Transition metal silyl complexes

Add links
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

In chemistry, transition metal silyl complexes describe

organosilicon compounds
.

Synthesis

From silyl halides

The first examples were prepared by treatment of sodium cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl with trimethylsilyl chloride:[2]

(C5H5)Fe(CO)2Na + Me3SiCl → (C5H5)Fe(CO)2SiMe3 + NaCl

A related reaction is the oxidative addition of silyl halides.

From hydrosilanes

Oxidative addition of hydrosilane, showing proposed intermediate.

Hydrosilanes oxidatively add to low-valent metal complexes to give silyl metal hydrides. Such species are assumed to be intermediates in hydrosilylation catalysis
. The oxidative addition is preceded by the association of the intact hydrosilane with the unsaturated metal center, affording a sigma-silane complex, as discussed below.

Sigma bond metathesis can occur when hydrosilanes are treated with early metals alkyls. Using the Petasis reagent, a cyclic dititanium complex is produced with elimination of methane
(Me = CH3, Ph = C6H5):

2 (C5H5)2TiMe2 + 2 Ph2SiH2 → [(C5H5)2TiSiPh2]2 + 4 MeH

Oxidative addition of Si-Si bonds

Low valent metals insert into the Si-Si bond of disilanes. The main limitation of this reaction is the paucity of disilanes as reagents.

Silyl complexes with Si-Si bonds

Beyond simple ligands like SiR3-, silyl ligands with Si-Si bonds are known. (C5H5)Fe(CO)2-SiMe2SiPh3 is one example (Me = CH3, Ph = C6H5).[3] Another example is the metalacycle derived from titanocene dichloride, (C5H5)2Ti(SiPh2)5.[4]

Silane complexes

picometer.[5]

Transition metal silane complexes are

ligands. An early example is (MeC5H4)Mn(CO)2(η2-HSiPh3) (Ph = C6H5).[6]

The bonding in silane sigma complexes is similar to that invoked in agostic interactions. The metal center engages the Si-H entity via a 3-center, 2-electron bond. It is widely assumed that these sigma complexes are intermediates in the oxidative addition of hydrosilanes to give metal silyl hydrides. This transformation is invoked in hydrosilylation catalysis.

Evidence for sigma-silane complexes is provided by

proton NMR spectroscopy. For (MeC5H4)Mn(CO)2(η2-HSiPh3), J(29Si,1H) = 65 Hz compared to 180 Hz in free diphenylsilane. In silyl hydride complexes, the coupling in about 6 Hz. Neutron diffraction studies reveal a Si-H distance of 1.802(5) Å in the corresponding η2-HSiFPh2 complex vs 1.48 Å in free HSiFPh2. Elongated Si-H bonds are characteristic of these sigma complexes.[7]

References

  1. S2CID 98200527
    .
  2. S2CID 5828269
    .
  3. doi:10.1016/0022-328X(83)80075-8
    .
  4. doi:10.1016/0022-328X(89)88025-8
    .
  5. doi:10.1016/S0022-328X(00)98993-9
    .
  6. PMID 21250634
    .
  7. doi:10.1016/s0065-3055(05)53006-5
    .
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transition_metal_silyl_complexes&oldid=1214843499"