical black comedy crime film co-produced and directed by Martin Scorsese and written by Terence Winter, based on Jordan Belfort's 2007 memoir of the same name. It recounts Belfort's career as a stockbroker in New York City and how his firm, Stratton Oakmont, engaged in rampant corruption and fraud on Wall Street, leading to his downfall. The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio as Belfort, Jonah Hill as his business partner and friend, Donnie Azoff, Margot Robbie as his second wife, Naomi Lapaglia, Matthew McConaughey as his mentor and former boss Mark Hanna, and Kyle Chandler as FBI agent Patrick Denham. It is DiCaprio's fifth collaboration with Scorsese.
DiCaprio and Warner Bros. acquired the rights to Belfort's memoir in 2007, but production was halted due to content restrictions. It was later produced by the independent Red Granite Pictures. The film was shot in New York in late 2012, using mostly 35mm film stock.
The film premiered in New York City on December 17, 2013, and was released in the United States on December 25, 2013, by
The film's financing became implicated in the 1Malaysia Development Berhad corruption scandal; the U.S. Department of Justice and the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission investigated Red Granite Pictures, and producer Riza Aziz was arrested in 2019. He was discharged in May 2020 on a 1,000,000 Malaysian Ringgit (US$240,000) bail.[5]
The film received positive reviews (and some moral censure) from critics and appeared on several "best of the year" lists. It was
Plot
In 1987, 22-year-old
Jordan befriends his neighbor Donnie Azoff, and the two start their own boiler room-styled brokerage company. They recruit Jordan's childhood friends Robbie Feinberg, Alden Kupferburg, Nicky Koskoff, Chester Ming, and Toby Welch, as well as local drug pusher Brad Bonick, all of whom Jordan trains in the art of the "hard sell," and set up the company in an abandoned auto repair shop. Jordan's tactics and salesmanship largely contribute to the success of his pump and dump scheme, in which misleading, positive statements inflate a stock's price so it can be sold at an artificially high price. When the scheme's perpetrators sell their overvalued securities, the price plummets, and those who were conned into buying at the inflated price are left with stock that is suddenly worth much less than they paid for it. To cloak this, Jordan gives the firm the respectable-sounding name of Stratton Oakmont in 1989.
Soon after, the company becomes immensely successful, moving out of the auto repair shop into a bigger office. An exposé in Forbes, which dubs Jordan "The Wolf of Wall Street" – "a sort of twisted Robin Hood who takes from the rich and gives to himself and his merry band of brokers" – causes hundreds of ambitious young financiers to flock to the company, thus causing them to move into even bigger offices.
As all this is happening, Jordan becomes immensely successful, and slides into a decadent lifestyle of prostitutes and drugs. He has an affair with buxome blonde lingerie designer Naomi Lapaglia, and when his wife Teresa finds out about this, Jordan divorces her and marries Naomi in 1991. Meanwhile, the SEC and the FBI begin investigating Stratton Oakmont.
In 1993, Jordan illegally makes $22 million in three hours after securing the
Donnie and Brad soon get into a heated argument in public during a money exchange, resulting in Brad's arrest as Donnie escapes. Jordan learns from his private investigator Bo Dietl that the FBI is wiretapping his phones. Fearing for his son, Jordan's father Max advises him to leave Stratton Oakmont and lie low while Jordan's lawyer negotiates a deal to keep him out of prison. In the midst of his farewell speech, Jordan cannot bear to quit and talks himself into staying, to the immense support of his friends and employees.
In 1996, Jordan, Donnie, and their wives are on a yacht trip to Italy, when they learn that Emma has died of a heart attack. Jordan proceeds to Switzerland to forge her name and save the account before going to London for the funeral. To bypass the border patrols, he orders his yacht captain Ted to sail to Monaco, but their ship capsizes in a storm. After their rescue, the plane sent to take them to Geneva is destroyed when a seagull flies into the engine; Jordan takes this as a sign from God to address his worsening drug addiction and attempts to sober up.
In 1998, Saurel and Koskoff are arrested for an unrelated crime, the former informing the FBI about Jordan as a plea bargain. Since the evidence against him is overwhelming, Jordan agrees to gather evidence from the rest of his colleagues in exchange for leniency. After having sex for the last time, Naomi tells Jordan that she is divorcing him and wants full custody of their daughter and infant son. In a cocaine-fueled rage, Jordan punches Naomi and tries to drive away with his daughter, but crashes his car in the driveway.
