Venta Silurum

Coordinates: 51°36′40″N 2°46′05″W / 51.611°N 2.768°W / 51.611; -2.768
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Venta Silurum
OS grid reference
ST469905
Venta Silurum is located in Monmouthshire
Venta Silurum
Location in Monmouthshire
Venta Silurum plan

Venta Silurum was a town in Roman Britain (Britannia). Today it consists of remains in the village of Caerwent in Monmouthshire, south east Wales.

Much of it has been

archaeologically excavated
and is on display to the public.

The nearby Newport Museum has many of the finds on display.

History

Foundation

Venta was established by the

Roman road between Isca Augusta (Caerleon) and Glevum (Gloucester) and close to the Severn Estuary
, was (in contrast with nearby "Isca") essentially established for civilian administration rather than for military purposes.

Development

Initially Venta had a forum and basilica. By the early 2nd century during the reign of Hadrian, the civitas had begun construction work on a market place and developing centre of local government. Public baths and shops, including a blacksmiths, were built about the same time. Remains of farms and dwellings, some with courtyards, have also been excavated.

A

early Christian worship had begun in the late 3rd century.[3]

The town lacked substantial defences until the mid 4th century when stone

town walls were built. A small garrison may have been based in the town during this period.[3] Large sections of the defensive walls are still in place, rising up to 5 metres (16 ft) in height in places. The walls have been described as "easily the most impressive town defence to survive from Roman Britain, and in its freedom from later rebuilding one of the most perfectly preserved in Northern Europe."[4]

Post-Roman legacy

Following the

Saint Tatheus in about the 6th century.[5] The site of the present church occupies part of an early Christian cemetery
.

The name Venta gave its name to the emerging

Caradog Freichfras of Gwent moved his court from Caerwent to Portskewett around the 6th century.[3]

Archaeology

Four Seasons mosaic from a domus
Fresco fragment from a domus
The Silurum Stone which refers to the "council of the Silures"

In 1881 a portion of a highly intricate coloured

floor mosaic or Tessellated pavement, depicting different types of fish, was unearthed during excavations in the garden of a cottage.[6]
In 1901 House VIII South was excavated and two mosaic floors found. One was the Four Seasons mosaic now in the Newport museum.

In 2008, a dig involving Wessex Archaeology and volunteers from the local Chepstow Archaeology Society, found a row of narrow shop buildings and a villa with painted walls, frescoes of Roman art and mosaic floors. Among the artefacts excavated were a bone penknife hilt depicting two gladiators fighting, coins, Roman glassware, ceramics, human and animal bones, lead patches used for repairing water pipes and pieces of mosaic.[7] These excavations featured in Channel 4's Time Team programme, broadcast on 25 January 2009.[8] In 2010 a programme of archaeological work carried out by Monmouth Archaeology made a number of finds.

Modern houses are built on top of half the site of the old Roman market place. The ruins of several Roman buildings are still visible, including the foundations of a 4th-century temple.[9] The rudimentary quality of most of the houses, few of which had mosaic or hypocaust-heated floors, indicates that, although a large settlement, Caerwent did not attain the importance or sophistication of other Romano-British tribal capitals.[10]

References

  1. ^ "Caerwent Roman City; Venta Silurum (93753)". Coflein. RCAHMW. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
  2. ^ Photograph of church
  3. ^
    ISBN 0-7083-1826-6
  4. ISBN 0-14-071053-1
    .
  5. ^ Ray Howell, "From the fifth to the seventh century", in The Gwent County History Volume 1: Gwent in Prehistory and Early History, University of Wales Press, 2004, p.244
  6. ^ Morgan, Octavius (1882). Goldcliff and the Ancient Roman Inscribed Stone Found There 1878. Monmouthshire & Caerleon Antiquarian Association.
  7. ^ Wessex Archaeology, Caerwent Roman Town, Monmouthshire, South Wales Archaeological Evaluation and Assessment of Results, Report reference: 68736.01 February 2009
  8. ^ Time Team
  9. ^ Photograph of temple foundations
  10. ^ Caerwent at Roman-Sites.com Archived 2011-07-15 at the Wayback Machine

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Venta Silurum.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Venta_Silurum&oldid=1210154729"