User:Kevmin/sandbox/Paleobiota of the Latah Formation
Numerous fossil plants and insects have been recovered from the formation and described.
Plants
The initial taxonomic work on the flora was undertaken by Frank Knowlton with assistance from diatom specialist Albert Mann and
Mosses
Family | Genus | Species | Author/year | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
A possible polytrichaceous moss |
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incertae sedis | †Hypnites |
|
A moss of uncertain affiliation. |
|
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(Britton) Miller |
|
A moss of uncertain affiliation |
Lycopods
Family | Genus | Species | Author/year | Florule | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowlton |
|
A possible lycopod clubmoss |
Ferns
Family | Genus | Species | Author/year | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Berry |
|
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Brown |
|
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|
(Dorf) Graham |
|
A |
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(Berry) Brown |
|
A royal fern species |
|
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Berry |
|
Ginkgos
Family | Genus | Species | Author/year | Florule | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Unger) Heer |
|
Conifers
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cupressaceae |
|
Ashlee |
|
A juniper species
|
|||
|
A dawn redwood species. |
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(Sternberg) Heer |
|
A bald-cypress. |
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(Knowlton) Kvaček & Manchester |
A Tetraclinis species. |
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(Oliver) Chaney & Axelrod |
|
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Pinaceae |
(Berry) Brown |
A Keteleeria species. |
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Pinus
|
Chaney & Axelrod 1959 |
|
A pine |
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Cockerell |
A pine |
|
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Berry |
|
First described as a hemlock conescale.[17] |
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(Knowlton) Cheney & Axelrod |
|
A yew |
Basal dicots
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nymphaceae
|
Unidentified[18]. |
|
A Nymphaea species leaf |
Monocots
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Araceae |
Knowlton |
|
An Arisaema species. |
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Berry |
|
First described as a skunk cabbage.[17] |
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Smilacaceae | Smilax |
Chaney |
A green briar species |
|
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Ashlee |
|
A green briar species |
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Cockerell |
A cattail species |
|
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Unidentified | Unidentified |
Unidentified |
|
A poaceous like leaf. |
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Unidentified |
|
Possibly a poalean plant |
Magnoliids
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lauraceae | Machilus |
Brown |
|
A Machilus species |
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Brown |
|
A Machilus species |
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(Berry) Brown |
|
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(Knowlton & Cockerell) LaMotte |
|
|
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Magnoliaceae |
Berry |
|
|||||
Magnolia |
Cockerell |
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(Berry) Brown |
|
Ceratophyllales
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ashlee |
|
First described as a Ceratophyllum |
Basal eudicots
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Newberry) Arnold |
An oregon grape species. |
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Platanaceae | Platanus |
Lesquereux |
A Platanus subg. Platanus sycamore leaf species.[22] |
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Huegele, Spielbauer, & Manchester |
|
A Platanus subg. Platanus sycamore fruit species. |
|
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Manchester, Pigg, & DeVore |
|
A Trochodendron fruit species. |
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?Trochodendraceae |
(Hollick) Manchester, Crane, & Dilcher |
A stem-group trochodendralean fruit species.
Likely fruits of the leaf species Zizyphoides auriculata |
|
||||
(Heer) Manchester, Crane, & Dilcher |
A stem-group trochodendralean leaf species.
