United States Geological Survey National Volcanic Threat Assessment

The United States Geological Survey National Volcanic Threat Assessment is a report containing a ranked list of active volcanoes in the United States posing hazardous risks to the American population.^[1] The report was published by the United States Geological Survey in 2005^[2] and revised in 2018.^[3]

2018 list

The 2018 ranked list of hazardous volcanoes in the United States below is based on a 24-factor scoring matrix used to calculate overall threat scores and aviation threat scores.^[1]

Rank	Volcano	State	Overall threat score	Aviation threat score	Coordinates
1	Kīlauea	Hawaii	263	48	19°25′30″N 155°17′31″W / 19.425°N 155.292°W / 19.425; -155.292
2	Mount St. Helens	Washington	235	59	46°12′N 122°11′W / 46.2°N 122.18°W / 46.2; -122.18
3	Mount Rainier	Washington	203	37	46°52′12″N 121°45′29″W / 46.87°N 121.758°W / 46.87; -121.758
4	Redoubt Volcano	Alaska	201	48	60°29′06″N 152°44′31″W / 60.485°N 152.742°W / 60.485; -152.742
5	Mount Shasta	California	178	39	41°25′N 122°12′W / 41.42°N 122.2°W / 41.42; -122.2
6	Mount Hood	Oregon	178	30	45°22′26″N 121°41′38″W / 45.374°N 121.694°W / 45.374; -121.694
7	Three Sisters	Oregon	165	30	44°07′59″N 121°46′01″W / 44.133°N 121.767°W / 44.133; -121.767
8	Akutan Island	Alaska	161	47	54°08′02″N 165°59′10″W / 54.134°N 165.986°W / 54.134; -165.986
9	Makushin Volcano	Alaska	161	47	53°53′28″N 166°55′23″W / 53.891°N 166.923°W / 53.891; -166.923
10	Mount Spurr	Alaska	160	48	61°17′56″N 152°15′04″W / 61.299°N 152.251°W / 61.299; -152.251
11	Lassen volcanic center	California	153	32	40°29′31″N 121°30′29″W / 40.492°N 121.508°W / 40.492; -121.508
12	Augustine Volcano	Alaska	151	48	59°21′47″N 153°25′48″W / 59.363°N 153.43°W / 59.363; -153.43
13	Newberry Volcano	Oregon	146	30	43°43′19″N 121°13′44″W / 43.722°N 121.229°W / 43.722; -121.229
14	Mount Baker	Washington	139	15	48°46′37″N 121°48′47″W / 48.777°N 121.813°W / 48.777; -121.813
15	Glacier Peak	Washington	135	37	48°06′43″N 121°06′47″W / 48.112°N 121.113°W / 48.112; -121.113
16	Mauna Loa	Hawaii	131	4	19°28′30″N 155°36′29″W / 19.475°N 155.608°W / 19.475; -155.608
17	Crater Lake	Oregon	129	37	42°56′N 122°07′W / 42.93°N 122.12°W / 42.93; -122.12
18	Long Valley Caldera	California	129	29	37°42′N 118°52′W / 37.7°N 118.87°W / 37.7; -118.87
19	Mount Okmok	Alaska	117	47	53°26′N 168°08′W / 53.43°N 168.13°W / 53.43; -168.13
20	Iliamna Volcano	Alaska	115	34	60°01′55″N 153°05′24″W / 60.032°N 153.09°W / 60.032; -153.09
21	Yellowstone caldera	Wyoming	115	27	44°26′N 110°40′W / 44.43°N 110.67°W / 44.43; -110.67
