Tutush I

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Tutush I
Sultan of Aleppo
Reign1094–1095
PredecessorAq Sunqur al-Hajib
SuccessorFakhr al-Mulk Ridwan
Died25 February 1095
Ray, Seljuk Empire
SpouseSafwat ul-Mulk Khatun
Issue
Names
Abu Sa'id Taj al-Dawla Tutush
Persian nameأبو سعيد تاج الدولة تتش
HouseSeljuk dynasty
FatherAlp Arslan
ReligionSunni Islam

Abu Sa'id Taj al-Dawla Tutush (

Arabic: أبو سعيد تاج الدولة تتش السلجوقي; died 25 February 1095) or Tutush I, was the Seljuk emir of Damascus from 1078 to 1092, and sultan
of Damascus from 1092 to 1094.

Years under Malik Shah

Tutush was a brother of the Seljuk sultan

Mirdasid emir Sabiq ibn Mahmud, and began a three-month-long siege of the city.[2]

In 1078/9, Malik-Shah sent him to

Biza'a and Azaz.[5] He later influenced Sabiq to cede the emirate to the Uqaylid emir Muslim ibn Quraysh "Sharaf al-Dawla".[6]

The headman in Aleppo, Sharif Hassan ibn Hibat Allah Al-Hutayti, currently under siege by Suleiman ibn Qutalmish, promised to surrender the city to Tutush.[7] Suleiman was a distant member of the Seljuk dynasty who had established himself in Anatolia and was trying to expand his rule to Aleppo, having captured Antioch in 1084. Tutush and his army met Suleiman's forces near Aleppo in 1086.[8] In the ensuing battle of Ain Salm, Suleiman's forces fled, Suleiman was killed and his son Kilic Arslan captured.[8] Tutush attacked and occupied Aleppo except for the citadel in May 1086, he stayed until October and left for Damascus due to the advance of Malik-Shah's armies. The Sultan himself arrived in December 1086, then he appointed Aq Sunqur al-Hajib as the governor of Aleppo.[8] Tutush finished the construction of the Citadel of Damascus, a project begun under the direction of Atsiz.

Struggle for Sultanate

Tutush took control of Syria in 1092, following the death of his brother, Malik-Shah, naming himself sultan.

Barkiyaruq. However, Tutush along with Yağısıyan of Antioch launched an attack against the dissidents, whom he managed to defeat at Tell Sultan in June–July 1094.[9] Bozan and Aq Sunqur were killed,[10] meanwhile Kerbogha was taken prisoner to Homs
.

Tutush, along with his general the

Kakuyid Ali ibn Faramurz, headed east until he reached Hamadan, where Barkiyaruq had withdrawn to Isfahan. However, Tutush was shortly defeated in a battle against Berkyaruq's forces near Ray, where he and Ali were killed on 25 February 1095.[11] Tutush was decapitated and his head was displayed in Baghdad.[3]

Tutush's younger son

Duqaq then inherited Damascus, whilst Ridwan received Aleppo, splitting their father's realm.[12] His youngest son Irtash
was briefly ruler of Damascus in 1104.

References

  1. ^ Zakkar 1969, p. 200.
  2. ^ Zakkar 1969, pp. 200–201.
  3. ^ a b c d Flood 2001, p. 145.
  4. ^ a b Zakkar 1969, p. 202.
  5. ^ Zakkar 1969, pp. 203–204.
  6. ^ Bianquis 2012, pp. 115–123.
  7. ^ Ibn al-Athir 2002, p. 223.
  8. ^ a b c Grousset 1970, p. 154.
  9. ^ Bosworth 2010, p. 68.
  10. ^ Maalouf 1985, p. 271.
  11. ^ Peacock 2015, p. 76.
  12. ^ Bosworth 1968, p. 108.

Sources

  • ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2
    .
  • ISBN 0-521-06936-X
    .
  • Bosworth, C. E. (2010). The History of the Seljuq State. Routledge.
    ISBN 9781136897436
    .
  • Flood, Finbarr B. (2001). "A Group of Reused Byzantine Tables as Evidence for Seljuq Architectural Patronage in Damascus". Iran. 39: 145–154.
    JSTOR 4300602
    .
  • Grousset, René (1970). The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia. Translated by Walford, Naomi. Rutgers University Press.
  • Ibn al-Athir (2002). The Annals of the Saljuq Turks. Translated by Richards, D.S. Routledge.
  • Maalouf, Amin (1985). The Crusades Through Arab Eyes. Schocken.
  • ISBN 9780748638260
    .
  • Zakkar, Suheil (1969). The Emirate of Aleppo 392/1002–487/1094 (PDF) (PhD). London: University of London.
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Atsiz ibn Uvaq
 Emir of Damascus
1079–1095 		Succeeded by
Duqaq
Preceded by
Sultan of Aleppo

1094–1095 		Succeeded by
Radwan ibn Tausch
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