Likely fruits of the fruit species Nordenskioldia interglacialis |
Superasterids - basal
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cornaceae | Cornus |
Berry |
|
A dogwood species. |
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Chaney and Axelrod |
|
A dogwood species. |
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(Lesquereux) Chaney & Axelrod |
|
A persimmon species |
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Ericaceae |
Berry |
|
A manzanita species |
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Brown |
|
A Gaultheria species |
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Smith & Manchester |
|
A vaccinioid fruit. |
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Ashlee |
|
A Kalmia species |
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Berry |
|
A Rhododendron species |
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Vaccinium |
Berry |
|
A Vaccinium species |
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Knowlton |
|
First named as a huckleberry leaf species |
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(Knowlton) Brown |
A Vaccinium species |
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Hydrangeaceae |
(Berry) Chaney & Axelrod |
A hydrangea species |
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(Knowlton) Brown |
|
A mock-orange species |
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(Berry) Brown |
A stickleaf species |
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Nyssaceae | Nyssa |
Berry |
A tuplo species of the N. sylvatica complex.[27] |
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(Knowlton) Berry |
|
A tuplo species of the N. javanica complex.[27] |
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Brown |
|
A silverbell fruit species |
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Brown |
A ash species. |
|
|||||
(Knowlton) Berry |
A Gordonia species. |
|
Superasterids
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adoxaceae | Viburnum |
Berry |
|
A Viburnum seed morphospecies. |
|||
Berry |
|
A Viburnum species. |
|
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LaMotte |
|
A Viburnum species. |
|
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Berry |
|
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Aquifoliaceae
|
|
MacGinitie |
|
A holly species. |
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|
A Porana species |
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Chaney & Axelrod |
|
An ash species. |
Superrosids - Basal
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowlton |
A sweet gum species. |
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(Chaney) Brown |
An Exbucklandia species |
|
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Vitaceae | Vitis |
Berry |
A grape species. |
||||
(Knowlton) Brown |
A grape species. |
|
Superrosids - Fabids
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Betulaceae | Alnus
|
An alder .
|
|||||
(Knowlton) Wolfe[31] |
A birch
|
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Jennings |
|
An alder
|
|
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(Knowlton) Brown |
|
An alder
|
|
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Betula
|
Knowlton |
|
A birch
|
||||
Brown |
|
A birch
|
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Chaney |
|
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Brown |
|
A wintercreeper species |
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Fabaceae |
(Knowlton) Herendeen & Dilcher |
|
A Caesalpinia fruit |
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Unnamed |
Brown |
Leaves first placed as Cercis spokanensis |
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Berry |
|
A fabaceous fruit species |
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Ashlee |
|
A fabaceous fruit species |
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Knowlton |
A Sophora species. |
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Fagaceae |
|
(Knowlton) Chaney & Axelrod |
A Chestnut species |
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Castanopsis |
(Knowlton) Brown |
|
A Chestnut species |
||||
(Brown) Chaney & Axelrod[6] |
|
A chinquapin species |
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Fagus
|
Chaney |
A Beech species
Specimens in need of confirmation.[15] |
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LaMotte |
A Beech species
|
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Smiley & Huggins |
|
A fagaceous genus |
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Quercus
|
Brown |
|
An oak .
|
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Chaney |
|
An oak .
|
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Chaney |
|
An oak .
|
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Knowlton |
|
An oak .
|
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Smith |
|
An oak .
|
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Berry |
|
An oak .
|
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Knowlton |
An oak .
|
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Lesquereux |
An oak .