22	Aniakchak Crater	Alaska	112	41	56°53′N 158°10′W / 56.88°N 158.17°W / 56.88; -158.17
23	Hualālai	Hawaii	109	27	19°41′31″N 155°52′12″W / 19.692°N 155.87°W / 19.692; -155.87
24	Mono-Inyo Craters	California	106	29	37°53′N 119°00′W / 37.88°N 119°W / 37.88; -119
25	Mount Martin	Alaska	106	23	58°10′19″N 155°21′40″W / 58.172°N 155.361°W / 58.172; -155.361
26	Mount Mageik	Alaska	106	23	58°11′42″N 155°15′11″W / 58.195°N 155.253°W / 58.195; -155.253
27	Trident Volcano	Alaska	106	29	58°14′10″N 155°06′00″W / 58.236°N 155.1°W / 58.236; -155.1
28	Mount Katmai	Alaska	106	35	58°16′48″N 154°57′47″W / 58.28°N 154.963°W / 58.28; -154.963
29	Mount Veniaminof	Alaska	102	47	56°10′N 159°23′W / 56.17°N 159.38°W / 56.17; -159.38
30	Atka volcanic complex	Alaska	102	35	52°22′52″N 174°09′14″W / 52.381°N 174.154°W / 52.381; -174.154
31	Korovin Volcano	Alaska	102	35	52°22′52″N 174°09′58″W / 52.381°N 174.166°W / 52.381; -174.166
32	Shishaldin Volcano	Alaska	93	41	54°45′22″N 163°58′12″W / 54.756°N 163.97°W / 54.756; -163.97
33	Clear Lake volcanic field	California	92	15	38°58′N 122°46′W / 38.97°N 122.77°W / 38.97; -122.77
34	Mount Adams	Washington	92	15	46°12′22″N 121°29′24″W / 46.206°N 121.49°W / 46.206; -121.49
35	Hayes Volcano	Alaska	90	34	61°38′24″N 152°24′40″W / 61.64°N 152.411°W / 61.64; -152.411
36	Westdahl Peak	Alaska	89	47	54°31′05″N 164°39′00″W / 54.518°N 164.65°W / 54.518; -164.65
37	Novarupta	Alaska	88	35	58°16′12″N 155°09′25″W / 58.27°N 155.157°W / 58.27; -155.157
38	Mount Churchill	Alaska	82	29	61°23′N 141°45′W / 61.38°N 141.75°W / 61.38; -141.75
39	Kanaga Volcano	Alaska	81	41	51°55′23″N 177°10′05″W / 51.923°N 177.168°W / 51.923; -177.168
40	Ugashik-Peulik volcanic complex	Alaska	81	41	57°45′04″N 156°22′05″W / 57.751°N 156.368°W / 57.751; -156.368
41	Pavlof Volcano	Alaska	81	35	55°25′12″N 161°53′13″W / 55.42°N 161.887°W / 55.42; -161.887
42	Mount Griggs	Alaska	79	23	58°21′14″N 155°05′31″W / 58.354°N 155.092°W / 58.354; -155.092
43	Kaguyak Crater	Alaska	79	29	58°36′29″N 154°01′41″W / 58.608°N 154.028°W / 58.608; -154.028
44	Pagan Island	Northern Mariana Islands	79	28	18°08′N 145°48′E / 18.13°N 145.8°E / 18.13; 145.8
45	Medicine Lake	California	78	19	41°35′N 121°34′W / 41.58°N 121.57°W / 41.58; -121.57
46	Great Sitkin Volcano	Alaska	76	41	52°04′34″N 176°07′48″W / 52.076°N 176.13°W / 52.076; -176.13
47	Kasatochi Island	Alaska	75	35	52°10′37″N 175°30′29″W / 52.177°N 175.508°W / 52.177; -175.508
48	Mount Cleveland	Alaska	75	35	52°49′30″N 169°56′38″W / 52.825°N 169.944°W / 52.825; -169.944
49	Mount Moffett	Alaska	73	17	51°56′38″N 176°44′49″W / 51.944°N 176.747°W / 51.944; -176.747
50	Seguam Island	Alaska	73	47	52°18′54″N 172°30′36″W / 52.315°N 172.51°W / 52.315; -172.51
