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Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that happen in living organisms to maintain life. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy and will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. As enzymes act as catalysts they allow these reactions to proceed quickly and efficiently. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or signals from other cells. The metabolism of an organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which it will find poisonous. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, also influences how much food an organism will require. (more...) Recently featured: Eastbourne manslaughter – Sacagawea dollar – Edmund Herring Archive – By email – More featured articles...
Did you know...
From Wikipedia's newest content: ... that in 1854, Democratic governor John W. Davis, but was removed from office when he joined the Know-Nothing Party? ... that the Indonesian literary group Lekra was accused of having foreknowledge of the attempted coup d'état in 1965? ... that the Thomas Hynes House, home to Nobu Matsuhisa's restaurant in Aspen, Colorado, is considered to epitomize the city's early miners' cottages? ... that Basotho Prime Minister Leabua Jonathan by Justin Lekhanya ? ... that Orator Shafer's 50 outfield assists in 1879 established a Major League Baseball record that has stood for over 130 years? ... that in 1992 the future Terminator ? Start a new article – Nominate an article

In the news
Turkey expels Israel's ambassador following Israel's refusal to apologize for its 2010 raid on a Gaza-bound flotilla. WikiLeaks publishes its entire cache of unredacted U.S. diplomatic cables, citing a security breach that led to its prior release. The ruling Democratic Party of Japan selects Yoshihiko Noda (pictured) as the country's new prime minister, following the resignation of Naoto Kan. Civil activist Anna Hazare ends his 12-day fast after the Parliament of India adopts a resolution to pass an ombudsman bill. elected President of Singapore . Recent deaths – More current events...
On this day...
Teachers' Day in India 1781 – American Revolutionary War: French naval forces handed Britain a major strategic defeat in the Battle of the Chesapeake. 1943 – World War II: American and Australian forces made an airborne landing at Nadzab as part of the New Guinea campaign against Japan. President of Senegal . Black September took hostage eleven Israeli athletes and coaches at the Olympic Games in Munich, West Germany ; all of the hostages were killed less than 24 hours later. robotic space probe Voyager 1 , currently the man-made object most distant from Earth. More anniversaries: September 4 – September 5 – September 6 List of historical anniversaries It is now September 5, 2011 (UTC) – Refresh this page

Today's featured list
" sūtras. (more... ) Recently featured: Doctor Who serials – Longest streams of Oregon – Donkey Kong video games Archive – More featured lists...

Today's featured picture

This natural-colour image shows winter sea ice melting off the eastern coastline of Canada's Baffin Island in summer (the only clouds visible here are along the right edge). Eddies along the coast have fashioned the ice into interlocking swirls, especially near Cumberland Sound (centre). Farther north, the ice is not melting as much. The sea ice retreat captured in this image appears typical of seasonal melt. Since the turn of the 21st century, however, Arctic sea ice extent has declined sharply, experiencing a series of low summertime extents and poor wintertime recoveries.

Photo: Jeff Schmaltz,

MODIS Rapid Response Team, Goddard Space Flight Center

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