Later, Jordan
Cast
- Leonardo DiCaprio as Jordan Belfort
- Jonah Hill as Donnie Azoff
- Margot Robbie as Naomi Lapaglia
- Matthew McConaughey as Mark Hanna
- Kyle Chandler as FBI Agent Patrick Denham
- Rob Reiner as Max Belfort
- Jon Bernthal as Brad Bonick
- Jon Favreau as Manny Riskin
- Jean Dujardin as Jean Jacques Saurel
- Joanna Lumley as Aunt Emma
- Cristin Milioti as Teresa Petrillo
- Christine Ebersole as Leah Belfort
- Shea Whigham as Captain Ted Beecham
- Katarina Čas as Chantalle
- P. J. Byrne as Nicky Koskoff ("Rugrat")
- Kenneth Choi as Chester Ming
- Brian Sacca as Robbie Feinberg ("Pinhead")
- Henry Zebrowski as Alden Kupferberg ("Sea Otter")
- Ethan Suplee as Toby Welch
In addition, cameos and smaller roles include Bo Dietl as himself, the real Jordan Belfort as the Auckland Straight Line host at the end of the film, Thomas Middleditch as a Stratton broker whose goldfish is eaten by Donnie for slacking off, Jake Hoffman as Steve Madden, Fran Lebowitz as The Honorary [sic] Samantha Stogel, Edward Herrmann as the voice over the Stratton Oakmont commercial at the beginning of the film, and an uncredited Spike Jonze as Dwayne, the head of the Long Island brokerage firm who introduces Belfort to the world of penny stocks.[6]
Production
Development
In 2007, DiCaprio and
In 2012, the independent company Red Granite Pictures greenlit the project without content restrictions. Soon after, Scorsese came back on board.[12] Red Granite Pictures also asked Paramount Pictures to distribute the film;[13] Paramount agreed to do so in North America and Japan, but passed on the rest of the international market, with Universal Pictures acquiring the film's international distribution rights.[14][15]
According to Belfort,[16] Random House asked him to tone down or excise the depictions of debauchery in his memoir before publication, especially those relating to his bachelor party, which featured zoophilia, and rampant use of drugs like nitrous oxide; neither the published memoir nor the film contains references to this.[17][failed verification]
In the film, most of the real-life characters' names have been changed from Belfort's original memoir. Donnie Azoff is based on
Filming
Filming began on August 8, 2012, in New York City.[30] Hill announced on Twitter that his first day of shooting was September 4, 2012.[31] Filming also took place in Closter, New Jersey, and Harrison, New York.[32][33] Vitamin D powder was used as the fake substance for cocaine in the film; Hill was hospitalized with bronchitis due to snorting large quantities during filming.[34]
Scorsese's longtime editor
Profanity
The film set a Guinness World Record for the most instances of swearing in a motion picture.[38] It uses the word "fuck" 506 times, "cunt" three times, "twat" twice, "fuckface" once, and "prick" four times, averaging 2.81 profanities per minute.[39][40][41] The previous record holders were Scorsese's previous gangster films Goodfellas (1990) and Casino (1995), which had respectively had 300 and 422 uses of the word; the 1993 film Menace II Society, which had 305 uses; the 1997 British film Nil by Mouth, which had 428; and the 1999 film Summer of Sam at 435.[38] The record has since been broken by Swearnet: The Movie, which uses the word 935 times, but it still holds the record for a major theatrical release.[42]
The film's distributor in the United Arab Emirates cut 45 minutes of scenes of swearing, religious profanity, drug use, sex, and nudity, and "muted" dialogue containing expletives. The National reported that filmgoers in the UAE believed the film should not have been shown rather than being edited so heavily.[43]
Release
Theatrical
The Wolf of Wall Street premiered at the
The film is banned in Kenya, Malaysia, Nepal, and Zimbabwe because of its scenes depicting sex and drugs and excessive profanity, and additional scenes have been cut in the versions playing in India. In Singapore, after cuts were made to a gay orgy scene as well as some religiously profane or denigrating language, the film was passed R21.[51][52]
The release of The Wolf of Wall Street marked a shift in cinema history when Paramount became the first major studio to distribute movies to theaters exclusively in a digital format, eliminating
Home media
The Wolf of Wall Street was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 25, 2014.[55] On January 27, 2014, it was announced that a four-hour director's cut would be attached to the home release.[56] Paramount later announced that the home release would feature only the original theatrical version.[57] A 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray was released on December 14, 2021.[58]
Reception
Box office
The Wolf of Wall Street grossed $116.9 million in the United States and Canada, and $289 million internationally, for a worldwide total of $406.9 million;[2] it is Scorsese's highest-grossing film.[59]
