Xenophobia and racism in the Middle East
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The article describes the state of race relations and racism in the Middle East. Racism is widely condemned throughout the world, with 174 states parties to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination by April 8, 2011.[1] In different countries, the forms that racism takes may be different for historic, cultural, religious, economic or demographic reasons.
Bahrain
Despite making up the majority of the population,
Iran
According to article 19 of the
Iraq
This section needs to be updated.(July 2021) |
During
Israel
On 22 February 2007, the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
Jordan
Racism is sometimes manifested in football where some people in the audience cause factious affairs since Jordanians usually support Al Faisaly football club and Palestinians support Al Wehdat.[citation needed]
Lebanon
Lebanon has been accused of practicing apartheid against Palestinian residents.[26][27][28][29] According to Human Rights Watch, "In 2001, Parliament passed a law prohibiting Palestinians from owning property, a right they had for decades. Lebanese law also restricts their ability to work in many areas. In 2006, Lebanon eliminated a ban on Palestinians holding most clerical and technical positions, provided they obtain a temporary work permit from the Labor Ministry, but more than 20 high-level professions remain off-limits to Palestinians. Few Palestinians have benefited from the 2005 reform, though. In 2009, only 261 of more than 145,679 permits issued to non-Lebanese were for Palestinians. Civil society groups say many Palestinians choose not to apply because they cannot afford the fees and see no reason to pay a portion of their salary toward the National Social Security Fund, since Lebanese law bars Palestinians from receiving social security benefits."[30]
In 2010, Palestinians were granted the same rights to work as other foreigners in the country.[31]
Oman
Omani society is largely
Palestine
Various Palestinian organizations and individuals have been regularly accused of being antisemitic. Howard Gutman believes that much of Muslim hatred of Jews stems from the ongoing Arab–Israeli conflict and that peace would significantly reduce anti-semitism.[42]
Qatar
Citizens in Qatar discriminate against migrant workers even though they make up most of the population.[43] The backlash comes from the working conditions that they put their migrant workers through. These workers are usually placed in dangerous work zones that they have no choice but to stick by as there are no other jobs available.[43] The instances that happened in the World Cup 2022 are an example.
Saudi Arabia
Racism in Saudi Arabia against labor workers who are foreigners, mostly from developing countries. Asian maids have been persecuted victims of racism and discrimination in the country,[45][46][47][48] foreign workers have been exploited, under- or unpaid, physically abused,[49] overworked and locked in their places of employment. The international organisation Human Rights Watch (HRW) describes these conditions as "near-slavery" and attributes them to "deeply rooted gender, religious, and racial discrimination".[50] In many cases the workers are unwilling to report their employers for fear of losing their jobs or further abuse.[50]
There were several cases of
Turkey
In recent years, racism in Turkey has increased towards other Middle Eastern nationals such as
See also
- Anti-Arabism
- Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment
- Antisemitism in the Arab world
- Antisemitism in Islam
- Geography of antisemitism
- Islamophobia
- Persecution of Muslims
- Racism by country
- Racism in Africa
- Racism in the Arab world
- Racism in Asia
- Racism in Muslim communities
References
- ^ "Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 68th and 69th session". United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.
- ^ "Religion and Politics in Bahrain: Facts on the Ground: A Reliable Estimate of Bahrain's Sunni-Shi'i Balance, and Evidence of Demographic Engineering". bahrainipolitics.blogspot.co.uk. 2011-04-05. Retrieved 2016-03-02.
- ^ Aryn Baker [1] "Why A Saudi Intervention into Bahrain Won't End the Protests" March 14, 2011, Time Magazine.
- ^ "A Smearing Campaign against the Shiite Bahraini Citizens with the Participation of the Bahraini Crown Prince and the Ambassador of Bahrain in Washington", Bahrain Centre for Human Rights, viewed Mar 31, 2011
- Christian Science Monitor.
- ^ Nakash, Yitzhak (2006). Reaching for Power: The Shi'a in the Modern Arab World (PDF). Princeton University Press. p. 24.
- ^ Bobby Ghosh (5 March 2007). "Behind the Sunni-Shi'ite Divide". Time magazine. Archived from the original on February 26, 2007. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
- ^ Ameen Izzadeen [24] "Bahrain: the butchery of democracy dream," March 18, 32011, Daily Mirror
- Christian Science Monitor.
- ^ "Iranian Government Constitution, English Text - Iran Online". Archived from the original on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2017-08-21.
- ^ a b Rubin, Michael. "Iraq." The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East. Ed. Avraham Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002. pp. 410–419.
- ^ "Christians, targeted and suffering, flee Iraq". USA Today. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
- ^ "Nina Shea – Iraq's Endangered Minorities". The Washington Post. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
- ^ Out of Iraq, a flight of Chaldeans Archived 2008-06-05 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Steele, Jonathan (2006-11-30). "'We're staying and we will resist'". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
- ^ "Terror campaign targets Chaldean church in Iraq".