51	Fisher Caldera	Alaska	71	35	54°39′N 164°26′W / 54.65°N 164.43°W / 54.65; -164.43
52	Snowy Mountain	Alaska	71	12	58°20′10″N 154°40′55″W / 58.336°N 154.682°W / 58.336; -154.682
53	Fourpeaked Mountain	Alaska	71	12	58°46′12″N 153°40′19″W / 58.77°N 153.672°W / 58.77; -153.672
54	Mount Douglas	Alaska	71	12	58°51′18″N 153°32′31″W / 58.855°N 153.542°W / 58.855; -153.542
55	Semisopochnoi Island	Alaska	70	41	51°56′N 179°35′E / 51.93°N 179.58°E / 51.93; 179.58
56	Salton Buttes	California	68	14	33°12′N 115°37′W / 33.2°N 115.62°W / 33.2; -115.62
57	Agrigan Island	Northern Mariana Islands	67	24	18°46′N 145°40′E / 18.77°N 145.67°E / 18.77; 145.67
58	Mount Edgecumbe	Alaska	65	23	57°03′N 135°45′W / 57.05°N 135.75°W / 57.05; -135.75
59	Mount Vsevidof	Alaska	65	29	53°07′48″N 168°41′35″W / 53.13°N 168.693°W / 53.13; -168.693
60	Mount Gareloi	Alaska	64	35	51°47′24″N 178°47′38″W / 51.79°N 178.794°W / 51.79; -178.794
61	Tanaga Volcano	Alaska	64	29	51°53′06″N 178°08′46″W / 51.885°N 178.146°W / 51.885; -178.146
62	Alamagan Island	Northern Mariana Islands	64	24	17°36′N 145°50′E / 17.6°N 145.83°E / 17.6; 145.83
63	Anatahan Island	Northern Mariana Islands	64	18	16°21′N 145°40′E / 16.35°N 145.67°E / 16.35; 145.67
64	Mount Dutton	Alaska	63	12	55°10′05″N 162°16′19″W / 55.168°N 162.272°W / 55.168; -162.272
65	Roundtop Mountain	Alaska	62	12	54°48′00″N 163°35′20″W / 54.8°N 163.589°W / 54.8; -163.589
66	Kukak Volcano	Alaska	62	12	58°27′11″N 154°21′18″W / 58.453°N 154.355°W / 58.453; -154.355
67	Mount Recheschnoi	Alaska	61	23	53°09′25″N 168°32′20″W / 53.157°N 168.539°W / 53.157; -168.539
68	Valles Caldera	New Mexico	60	20	35°52′N 106°34′W / 35.87°N 106.57°W / 35.87; -106.57
69	Mono Lake volcanic field	California	57	22	38°00′N 119°02′W / 38°N 119.03°W / 38; -119.03
70	Kiska Volcano	Alaska	55	34	52°06′11″N 177°36′07″E / 52.103°N 177.602°E / 52.103; 177.602
71	Mount Chiginagak	Alaska	55	23	57°08′06″N 156°59′24″W / 57.135°N 156.99°W / 57.135; -156.99
72	Coso volcanic field	California	55	15	36°02′N 117°49′W / 36.03°N 117.82°W / 36.03; -117.82
73	Emmons Lake	Alaska	54	23	55°20′28″N 162°04′44″W / 55.341°N 162.079°W / 55.341; -162.079
74	Pavlof Sister	Alaska	54	23	55°27′11″N 161°50′35″W / 55.453°N 161.843°W / 55.453; -161.843
75	Little Sitkin Island	Alaska	53	24	51°57′00″N 178°32′35″E / 51.95°N 178.543°E / 51.95; 178.543
76	Bogoslof Island	Alaska	52	35	53°56′N 168°02′W / 53.93°N 168.03°W / 53.93; -168.03
77	Mount Dana	Alaska	52	29	55°38′28″N 161°12′50″W / 55.641°N 161.214°W / 55.641; -161.214
78	Soda Lakes	Nevada	51	13	39°32′N 118°52′W / 39.53°N 118.87°W / 39.53; -118.87