In the United States, the film finished in fifth place in its first weekend with $19.4 million from 3,387 theaters, for a five-day total of $34.2 million.[60] The film made $13.2 million (a drop of just 27.9%) and $8.8 million (33%) in its second and third weekends, finishing in fourth place both times.[61][62]
In Australia, it is the highest grossing R-rated film, earning $12.96 million.[63]
Critical response
On the
In 2016, the film was ranked #78 on the BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century list.[74] In 2017, Richard Brody named The Wolf of Wall Street the second-best film of the 21st century so far, behind Jean-Luc Godard's In Praise of Love.[75] In 2019, Brody named The Wolf of Wall Street the best film of the 2010s.[76]
Audience response
The film received an average grade of C on an A+ to F scale from audiences surveyed by CinemaScore,[77] the lowest rating of any film opening that week.[78] The Los Angeles Times suggested that the film's marketing may have attracted conservative viewers who expected a more moralistic tone than the film presents.[79]
Christina McDowell, daughter of Tom Prousalis, who worked closely with Belfort at Stratton Oakmont, wrote an open letter to Scorsese, DiCaprio, and Belfort, criticizing the film for insufficiently portraying the victims of Stratton Oakmont's financial crimes, disregarding the damage done to her family as a result, and giving celebrity status to people (Belfort and his partners, including her father) who do not deserve it.[80]
Steven Perlberg of
Former Assistant United States Attorney Joel M. Cohen, who prosecuted Belfort, criticized both the film and the book on which it is based. He said that he believes some of Belfort's claims were "invented": for instance, Belfort "aggrandized his importance and reverence for him by others at his firm." He strongly criticized the film for not depicting the "thousands of victims who lost hundreds of millions of dollars", not accepting the filmmakers' argument that it would have diverted attention from the wrongdoers. He deplored the ending—"beyond an insult" to Belfort's victims—in which the real Belfort appears, while showing "a large sign advertising the name of Mr. Belfort's real motivational speaking company", and a positive depiction of Belfort uttering "variants of the same falsehoods he trained others to use against his victims".[82]
Top ten lists
The Wolf of Wall Street was listed on many critics' top ten lists for films released in 2013,[83] and was chosen as one of the top ten films of the year by the American Film Institute.[84] Metacritic analysis found the film was the ninth-most mentioned film on "best of the year" film rankings[85] and the 22nd-most mentioned on "best of the decade" film rankings.[86]
- 1st – Sasha Stone, Awards Daily
- 1st – Stephen Schaefer, Boston Herald
- 1st – Richard Brody, The New Yorker (tied with To the Wonder)
- 2nd – Wesley Morris, Grantland
- 2nd – Mick LaSalle, San Francisco Chronicle
- 2nd – Ben Kenigsberg, The A.V. Club
- 3rd – James Berardinelli, Reelviews
- 3rd – MTV
- 3rd – Glenn Kenny, RogerEbert.com
- 3rd – Peter Travers, Rolling Stone
- 4th – Scott Feinberg, The Hollywood Reporter
- 4th – Drew McWeeny, HitFix
- 4th – Yahoo! Movies
- 4th – Christopher Orr, The Atlantic
- 4th – Barbara Vancheri, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
- 5th – Indiewire[87]
- 5th – Stephen Holden, The New York Times
- 5th – Rex Reed, The New York Observer
- 5th – Katey Rich, Vanity Fair
- 5th – David Chen, /Film
- 6th – TV Guide
- 7th – Matt Zoller Seitz, RogerEbert.com[88]
- 7th – Film School Rejects
- 7th – Todd McCarthy, The Hollywood Reporter
- 7th – Scott Tobias, The Dissolve
- 7th – Scott Mantz, Access Hollywood
- 7th – Mark Mohan, The Oregonian
- 7th – Sam Adams, The A.V. Club
- 8th – Nathan Rabin, The Dissolve
- 8th – Bill Goodykoontz, Arizona Republic
- 8th – Randy Myers, San Jose Mercury News
- 9th – Joe Neumaier, New York Daily News
- 10th – Andrew O'Hehir, Salon.com
- 10th – Jessica Kiang and Katie Walsh, Indiewire
- 10th – A.O. Scott, The New York Times
- 10th – Rene Rodriguez, Miami Herald
- 10th – Marjorie Baumgarten, Austin Chronicle
- 10th – Keith Uhlich, Time Out New York
- Top 10 – (unranked top 10 lists)
- Top 10 – James Verniere, Boston Herald
- Top 10 – Stephen Whitty, The Star-Ledger
- Top 10 – Joe Williams, St. Louis Post-Dispatch
Controversies
Use of animals
The Wolf of Wall Street uses animals, including a chimpanzee, a lion, a snake, a fish, and dogs.[89] The chimpanzee and the lion were provided by the Big Cat Habitat wildlife sanctuary in Sarasota County, Florida. The four-year-old chimpanzee Chance spent time with DiCaprio and learned to roller skate in three weeks. The sanctuary also provided a lion named Handsome because the trading company depicted in the film used a lion as its symbol.[90] Danny Porush denied that there were any animals in the office, although he admitted to eating an employee's goldfish.[91]
