Ticket machine
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A ticket machine, also known as a ticket vending machine (TVM), is a
Ticket and fare formats
For most of the twentieth century, ticket machines issued paper tickets, or tokens worth one fare each. Later, fare value was loaded onto stored-value cards (first paper, later smart cards). Passengers could load any amount within a range; it did not necessarily have to correspond to any particular single fare. The cards could be reloaded until their expiration date, again with any monetary amount within a given range.
To encourage usage of ticket machines and reduce the need for salespersons, machine prices may in some cases be lower than those at a ticket counter.
Timeline
- 1904: first self-service ticket machines on the Central London Railway, now part of London Underground[1]
- 1954: tokens in machines from day one[2]
- 1977: San Diego-based airline PSA introduces vending machines for airline tickets[3]
Staff-operated machines
Mechanical ticket machines were used by bus drivers and conductors since the late 1920s. Their functions may include printing tickets, recording of sales and payments. Some manufacturers are MicroFx,
).Since the 1970s (jobs), electronic computer terminals and printers are used.
Handheld ticket machines are used on buses in India to sell tickets, validate smart cards and renew passes.[4] These machines replaced the earlier manual fare collection system where tickets were often punched to indicate journey and fare stages.[5]
Enforcement
In many countries where trains and urban transport tickets operate largely on the
Issues
Ticket machines that are out of service or accept 'exact change only' result in losses for transport providers. Ticket machines on trams in Melbourne, for example, often run out of change when passengers use a higher ratio of $2 and 50c coins, depleting the ticket machine of smaller coin denominations (10c, 20c).[citation needed]
Applications
Ticket machines are also often used for amusement parks, cinemas (in those cases sometimes called
Gallery
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A ticket and Presto card top-up machine at a suburban train station in Toronto
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A ticket machine at the Jordanhill railway station in Scotland
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Ticket Machine in Olomouc, Czech Republic
See also
- List of tram and light-rail transit systems
- Self service
- Ticketing kiosk
References
- ^ M. A. C. Home, Automatic Fare Collection on the London Underground and London Buses, Chapter 3
- ^ "A brief history of TTC tokens".
- ISBN 9781439650028.
- Times of India. Mumbai. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
- ^ Sheth, Priya (4 August 2011). "The coloured bus ticket is now a collectible!". The Hindu. Mumbai. Retrieved May 10, 2015.
- ^ "[Vending machine powerhouse Japan! ] How to use a ticket machine that foreigners do not know".
External links
- Winchester, Clarence, ed. (1936), "Ticket and change machines", Railway Wonders of the World, pp. 471–474 Illustrated description of these machines on the London Underground
- Financial Self Service Kiosk Solutions and Online Banking Services, Electronic Kiosks, 2014, retrieved February 20, 2014 - Financial services Kiosk