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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad leader draft

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (

Islamic Republic of Iran, and the main political leader of the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran. The presidency is not the highest constitutional office in Iran.[3] The Supreme Leader has ultimate control over foreign policy, the armed forces, and the nuclear policy of the Iranian state.[4][5]

A university teacher

runoff election votes, he became President on 3 August 2005,[12][13] loyally kissing Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei's hand at the ceremony.[14]

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad leader draft of para 3

  * 3.1 Economic policy
  * 3.3 Housing
  * 3.2 Family planning and population policy
  * 3.4 Human rights
  * 3.5 Universities
  * 4.1 Accusations of corruption
  * 4.4 Criticisms from other political parties
  * 4.8 2009 alleged complicity in conviction for "earthquake saferoom"
  * 4.6 Ali Kordan's fabricated doctoral degree and moral charges

Ahmadinejad fired the government's economic experts

Sepah (IRGC), received "billion dollar no-bid contracts".[34] Ahmadinejad co-authored a book whose other authors were convicted of plagiarism in it,[35][36][35][37] and his interior minister was impeached[38]
[39] after his fake doctoral degree and an old conviction became known.[40][41][42]

With Khamenei supporting Ahmadinejad's reelection,

protests were met with violence but continued for some time. Ahmadinejad called the election "completely free" and the outcome "a great victory" for Iran.[53] However, his choice as first vice president was quickly forced to resign.[54][55]

He was sworn in for a second term on 5 August 2009. Hundreds of riot police met opposition protesters outside parliament. Germany, France, Britain and the US all said they would not send the usual letters of congratulation.[56]

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad leader draft of para 3a

  * 4.3 Statements on the United Nations and football stadiums
  * 4.5 Ahmadinejad–Haddad Adel conflict over Iranian constitution
  * 4.7 Ahmadinejad–parliament conflict
  * 3.6 Nuclear program
  * 4.2 Criticisms of statements and social issues

Statements on the United Nations and football stadiums

Ahmadinejad stated he had "felt a halo over his head" during his 2005 speech to the

Imams, nor can he imply the presence of the Mahdi.[57]

In 2006, Ahmadinejad proclaimed (without consulting the clerics before hand), that women should be allowed into football stadiums to watch male football clubs compete. This proclamation "was quickly overruled" by clerical authorities, one of whom, Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Fazel Lankarani "refused for weeks to meet with President Ahmadinejad" in early 2007.[57]

Conflict with parliament

In 2008, the Supreme Leader was needed to resolve the conflict between the speaker of parliament and Ahmadinejad. He had called for legal action against the speaker for bypassing the presidency by giving the order to implement legislation in an official newspaper.[58][59][60] Speaker Haddad-Adel responded to Ahmadinejad accusing him of using inappropriate language in his remarks and letters. [61]

On

oil revenue in the (2006-2007) budget hasn't been returned by the government to the national treasury,[62]
Iran's parliamentary speaker-called for further investigations in order to make sure the missing funds are returned to the treasury as soon as possible.[64] Ahmadinejad criticized the National Audit Office for what he called its "carelessness", saying the report "incites the people" against the government.[65] also Head of the parliament Energy Commission, Hamidreza Katouzian reprted:The government spent $5 billion to import fuel, about $2 billion more than the sum parliament had authorized.Katouzian quoted Iran's Oil Minister, Gholam-Hossein Nozari, as saying that President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad had ordered the extra purchase.[66]

Nuclear program

Nuclear policy is set not by Iran's president but by the Supreme National Security Council, but Ahmadinejad has been a vocal supporter of Iran's nuclear program, and has insisted that it is for peaceful purposes.[67][68]

Criticisms of statements and social issues

In 2005, Ali Khamenei responded to Ahmadinejad's remark that Israel should be "wiped off the map" by saying that "the Islamic Republic has never threatened and will never threaten any country."[69] Moreover, Khamenei's main adviser in foreign policy, Ali Akbar Velayati, refused to take part in Ahmadinejad's Holocaust conference. In contrast to Ahmadinejad's remarks, Velayati said that the Holocaust was a genocide and a historical reality.[70]

In June 2007, Ahmadinejad was criticized by some Iranian parliament members over his remark about Christianity and Judaism. According to Aftab News Agency, Ahmadinejad stated: "In the world, there are deviations from the right path: Christianity and Judaism. Dollars have been devoted to the propagation of these deviations. There are also false claims that these [religions] will save mankind. But Islam is the only religion that [can] save mankind." Some members of Iranian parliament criticized these remarks as being fuels to religious war.[71][72]

Conservative MP Rafat Bayat has blamed Ahmadinejad for a decline in observance of the required

Rafsanjani,[74] after he publicly kissed the hand of a woman who used to be his school teacher.[75]

Ahmadinejad's criticism of the West has led to attempts to compel him to go to the Iranian parliament to answer questions.

Mahdi Karroubi.[77][78]

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad leader draft of para 4 - Foreign relations

Ahmadinejad is well known internationally for statements about matters he does not ultimately control (nuclear, foreign, military policies).