|
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Knowlton |
An oak species
|
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Quercus sp. |
Isolated acorn nuts |
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Quercus sp. |
|
Isolated acorn cupules |
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Juglandaceae |
|
(Lesquereux) Chaney & Axelrod |
|
A hickory species
|
|
||
(Brown) Manchester |
|
A Palaeocarya species |
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(Knowlton) Brown |
|
A wingnut species |
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(Berry) Graham |
|
A Hiraea species. |
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Myricaceae |
Berry |
|
|||||
LaMotte |
|
A Myrica species. |
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Rhamnaceae |
Berry |
|
A Paliurus species |
||||
Chaney & Axelrod |
|
A buckthorn species |
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Rosaceae |
(Berry) Brown |
A service berry species |
|
||||
Berry |
|
A mountain mahogany species |
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Ashlee |
|
A hawthorn species |
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Ashlee |
|
A bramble species |
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Salicaceae | Populus |
Knowlton |
|
A cottonwood species |
|||
Knowlton |
A cottonwood species |
||||||
Chaney & Axelrod |
|
A cottonwood species |
|||||
Unnamed[4] |
Berry |
|
Unnamed cottonwood species flower bracts |
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Salix
|
(Knowlton) Condit |
A willow species
|
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Ashlee |
|
A willow species
|
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Berry |
|
A willow species
|
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(Berry) Brown |
|
A willow species
|
|
||||
Unnamed[4] |
Berry |
|
Unnamed willow species stipules
|
||||
Ulmaceae |
(Lesquereux) Manchester |
|
An ulmaceous species. |
||||
Ulmus
|
Knowlton |
|
Elm species fruits. |
|
|||
Chaney & Elias |
An Elm species |
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Newberry |
An Elm species |
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Tanai & Wolfe |
|
An Elm species |
Superrosids - Malvids
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Knowlton |
|
A water caltrop species
|
||||
Malvaceae |
† |
(Lesquereux) MacGinitie |
|
A malvalean flower. |
|||
(Newberry) LaMotte |
A linden species |
||||||
(Berry) Brown |
A Cedrela. |
synonymy |
|||||
Berry |
A Ptelea species |
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Sapindaceae | Acer |
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
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Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Knowlton |
|
An Acer species |
|
||||
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|
||||
Knowlton |
|
An Acer species |
|
||||
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Wolfe & Tanai |
|
An Acer species |
|||||
Chelebaeva |
|
An Acer species |
|
||||
(Ashlee) Wolfe & Tanai |
An Acer species |
||||||
Brown |
|
A Dilodendron species |
incertae sedis
Family | Genus | Species | Author | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Incertae sedis | †Carpites |
Knowlton |
|
Seeds or nutlets of uncertain affinity |
|||
Knowlton |
|
A fruit/seed on a "fleshy" axis |
|||||
Knowlton |
|
Possible seeds or fruits |
|||||
Knowlton |
|
A seed or other reproductive organ |
|||||
Manchester & Uemura |
|
A winged fruit eudicot of uncertain affinity
|
Insects
Order | Family | Genus | Species | Year named | Florule | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blattodea |
Snyder, 1949 |
|
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Indeterminate[46] |
1990 |
|
drywood termite |
||||
† |
(Snyder, 1931) |
|
A Stylotermitid termite |
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Coleoptera
|
Unidentified |
Unidentified[12] |
"Smiley et al. 1975" |
|
Two partial adults |
||
Carabidae
|
Cockerell, 1925 |
|
A carabid ground beetle
|
||||
Wickham, 1931 |
|
A carabid ground beetle
|
|||||
Wickham, 1931 |
|
A predaceous diving beetle |
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Elateridae
|
Unidentified |
Unidentified[12] |
"Smiley et al. 1975" |
|
Two partial adults |
||
Unidentified |
Unidentified[12] |
"Smiley et al. 1975" |
|
A single whole adult. |
|||
Diptera
|
(Lewis) Evenhuis, 1994 |
|
A wood gnat |
||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
A bee fly |
|||||
Bibionidae | Bibio |
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Indeterminate |
1969 |
|
An unidentified march fly |
||||
Bolitophilidae ?
