Rail replacement bus service
A rail replacement bus service uses
Terms for a rail replacement bus service include bustitution (a
Examples
Australia
In Australia, a permanent or temporary rail replacement service change is often referred to as bustitution.[5]
In November 1941, the
The Sydney Metro Northwest line used human-driven single-deck buses late at night from Wednesdays to Sundays and operated a red Metro bus-like service with a frequency of approximately every 10 minutes until November 2019. That measure was in place since the line was deemed "ready" 10 months ahead of schedule.[9]
On the
Canada
Via Rail, the operator of the national passenger rail network, uses the term "bustitution" to refer to rail replacement with buses.[1]
China
After the train collision on Changping line, Beijing Subway between Xi'erqi station and Life Science Park station on 14 December 2023, train services between Zhuxinzhuang and Xi'erqi were temporarily suspended on the following day. Beijing Public Transport provided free shuttle bus services between Zhuxinzhuang and Xi'erqi.[11]
Czech Republic
Substitute bus transport (Czech: náhradní autobusová doprava) is governed by the Road Traffic Act (111/1994 Coll.), which allows the operator of a national, regional, tram, trolleybus or special line to operate substitute transport for up to 90 days in the case of interrupted or temporarily-restricted traffic on the line without the requirement to apply for a bus line license and have approval of the line's schedule. The law also mandates vehicles used for substitute transport to be marked as such.
In municipal public transport, substitute transport often takes on the number of the line that it replaces, prefixed by the letter X, and the original line is detoured. In cities with trolleybus systems, rail replacement buses also occasionally used for substitute transport and is then called substitute trolleybus transport (Czech: náhradní trolejbusová doprava).
Ireland
As in the United Kingdom, buses have replaced rail services on closed lines. The most recent example can be found in County Wexford. where upon the suspension of rail services between Rosslare Europort and Waterford in 2010, Bus Éireann route 370 was introduced. However, the bus takes considerably longer than the train journey and fails to serve Waterford railway station.[12]
Japan
Busses have replaced rail in Japan when rail service must be suspended because of disaster, accident, economics, or engineering works. Notably, in some cases. those rail lines are closed permanently, and some of the former
New Zealand
When train services operated by Transdev in Auckland train services are sometimes replaced by a bus, the resulting service is called Rail Bus.[14] Historically, New Zealand Railways Road Services replaced many train routes with buses.[citation needed]
Sweden
While the reconstruction of
Sometimes, buses can be seen running on line 7, the Spårväg City tram line, even when trams are running normally.
In the night after 01:00, there is no service on the Stockholm Metro and the commuter rail, and night buses run along the line instead.
United Kingdom
During the
Rail replacement bus services have been used to operate parliamentary train services.
- When North London Railways services between Watford Junction and Croxley Green were withdrawn in March 1996, to avoid the legal complications and costs of actual closure, train services were replaced by buses. The service was withdrawn when the branch was formally closed in September 2003.[18]
- After the withdrawal of Central Trains services between Stafford and Stoke-on-Trent, to facilitate the West Coast Main Line upgrade at the request of the Strategic Rail Authority in May 2003, BakerBus route X1 was introduced to serve Norton Bridge, Stone, Barlaston and Wedgwood stations.[19][20] When the train service was reintroduced by London Midland in December 2008, only Stone regained a rail service, and the other stations continued to be served by route X1.[21][22] In October 2017, the Department for Transport (DfT) declared Norton Bridge station closed but continued the partial funding of the replacement bus service until March 2019.[23][24] As of 2023, Barlaston and Wedgwood stations continue to be served by D&G Bus replacement route 100. The DfT funds the contractual service while it seeks a solution to demands for the restoration of the train service. The bustitution existed for 19 years, as of 2023.
- After the withdrawal of services by Ealing Broadway and Wandsworth Road, a replacement weekly bus service was introduced.[25][26] The service ceased in June 2013, after a formal closure process had been completed.[27][28]
United States
Rail-replacement bus services occurred on a large scale after the dismantling of the
The temporary substitution of buses for trains may be done with Amtrak's Amtrak Thruway service.[31]
The
Singapore
An incident occurred in Singapore on 7 July 2015 after a mass shutdown on the North–South and East–West lines after a power system failure. The operator SMRT and the rival SBS Transit did not activate bus bridging but made all buses free islandwide because of the sheer scale of the disruptions.[32][33] The Land Transport Authority made travel free available for any bus services passing MRT stations that were affected during the train disruptions, and during a massive disruption affecting at least two lines, bus travel islandwide was made free.[33]
Urban transit
Rail-replacement bus services are common among
Planning rail-replacement services in a high-patronage environment, such as a high-capacity rapid transit network, requires efficient use and management of time and resources to prevent major travel disruptions. Thats was exemplified by a July 2015 shutdown on the Toronto subway during rush hour from a communication system breakdown in which the Toronto Transit Commission opted not to use replacement buses, as "it wasn't possible to replace the entire subway's capacity with buses".[35]
See also
- Abandonment (legal) § Abandonment of public transportation systems
- Beeching cuts, an example of bus service replacing rail service
- Bus rapid transit
- Effects of the car on societies
- Rail trail
- Transport economics
References
- ^ a b "Definition of bustitution". Macmillan Publishers Ltd.