Relations with the United States

During Ahmadinejad's presidency, Iran and the US have had the most high-profile contact in almost 30 years. Iran and the US froze diplomatic relations in 1980 and had no direct diplomatic contact until May 2007.[79]

While the U.S has linked its support for a Palestinian state to acceptance of Israel's "

U.S. list of state sponsors of international terrorism since 1984,[82][83][84]
a claim that Iran and Ahmadinejad have denied.

On 8 May 2006, Ahmadinejad sent a personal letter to then-President Bush to propose "new ways" to end Iran's nuclear dispute.[85] U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and National Security Adviser Stephen Hadley both reviewed the letter and dismissed it as a negotiating ploy and publicity stunt that did not address U.S. concerns about Iran's nuclear program.[86] A few days later at a meeting in Jakarta, Ahmadinejad said, "the letter was an invitation to monotheism and justice, which are common to all divine prophets."[87]

Ahmadinejad invited Bush to a debate at the United Nations General Assembly, which was to take place on 19 September 2006. The debate was to be about Iran's right to enrich uranium. The invitation was promptly rejected by White House spokesman Tony Snow, who said "There's not going to be a steel-cage grudge match between the President and Ahmadinejad."[88]

Columbia University students protesting against the university's decision to invite Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to the university campus.

On November 2006, Ahmadinejad wrote an open letter to the American people,[89] representing some of his anxieties and concerns. He stated that there is an urgency to have a dialog because of the activities of the US administration in the Middle East, and that the US is concealing the truth about current realities.[90]

The United States Senate passed a resolution warning Iran about attacks in Iraq. On 26 September 2007, the United States Senate passed a resolution 76-22 and labeled an arm of the Iranian military as a terrorist organization.

In September 2007 Ahmadinejad visited New York to address the General Assembly of the United Nations. Prior to this he gave a speech at Columbia University, where the university president Lee Bollinger used his introduction to excoriate the Iranian leader as everything from a "cruel and petty dictator" to "astonishingly uneducated." Taking questions from Columbia faculty and students who attended his address, Ahmadinejad answered a query about the treatment of gays in Iran by saying: "We don't have homosexuals like in your country. We don't have that in our country. We don't have this phenomenon; I don't know who's told you we have it." An aide later claimed that he was misrepresented and was actually saying that "compared to American society, we don't have many homosexuals". [91]

In a speech given in April 2008, Ahmadinejad described the

Afghanistan and Iraq. [92]

In October 2008, President Ahmadinejad expressed his happiness of

2008 global economic crisis and what he called "collapse of liberalism". He said the West has been driven to deadend and that Iran was proud "to put an end to liberal economy".[93] Ahmadinejad used a September 2008 speech to the General Assembly of the United Nations to assert the American empire is soon going to end without specifying how. "The American empire in the world is reaching the end of its road, and its next rulers must limit their interference to their own borders," Ahmadinejad said.[94]

On November 6, 2008 (two days after the

Iranian Hostage Crisis. [95]

Relations with Israel

On 26 October 2005 Ahmadinejad gave a speech at a conference in Tehran entitled "World Without Zionism". According to widely published translations, he agreed with a statement he attributed to Ayatollah Khomeini that the "occupying regime" had to be removed, and referred to it as a "disgraceful stain [on] the Islamic world", that needed to be "wiped from the pages of history."[96]

Ahmadinejad's comments were condemned by major

Palestinian leaders also expressed displeasure over Ahmadinejad's remark.[98] Canada's then Prime Minister Paul Martin said, “this threat to Israel's existence, this call for genocide coupled with Iran's obvious nuclear ambitions is a matter that the world cannot ignore.”[99]

The translation of his statement has been disputed. Iran's foreign minister stated that Ahmadinejad had been "misunderstood": "He is talking about the regime. We do not recognise legally this regime."

New York Times deputy foreign editor Ethan Bronner observed that "all official translations" of the comments, including the foreign ministry and president's office, "refer to wiping Israel away".[102]
Dr. Joshua Teitelbaum, an Israel-based professor with ties to AIPAC, in a paper for the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, examined the language that President Ahmadinejad has used when discussing Israel. Using Farsi translations from Dr. Denis MacEoin, a former lecturer in Islamic studies in the United Kingdom, Teitelbaum wrote that "the Iranian president was not just calling for “regime change” in Jerusalem, but rather the actual physical destruction of the State of Israel," and asserted that Ahmadinejad was advocating the genocide of its residents as well. Teitelbaum said that in a speech given on 26 October 2005, Ahmadinejad said the following about Israel: "Soon this stain of disgrace will be cleaned from the garment of the world of Islam, and this is attainable." Teitelbaum argued that this type of dehumanizing rhetoric is a documented prelude to genocide incitement. Dr. Juan Cole, a professor of modern Middle Eastern and South Asian history at the University of Michigan, has argued that Ahmadinejad was not calling for the destruction of Israel, “Ahmadinejad did not say he was going to wipe Israel off the map because no such idiom exists in Persian.” Dr. Stephen Walt, a professor of international affairs at Harvard University has said “I don’t think he is inciting to genocide."[103] According to Gawdat Bahgat, Director of Center for Middle Eastern Studies at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, "the fiery calls to destroy Israel are meant to mobilize domestic and regional constituencies" and that "Rhetoric aside, most analysts agree that the Islamic Republic and the Jewish state are not likely to engage in a military confrontation against each other."[104]