79	Mount Adagdak	Alaska	51	6	51°59′17″N 176°35′31″W / 51.988°N 176.592°W / 51.988; -176.592
80	San Francisco Volcanic Field	Arizona	51	20	35°22′N 111°30′W / 35.37°N 111.5°W / 35.37; -111.5
81	Yantarni Volcano	Alaska	49	29	57°01′08″N 157°11′06″W / 57.019°N 157.185°W / 57.019; -157.185
82	Dotsero	Colorado	49	13	39°39′N 107°02′W / 39.65°N 107.03°W / 39.65; -107.03
83	Guguan Island	Northern Mariana Islands	48	24	17°19′N 145°51′E / 17.32°N 145.85°E / 17.32; 145.85
84	Takawangha volcano	Alaska	47	17	51°52′23″N 178°00′22″W / 51.873°N 178.006°W / 51.873; -178.006
85	Frosty Peak	Alaska	46	12	55°04′55″N 162°48′50″W / 55.082°N 162.814°W / 55.082; -162.814
86	Haleakalā	Hawaii	45	3	20°42′29″N 156°15′00″W / 20.708°N 156.25°W / 20.708; -156.25
87	Mount Denison	Alaska	44	12	58°25′05″N 154°26′56″W / 58.418°N 154.449°W / 58.418; -154.449
88	Mount Steller	Alaska	44	12	58°26′N 154°24′W / 58.43°N 154.4°W / 58.43; -154.4
89	Black Peak	Alaska	44	29	56°33′07″N 158°47′06″W / 56.552°N 158.785°W / 56.552; -158.785
90	Mammoth Mountain	California	42	2	37°35′N 119°03′W / 37.58°N 119.05°W / 37.58; -119.05
91	Amukta Island	Alaska	41	29	52°30′00″N 171°15′07″W / 52.5°N 171.252°W / 52.5; -171.252
92	Ukinrek maars	Alaska	41	17	57°49′55″N 156°30′36″W / 57.832°N 156.51°W / 57.832; -156.51
93	Mount Kupreanof	Alaska	40	12	56°00′40″N 159°47′49″W / 56.011°N 159.797°W / 56.011; -159.797
94	Mount Bachelor	Oregon	39	7	43°58′44″N 121°41′17″W / 43.979°N 121.688°W / 43.979; -121.688
95	Farallon de Pajaros	Northern Mariana Islands	37	20	20°32′N 144°54′E / 20.53°N 144.9°E / 20.53; 144.9
96	Sarigan Island	Northern Mariana Islands	36	18	16°42′29″N 145°46′48″E / 16.708°N 145.78°E / 16.708; 145.78
97	East Diamante	Northern Mariana Islands	36	18	15°56′N 145°40′E / 15.93°N 145.67°E / 15.93; 145.67
98	Yunaska Island	Alaska	36	29	52°38′35″N 170°37′44″W / 52.643°N 170.629°W / 52.643; -170.629
99	Ubehebe Crater	California	35	15	37°01′N 117°27′W / 37.02°N 117.45°W / 37.02; -117.45
100	Kagamil Volcano	Alaska	35	17	52°58′26″N 169°43′12″W / 52.974°N 169.72°W / 52.974; -169.72
101	Mount Wrangell	Alaska	35	3	62°00′N 144°01′W / 62°N 144.02°W / 62; -144.02
102	Black Rock Desert	Utah	34	15	38°58′N 112°30′W / 38.97°N 112.5°W / 38.97; -112.5
103	Asuncion Island	Northern Mariana Islands	32	16	19°40′N 145°24′E / 19.67°N 145.4°E / 19.67; 145.4
104	Mount Kialagvik	Alaska	32	12	57°12′11″N 156°44′42″W / 57.203°N 156.745°W / 57.203; -156.745
105	St. Michael Island	Alaska	31	12	63°27′N 162°07′W / 63.45°N 162.12°W / 63.45; -162.12
106	Mauna Kea	Hawaii	30	2	19°49′N 155°28′W / 19.82°N 155.47°W / 19.82; -155.47