In December 2013, before the film premiered, the organization Friends of Animals criticized the use of the chimpanzee and organized a boycott of the film. Variety reported, "Friends of Animals thinks the chimp ... suffered irreversible psychological damage after being forced to act."[92] The Guardian commented on the increasing criticism of Hollywood's use of animals, writing, "The Wolf of Wall Street's use of a chimpanzee arrives as Hollywood comes under ever-increasing scrutiny for its employment of animals on screen". PETA also launched a campaign to highlight mistreatment of ape "actors" and to petition for DiCaprio not to work with great apes.[91]
1MDB scandal
In 2015, Red Granite Pictures and the film's financing became implicated in the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal, a major international corruption scandal that began in Malaysia.[93] The Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) alleged the film was financed by money producer Riza Aziz stole from the Malaysian 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) sovereign wealth fund. Aziz is the stepson of then-Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak. Aziz was arrested in connection with the scandal and pleaded not guilty to money laundering charges in July 2019.[94] According to court filings, a company owned by fugitive businessman Jho Low gave the film's producers a $9 million advance.[95] Low was given a "special thanks" in the film's credits.[93]
The film is part of a broader investigation into these illicit monetary movements, and in 2016 was named in a series of civil complaints the United States Department of Justice filed "for having provided a trust account through which hundreds of millions of dollars belonging to the 1MDB fund were illicitly siphoned".[96][97][98] To settle the civil lawsuit, Red Granite Pictures agreed to pay the U.S. government $60 million with no "admission of wrongdoing or liability on the part of Red Granite".[99] This settlement was part of a more expansive U.S. effort to seize approximately $1.7 billion in assets allegedly purchased with funds embezzled from 1MDB.[99] In January 2020, Belfort sued Red Granite for $300 million, also wishing to void his rights deal; he said that he would never have sold the rights to Red Granite if he had known how the film was being financed.[100][101] Aziz was discharged in May 2020 on a 1,000,000 Malaysian Ringgit (US$240,000) bail.[5]
Thematic controversy and debate
Various people have criticized the film as materialistic, encouraging greedy behavior,
After DiCaprio defended himself from criticism, Variety journalist Whitney Friedlander called the film "three hours of cash, drugs, hookers, repeat" and argued that the film is a "celebration of this lifestyle" and implies that short-lived extreme wealth and extraordinary experiences are superior to normal behavior.[103]
Nikole TenBrink, vice president of marketing and membership at Risk and Insurance Management Society, has said the film is a "cautionary tale of what can happen when fraud is left unchecked". She describes Belfort's business acumen, his talent in communicating and selling his ideas, and his ability to motivate others as offering "valuable lessons for risk professionals as they seek to avoid similar pitfalls".[104]
Belfort's reaction
Belfort said of the film's depiction of himself and Stratton Oakmont that it did an excellent job at describing the "overall feeling" of those years, adding, "the camaraderie, the insanity, that was accurate". Of his drug use, Belfort said that his actual habits were "much worse" than is depicted in the film and that he was "on 22 different drugs at the end".[105]
Belfort also analyzed the inaccuracies in the film's oversimplification of Stratton Oakmont's gradual transition from advocating for "speculative stocks" in order to "help build America" to committing crimes. He said he "didn't like hearing" overly simplified and blunt depictions of his crimes because "it made me look like I was just trying to rip people off". But Belfort did acknowledge the cinematic benefits of these oversimplifications as "a very easy way in three hours" to "move the audience emotionally".[105]
Nadine Macaluso's reaction
On September 28, 2022, Nadine Macaluso, Belfort's ex-wife on whom the character Naomi was based, said that the depiction of Belfort and their relationship was accurate and that she hopes to educate people on signs of domestic abuse and toxic relationships.[106]
Accolades
The film was nominated for five
Soundtrack
The film's soundtrack features both original and preexisting music tracks. It was released on December 17, 2013, for digital download.
See also
- The Wolf of Wall Street (1929 film)
- Scam 1992
- The Big Bull
- Boiler Room (film)
- Gordon Gekko
- Microcap stock fraud
- List of films that most frequently use the word fuck
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