In July 2006, Ahmadinejad compared Israel's actions in the

Ismail Haniyah in Doha, Qatar. At that meeting, he said that Israel "was created to establish dominion of arrogant states over the region and to enable the enemy to penetrate the heart Muslim land." He called Israel a "threat" and said it was created to create tensions in and impose US and UK policies upon the region.[107] On 12 December 2006, Ahmadinejad addressed the International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, and made comments about the future of Israel. He said, "Israel is about to crash. This is God's promise and the wish of all the world's nations."[108]

When CNN's Larry King asked Ahmadinejad "does Israel remain Israel" in his version of the Middle East, Ahmadinejad suggested that throughout the Palestinian territories free elections for all be conducted under the supervision of international organizations. Ahmadinejad suggested that "..we must allow free elections to happen in Palestine under the supervision of the United Nations. And the Palestinian people, the displaced Palestinian people, or whoever considers Palestine its land, can participate in free elections. And then whatever happens as a result could happen."[109]

Relations with Russia

Ahmadinejad with then President of Russia Vladimir Putin in Tehran on 16 October 2007.
See also:
Iran-Russia relations

Ahmadinejad has moved to strengthen relations with Russia, setting up an office expressly dedicated to the purpose in October 2005. He has worked with Vladimir Putin on the nuclear issue, and both Putin and Ahmadinejad have expressed a desire for more mutual cooperation on issues involving the Caspian Sea.[110] More recently, Iran has been increasingly pushed into an alliance with Moscow due to the controversy over Iran's nuclear program. By late December 2007, Russia began to deliver enriched batches of nuclear fuel to Iran as a way of persuading Iran to end self-enrichment.

Relations with Venezuela

See also:
Iran-Venezuela relations

Ahmadinejad has sought to develop ties with other world leaders that are also opposed to

Hugo Chavez of Venezuela.[111] Venezuela voted in favor of Iran's nuclear program before the United Nations,[112] and both governments have sought to develop more bilateral trade.[113] As of 2006, the ties between the two countries are strategic rather than economic;[111] Venezuela is still not one of Iran's major trading partners.[114]

Regional relations

Immediately after the

Shiite minorities, were severely strained.[115] Ahmadinejad's priority in the region has been to improve ties with most of Iran's neighbors to strengthen Iran's status and influence.[116]

Ahmadinejad visited

Abdullah Gul had stated that he wants the atomic threat to be eliminated from the region, perhaps a hint to Iran;[118] however, business has remained cordial between the two countries.[119] Despite US disapproval, Turkey recently signed a multibillion dollar gas line deal with Tehran in late 2007.[119][120]

Iran's relations with the Arab states have been complex, partly due to the

War on Terror.[121] Ahmadinejad has sought reconciliation with the Arab states by encouraging bilateral trade and posturing for Iranian entry into the Gulf Cooperation Council.[122] Outside of the Persian Gulf, Ahmadinejad has sought to reestablish relations with other major Arab states, most notably Egypt.[123] As of 2007, Iran did not have an open embassy there.[123]

Iran's

Assad claimed as a victory over Israel.[125]

Ahmadinejad has also attempted to develop stronger, more intimate ties with both Afghanistan and

peace pipeline"; a pipeline from Iran that will eventually fuel both Pakistan and India. In theory, the plan will help to integrate South Asian economies, and, by consequence, calm tensions between Pakistan and India.[128]

Ahmadinejad met foreign minister Elmar Mammadyarov of

power plant construction.[129] Iran has also redoubled efforts to forge ties with Armenia; during Ahmadinejad's visit in October 2007 the discussions were focused on developing energy ties between the two countries.[130]

Iraq

Ahmadinejad developed closer relations with Iraq,[131] Ahmadinejad was the first Iranian president to visit Iraq.[132] but criticized the U.S. while still saying that "visiting Iraq without the dictator Saddam Hussein is a good thing."[133]

Previous lead-in

Ahmadinejad has been a critic of the United States and Israel, and backs strengthening Iran's relations with Russia, Venezuela, Syria, and the Arab states of the Persian Gulf.[134][135] During his term, Iran has also been one of the largest aid donors to the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan[136].

Ahmadinejad has stated repeatedly that

nuclear enrichment.[137] Ahmadinejad called Western sanctions over Iran's nuclear enrichment "illegal" and said Iran will continue to abide by International Atomic Energy Agency monitoring of its nuclear program, though Iran has not done so.[138]

Ahmadinejad is widely known for his anti-

Palestinians need a stronger voice in the region's future.[141][142]

He was named among the Time magazine 100 most influential people in the world for the year 2006.[143]

In one of Ahmadinejad's most controversial statements, according to the initial

Jews, I respect them very much.”[148] Ahmadinejad also clarified, "I'm not saying that the Holocaust didn't happen at all. This is not the judgment that I'm passing here."[149]

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