|
Lewis, 1969 |
|
A bolitophilid gnat |
||||
Mycetophilidae |
Indeterminate[46] |
1990 |
|
||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate[46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified mycetophiline and mycetophilid fugus gnats |
|||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
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Hemiptera |
Lewis, 1969 |
|
|||||
(Lewis) Polhemus, 1985 |
|
A shore bug |
|||||
Cockerell, 1931
|
|
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Hymenoptera |
|
Cockerell, 1931
|
|
A Bumblebee |
|||
Formicidae
|
|
Indeterminate[46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified carpenter ants
|
||
Indeterminate[46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified Dolichoderus species ants |
||||
Indeterminate[46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified Lasius species ants |
||||
Messor ? |
Indeterminate[46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified possible Messor species ants |
|||
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate |
1931 |
|
Unidentified ants
|
|||
Ichneumonidae |
Lewis, 1969 |
|
|||||
Indeterminate[46] |
1990 |
|
|||||
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate[46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified cryptine ichneumonid wasps |
|||
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate[46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified [pimpline ichneumonid wasps |
|||
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate[46] |
1990 |
|
Unidentified megachiline carpenter bees |
|||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Odonata |
Kennedy, 1931 |
|
|||||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
A macromiid skimmer |
|||||
indeterminate |
Indeterminate |
Indeterminate |
1990 |
|
Unidentified dragonflies
|
||
Undescribed |
Undescribed[12] |
"Smiley et al. 1975" |
|
Partial katydid specimens |
|||
Lewis, 1969 |
|
||||||
Trichoptera
|
Limnephilidae |
Indeterminate |
1990 |
|
An unidentified northern caddisfly |
||
†Miopsyche |
|
||||||
|
|||||||
Indeterminate[12] |
1990 |
|
An unidentified northern caddisfly |
||||
Phryganeidae |
|
A phryganeid giant caddisfly larval case indusigenus |
|||||
Phryganea |
|
||||||
Indeterminate |
1990 |
|
An unidentified giant caddisfly |
Fish
Family | Genus | Species | Florule | Year named | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Smith & Miller, 1985 |
A sun fish |
|||
Leuciscidae
|
Unnamed[54] |
|
Possibly 2 species of western chub |
|||
Unnamed[54] |
|
An unnamed salmonid |
||||
Unidentified |
Unidentified |
Unidentified[4] |
Isolated scales and vertebrae |
Mammals
Family | Genus | Species | Florule | Year named | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sciuridae
|
incertae sedis |
incertae sedis |
Clarkia |
"2018" |
The first tetrapod from Clarkia |
Algae
An initial survey of Latah Formation diatoms was conduced by
Family | Genus | Species | Author/year | Florule | Notes | Synonyms | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amphipleuraceae |
Grunow |
|
An amphipleuraceous diatom |
||||
(Ehrenberg) De Toni |
|
An amphipleuraceous diatom |
|||||
Aulacoseiraceae | Aulacoseira |
(Ehrenberg) Simonsen |
|
A aulacoseiraceous diatom |
|||
(Ehrenberg) Simonsen |
|
A aulacoseiraceous diatom |
|||||
(Grunow ex A.Schmidt) D.G.Mann & A.J.Stickle |
|
A cavinulaceous diatom |
|||||
Rattray |
|
A coscinodiscaceous diatom |
|||||
Cymbellaceae | Cymbella |
A.W.F.Schmidt |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||
Näegeli |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||||
Kützing |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) Rabenhorst |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A cymbellaceous diatom |
|||||
Eunotiaceae |
Grunow |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
||||
Grunow |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
|||||
Eunotia |
Grunow |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
||||
Ehrenberg |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
|||||
(Kuetzing) Rabenhorst |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
|||||
Ralfs |
|
A eunotiaceous diatom |
|||||
Fragilariaceae | Fragilaria |
(A.Cleve) Hustedt |
|
A fragilariaceous diatom |
|||
Ehrenberg |
|
A fragilariaceous diatom |
|||||
Gomphonemataceae | Gomphonema |
Ehrenberg |
|
A gomphonemataceous diatom |
|||
Ehrenberg |
|
A gomphonemataceous diatom |
|||||
(Kützing) Kützing |
|
A gomphonemataceous diatom |
|||||
Melosiraceae | Melosira |
(Ehrenberg) Schmidt |
|
A melosiraceous diatom |
|||
Ehrenberg |
|
A melosiraceous diatom |
|||||
Brun |
|
A melosiraceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) Kützing |
|
A melosiraceous diatom |
|||||
Naviculaceae |
(W.Smith) Hendey |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