107	Carlisle Island	Alaska	29	12	52°53′38″N 170°03′14″W / 52.894°N 170.054°W / 52.894; -170.054
108	Tana	Alaska	29	12	52°50′N 169°46′W / 52.83°N 169.77°W / 52.83; -169.77
109	Zealandia Bank	Northern Mariana Islands	28	16	16°53′N 145°51′E / 16.88°N 145.85°E / 16.88; 145.85
110	Segula Island	Alaska	27	10	52°00′54″N 178°08′10″E / 52.015°N 178.136°E / 52.015; 178.136
111	Koniuji Island	Alaska	26	17	52°13′N 175°08′W / 52.22°N 175.13°W / 52.22; -175.13
112	Ingakslugwat Hills	Alaska	26	10	61°26′N 164°28′W / 61.43°N 164.47°W / 61.43; -164.47
113	Herbert Island	Alaska	23	12	52°44′31″N 170°06′40″W / 52.742°N 170.111°W / 52.742; -170.111
114	Uliaga Island	Alaska	23	12	53°03′54″N 169°46′12″W / 53.065°N 169.77°W / 53.065; -169.77
115	Chagulak Island	Alaska	22	10	52°34′37″N 171°07′48″W / 52.577°N 171.13°W / 52.577; -171.13
116	Bobrof Volcano	Alaska	20	6	51°54′36″N 177°26′17″W / 51.91°N 177.438°W / 51.91; -177.438
117	Amak Island	Alaska	20	12	55°25′26″N 163°08′56″W / 55.424°N 163.149°W / 55.424; -163.149
118	Supply Reef	Northern Mariana Islands	20	12	20°08′N 145°06′E / 20.13°N 145.1°E / 20.13; 145.1
119	South Sarigan Seamount	Northern Mariana Islands	20	12	16°35′N 145°47′E / 16.58°N 145.78°E / 16.58; 145.78
120	Tutuila Island	American Samoa	19	4	14°17′42″S 170°42′00″W / 14.295°S 170.7°W / -14.295; -170.7
121	(unnamed)	Alaska	17	12	57°52′N 155°25′W / 57.87°N 155.42°W / 57.87; -155.42
122	Maug Islands	Northern Mariana Islands	16	8	20°01′N 145°13′E / 20.02°N 145.22°E / 20.02; 145.22
123	Hell's Half Acre	Idaho	14	1	43°30′N 112°27′W / 43.5°N 112.45°W / 43.5; -112.45
124	Craters of the Moon	Idaho	14	0	43°25′N 113°30′W / 43.42°N 113.5°W / 43.42; -113.5
125	Mount Jefferson	Oregon	13	0	44°41′31″N 121°48′00″W / 44.692°N 121.8°W / 44.692; -121.8
126	Taʻū Island	American Samoa	12	0	14°13′48″S 169°27′14″W / 14.23°S 169.454°W / -14.23; -169.454
127	Ofu-Olosega	American Samoa	12	0	14°10′30″S 169°37′05″W / 14.175°S 169.618°W / -14.175; -169.618
128	Wide Bay cone	Alaska	12	1	53°58′05″N 166°40′37″W / 53.968°N 166.677°W / 53.968; -166.677
129	Buldir Volcano	Alaska	12	5	52°21′00″N 175°54′40″E / 52.35°N 175.911°E / 52.35; 175.911
130	Davidof Island	Alaska	12	5	51°58′N 178°20′E / 51.97°N 178.33°E / 51.97; 178.33
131	Indian Heaven	Washington	12	0	45°56′N 121°49′W / 45.93°N 121.82°W / 45.93; -121.82
132	Belknap Crater	Oregon	12	2	44°17′06″N 121°50′28″W / 44.285°N 121.841°W / 44.285; -121.841
133	Markagunt Plateau	Utah	11	8	37°35′N 112°40′W / 37.58°N 112.67°W / 37.58; -112.67
134	West Crater	Washington	11	1	45°53′N 122°05′W / 45.88°N 122.08°W / 45.88; -122.08
135	Buzzard Creek	Alaska	10	2	64°04′N 148°25′W / 64.07°N 148.42°W / 64.07; -148.42