- ^ Crawford, Angus (2007-03-04). "Iraq's Mandaeans 'face extinction'". BBC News. Retrieved 2010-01-04.
- ^ "Iraqi officials: Truck bombings killed at least 500".
- ^ Ann McFeatters: Iraq refugees find no refuge in America. Seattle Post-Intelligencer May 25, 2007
- ^ "Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination". Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2007-11-27. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2008-02-12.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Hayer, Julia (2013-06-05). "Suspicion and Hate: Racist Attacks On Arabs Increase in Israel". Spiegel Online. Spiegel International.
- ^ Muhareb, Mahmoud. "An Analysis of Israeli public opinion". Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies.
- ^ Prusher, Ilene (2013-03-12). "Let's face it: Israel has a racism problem". Haaretz.
- ^ Khaled Abu Toameh [2] "Where's the international outcry against Arab apartheid?," March 17, 2011, Jerusalem Post.
- ^ Martin Regg Cohn [3] "Not all apartheid is created equal," The Star, March 21, 2011.
- ^ Adia Massoud [4] "Left in Lebanon," The Guaradian, May 25, 2007
- ^ Leeds Palestine Soidarity Campaign, [5] June 24, 2010
- ^ Human Rights Watch [6] "Lebanon: Seize Opportunity to End Discrimination Against Palestinians; Remove Restrictions on Owning Property and Working" June 18, 2010
- ^ Bakri, Nada (August 17, 2010). "Lebanon Gives Palestinians New Work Rights". The New York Times.
- ^ Miller, Judith (28 January 2009). "Creating Modern Oman: An Interview with Sultan Qabus".
{{cite magazine}}
: Cite magazine requires|magazine=
(help) - ^ ISBN 9780415672412.
Omani society largely remains attached to the pre-1970 tribal structure.
- ISBN 9781780760902.
- ^ "Oman". CIA – The World Factbook. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- ^ "BTI 2014 - Oman Country Report". Archived from the original on 2014-12-28.
- ^ a b c "Things We Don't Talk About".
- ^ "A Taboo Subject: The Desperate Plight of Domestic Workers in Oman".
- ^ "An Indian ends life every sixth day in Oman". The Times of India. 30 April 2012.
- ^ "Migrant Rights". 21 November 2013.
- ^ "Campaign in Oman to check suicide rate". 10 July 2012.
- ^ Gantz, Menachem (3 December 2011). "Jew-hate stems from conflict". ynet. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
- ^ S2CID 216241811.
- ISBN 978-1-349-52546-1, retrieved 2023-11-27
- ISBN 9780803985803. Retrieved 2011-04-22.
- ^ "Asian maids in Gulf face maltreatment". Middle East Online. 10 October 2004. Retrieved 31 May 2015.
- ^ Rabiya Parekh (2006-04-04). "World Service - World Have Your Say: South Asian workers in Saudi". BBC. Retrieved 2011-04-22.
- ^ "Saudi Arabia: Asian immigrant forced to clean mosques for 'skipping prayers' - Adnkronos Religion". Adnkronos.com. 2003-04-07. Retrieved 2011-04-22.
- ^ Chamberlain, Gethin (13 January 2013). "Saudi Arabia's treatment of foreign workers under fire after beheading of Sri Lankan maid for charges of murder". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
- ^ a b Human Rights Watch (14 July 2004). "'Bad Dreams:' Exploitation and Abuse of Migrant Workers in Saudi Arabia". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Retrieved 14 January 2013.
- ^ CMIP report: The Jews in World History according to the Saudi textbooks Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine. The Danger of World Jewry, by Abdullah al-Tall, pp. 140–141 (Arabic). Hadith and Islamic Culture, Grade 10, (2001) pp. 103–104.
- ^ "Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance" (PDF). Center for Religious Freedom. pp. 1–39. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-08-23. Retrieved March 6, 2023. 2006 Saudi Arabia's Curriculum of Intolerance, Report by Center for Religious Freedom of Freedom House. 2006
- ^ Tremblay, Pinar (2014-08-21). "Anti-Arab sentiment on rise in Turkey". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 2019-08-27.
- ^ "Syrian refugees who were welcomed in Turkey now face backlash". NBC News. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 2019-08-27.
- ^ Halis, Mujgan (2013-11-13). "Anti-Syrian sentiment on the rise in Turkey". Al-Monitor (in Turkish). Retrieved 2019-08-29.
- ^ "Afghan Migrants in Turkey Worried About Increased Deportations". www.voanews.com. Retrieved 2022-08-27.
- ^ ANI; ANI (2022-04-22). "Videos of 'Pakistani perverts' cause outrage on social media in Turkey". ThePrint. Retrieved 2022-08-27.
Further reading
- "The Arab World's Dirty Secret". Kalamu Ya Salaam. PostHaven.com.
- "Racism in the Middle East deserves our attention". The Grio Staff. thegrio. 3 December 2009.
External links
- "Ok I'm a racist". Dayi Hamid. The Iranian.