- ^ 'Limited MTA service backj Thursday' on New York Daily News website, viewed 9 July 2013
- ^ An example appears in a 2009 editorial. See: Parker, Christopher (19 January 2009). "Statement on the bustitution of the Ethan Allen Express". Vermont Rail Action Network. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2009.
- ^ Weyrich, Paul M. and William S. Lind (May 1999). "Does Transit Work? A Conservative Reappraisal" (PDF). American Public Transportation Association. Retrieved 7 September 2016.
- ISSN 0155-8234. Retrieved 22 June 2009.
- ^ Royal Commission into the Management, Workings & Control of the Western Australian Government Railways Government of Western Australia December 1947 page 92
- ^ WAGR buses shift 360,000 in a year The Sunday Times 28 August 1949 page 3
- ^ Annual Report for the year ended 30 June 2003 Western Australian Government Railways Commission
- ^ "NSW Budget: $12 billion for metro rail revolution | Sydney Metro". www.sydneymetro.info. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
- ^ Route 649 TransLink
- ^ "北京地铁昌平线今日分段运营,地铁站外开通摆渡专线" (in Chinese). Beijing Daily App. 15 December 2023. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ JR気仙沼線の線路跡、バス専用道一部完成 Nikkei
- ^ "How to use a railbus". Auckland Transport, assessed 7 July 2013
- ISBN 0-948135-48-4.
- ^ Luke, Dylan; Steer, Jim; White, Peter. "3.0 – Case studies: single route Interurban Bus services". Interurban Bus: Time to raise the profile (PDF) (Report). Greengauge21. pp. 21–23. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- ^ Luke, Dylan; Steer, Jim; White, Peter. "3.0 – Case studies: single route Interurban Bus services". Interurban Bus: Time to raise the profile (PDF) (Report). Greengauge21. p. 23. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- ^ Croxley Green LNWR Branch Passenger Closure Rail Chronology
- ^ "Stations close to trains". BBC News. 16 May 2003. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
- ^ "Fewer buses for Barlastan". The Stone & Eccleshall Gazette. 13 November 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
- ^ New Timetable Means New Services for Stoke Network Rail 14 December 2008
- ^ Stone station is re-opened The Railway Magazine issue 1294 February 2009 page 64
- ^ Summary to the responses to consultation to proposed closure of Norton Bridge Station. Department for Transport 2017
- ^ Closure Ratification Notice – Norton Bridge Station Office of Rail & Road 26 October 2017
- ^ Swaine, Jon (7 January 2009). "Government runs 'ghost bus' to avoid admitting it scrapped rail service". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
- Office of Rail Regulation10 May 2012
- ^ "'Ghost bus' makes final journey". ITV News. 11 June 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2018.
- ^ Last Olympia – Wandsworth Road Today's Railways UK issue 140 August 2013 page 19
- ^ An example from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, may be seen in a picture caption: "Motor Coaches of The Brew City". Retrieved 21 June 2009.
- Shoreline Trolley Museum. 14 October 2001. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
- ^ "Thruway Motorcoach Service and Accessibility". Amtrak. Retrieved 21 June 2009.
- ^ "SMRT to be fined a record S$5.4m for July 7 MRT breakdown". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
- ^ a b "Free bus services during extended MRT disruption". www.mot.gov.sg. Ministry of Transport, Singapore. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
- ^ "NYC DOT and MTA/NYCT to Establish Dedicated Shuttle Bus Routes Between Brooklyn and Midtown Manhattan as Storm Repairs Continue". New York City Department of Transportation (Press release). 31 October 2012.
- ^ "Toronto subway shutdown causes early-morning commuter chaos". CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. 8 June 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
External links
- Media related to Rail substitute bus transport at Wikimedia Commons
- The dictionary definition of bustitution at Wiktionary