136	Black Butte Crater	Idaho	10	1	43°11′N 114°21′W / 43.18°N 114.35°W / 43.18; -114.35
137	Wapi Flow	Idaho	8	0	42°53′N 113°13′W / 42.88°N 113.22°W / 42.88; -113.22
138	Carrizozo Mountain	New Mexico	6	0	33°47′N 105°56′W / 33.78°N 105.93°W / 33.78; -105.93
139	Stepovak Bay group	Alaska	6	2	55°56′N 160°00′W / 55.93°N 160°W / 55.93; -160
140	Blue Lake crater	Oregon	6	1	44°25′N 121°46′W / 44.42°N 121.77°W / 44.42; -121.77
141	Zuni-Bandera volcanic field	New Mexico	5	0	34°48′N 108°00′W / 34.8°N 108°W / 34.8; -108
142	Sand Mountain volcanic field	Oregon	5	1	44°23′N 121°56′W / 44.38°N 121.93°W / 44.38; -121.93
143	Duncan Canal	Alaska	5	1	56°30′N 133°06′W / 56.5°N 133.1°W / 56.5; -133.1
144	Red Hill–Quemado volcanic field	New Mexico	5	0	34°15′N 108°50′W / 34.25°N 108.83°W / 34.25; -108.83
145	Tlevak Strait-Suemez Island	Alaska	5	0	55°15′N 133°18′W / 55.25°N 133.3°W / 55.25; -133.3
146	Behm Canal-Rudyerd Bay	Alaska	5	1	55°19′N 131°03′W / 55.32°N 131.05°W / 55.32; -131.05
147	Davis Lake	Oregon	4	0	43°34′N 121°49′W / 43.57°N 121.82°W / 43.57; -121.82
148	Jordan Craters	Oregon	4	0	43°09′N 117°28′W / 43.15°N 117.47°W / 43.15; -117.47
149	St. Paul Island	Alaska	4	0	57°11′N 170°18′W / 57.18°N 170.3°W / 57.18; -170.3
150	Cinnamon Butte	Oregon	3	0	43°14′28″N 122°06′29″W / 43.241°N 122.108°W / 43.241; -122.108
151	Devils Garden	Oregon	3	0	43°30′43″N 120°51′40″W / 43.512°N 120.861°W / 43.512; -120.861
152	Diamond Craters	Oregon	3	0	43°06′N 118°45′W / 43.1°N 118.75°W / 43.1; -118.75
153	Uinkaret volcanic field	Arizona	2	0	36°23′N 113°08′W / 36.38°N 113.13°W / 36.38; -113.13
154	Golden Trout Creek volcanic field	California	2	0	36°21′29″N 118°19′12″W / 36.358°N 118.32°W / 36.358; -118.32
155	Fukujin Seamount	Northern Mariana Islands	0	0	21°56′N 143°28′E / 21.93°N 143.47°E / 21.93; 143.47
156	Kasuga 2	Northern Mariana Islands	0	0	21°56′N 143°28′E / 21.93°N 143.47°E / 21.93; 143.47
157	Daikoku Seamount	Northern Mariana Islands	0	0	21°36′00″N 143°38′13″E / 21.6°N 143.637°E / 21.6; 143.637
158	Ahyi Seamount	Northern Mariana Islands	0	0	21°19′26″N 144°11′38″E / 21.324°N 144.194°E / 21.324; 144.194
159	Ruby Seamount	Northern Mariana Islands	0	0	20°25′N 145°02′E / 20.42°N 145.03°E / 20.42; 145.03
160	Esmeralda Bank	Northern Mariana Islands	0	0	15°37′N 145°34′E / 15.62°N 145.57°E / 15.62; 145.57
161	Imuruk Lake	Alaska	0	0	15°00′N 145°15′W / 15°N 145.25°W / 15; -145.25

Reception

Mackenzie, Muschalik & Broesche (2021) provided comments on the 2018 report in three separately authored sections.

• List of volcanoes in the United States
• Decade Volcanoes
• National Volcano Early Warning and Monitoring System

References