||||
Navicula |
F.W. Mills |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
||||
Grunow |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Ehrenberg |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Grunow ex A.Schmidt |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Grunow |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
A.Schmidt |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Pantocsek |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Grunow |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Donkin |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Kützing |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Schumann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) Ralfs |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Mann |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) Kützing |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
A.Schmidt |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
(Nitzsch) Kutzing |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
Neidiaceae | Neidium |
(Ehrenberg) Cleve |
|
A neidiaceous diatom |
|||
(Mann) VanLandingham |
|
A naviculaceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) Cleve |
|
A neidiaceous diatom |
|||||
Pinnulariaceae | Pinnularia |
Ehrenberg |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||
W.Gregory |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
(Kützing) Rabenhorst |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
Ehrenberg |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
(Ehrenberg) W.Smith |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
Hantzsch |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
W.Gregory |
|
A pinnulariaceous diatom |
|||||
Stauroneidaceae | Stauroneis |
Mann |
|
A stauroneidaceous diatom |
|||
Ehrenberg |
|
A stauroneidaceous diatom |
|||||
(Nitzsch) Ehrenberg |
|
A stauroneidaceous diatom |
|||||
Surirellaceae | Surirella |
Ehrenberg |
|
A surirellaceous diatom |
|||
A.W.F.Schmidt |
|
A surirellaceous diatom |
|||||
Turpin |
|
A surirellaceous diatom |
|||||
Tabellariaceae | Tabellaria |
(Lyngbye) Kützing |
|
A tabellariaceous diatom |
|||
(Roth) Kützing |
|
A tabellariaceous diatom |
|||||
Tetracyclus |
(Ehrenberg) Grunow |
|
A tabellariaceous diatom |
||||
Ralfs |
|
A tabellariaceous diatom |
|||||
incertae sedis | Diatoma |
W. Smith |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
|||
Grunow |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
|||||
Bory de Saint-Vincent |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
|||||
(Kützing) Braun in Rabenhorst |
|
A bacillariophyceopus diatom of uncertain affiliation
|
|||||
Himantidium |
Ehrenberg |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
||||
Ehrenberg |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
|||||
Kützing |
|
A diatom of uncertain familial affiliation |
Referecnes
- S2CID 128833093.
- PMID 29900070.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link - ^ doi:10.3133/pp140A.
- ^ doi:10.3133/pp154h. 154-H.
- ^ doi:10.3133/pp186J.
- ^ HathiTrust Digital Library
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- ^ JSTOR 1303276.
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- ^ ISBN 0520098161. Retrieved 2021-03-28.
- ^ a b c Brown, R. (1935). "Miocene leaves, fruits, and seeds from Idaho, Oregon, and Washington". Journal of Paleontology. 9: 572–587.
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- ^ doi:10.1130/MEM51.
- ^ doi:10.2307/2480616.
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- ^ JSTOR 2445223.
- ^ JSTOR 10.1086/675693.
- ^ Berry, E.W. (1929). "The genus Amygdalus in North America". Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences. 19 (2): 41–43.
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- ^ a b Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera". Annales of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 309-312.
- ^ Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera". Annales of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 313-316.
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- ^ a b c Carpenter, F. M.; Cockerell, T. D. A.; Kennedy, C. H.; Snyder, T. E.; Wickham, H. F. (1931). "Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera". Annales of the Entomological Society of America. 24 (2): 319-322.
- ^ a b c Smith, G.; Miller, R. (1985). "Taxonomy of fishes from Miocene Clarkia lake beds, Idaho.". Late Cenozoic history of the Pacific Northwest. San Francisco: American Association for the Advancement of Science. pp. 75–83.
- ^ Stearley, R.; Smith, G. (2016). "Salmonid Fishes from Mio-Pliocene Lake Sediments in the Western Snake River Plain, Oregon and Idaho, and Great Basin Salmonid Diversity". Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. 204: 13–15.
- ^ doi:10.3133/pp140A.