1537
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1537 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
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| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
| 375 before ROC 民前375年 | |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 69 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2079–2080 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳火猴年 (male Fire-Monkey) 1663 or 1282 or 510 — to — 阴火鸡年 (female Fire-Rooster) 1664 or 1283 or 511 |
Year 1537 (MDXXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–June
- January
- Henry VIII of England, is crushed.
- Battle of Ollantaytambo: Emperor Manco Inca Yupanqui is victorious against the Spanish and their Indian allies led by Hernando Pizarro.
- Cosimo Iof the junior branch of the Medici becomes the new duke.
- siege of Cuzco, thereby saving his antagonists, the Pizarro brothers.
- March 12 – Recife is founded by the Portuguese, in Brazil.[1][2]
- April – Spanish conquest of the Muisca: Bacatá, the main settlement of the Muisca Confederation, is conquered by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, effectively ending the Confederation in the Colombian Eastern Andes.[3]
- April 1 – The Archbishop of Norway Olav Engelbrektsson flees from Trondheim to Lier, Belgium.[4][5]
- June 2 – Pope Paul III publishes the encyclical Sublimis Deus, which declares the natives of the New World to be rational beings with souls, who must not be enslaved or robbed.[6][7]
- Siege of Hamar ends with the arrest of Bishop Mogens Lauritssøn, and the Catholic rebellion is definitively ended in Norway.
July–December
- July – Rodrigo Orgóñez occupies and sacks the Inca center of Vitcos but Manco Inca Yupanqui escapes and establishes the independent Neo-Inca State elsewhere in Vilcabamba, Peru.[8]
- August 15 – Asunción is founded by Juan de Salazar de Espinosa.[9]
- August 25 – The Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army, and the second most senior, is formed.
- August–September – The Ottoman Empire fails to capture Corfu,[10] but this year does conquer the islands of Paros and Ios under Hayreddin Barbarossa.[11]
- puerperal fever.[12]
- Kashmiri sultan Muhammad Shah died and he was succeeded by Shams al-Din Shah II as sultan of Kashmiri Shah Mir Sultanate in 1537.
Date unknown
- The Spaniards bring the potato to Europe.[13]
- Kiritimati (Acea or "Christmas Island") is probably sighted by the Spanish mutineers from Hernando de Grijalva's expedition.[14]
- Bangalore is first mentioned.[15]
- Dissolution of the monasteries in Norway: Religious buildings dissolved by Christian III include: Bakke Abbey, Munkeby Abbey, Tautra Abbey, Nidarholm Abbey, Gimsøy Abbey and Utstein Abbey.
- Publication of complete Bible translations into English, both based on Tyndale's:
- Myles Coverdale's 1535 text, the first to be printed in England (by James Nicholson in Southwark, London)[16]
- The Matthew Bible edited by John Rogers under the pseudonym "Thomas Matthew" and printed in Antwerp.[16]
Ongoing
- .
Births
- January 16 – Albrecht VII, Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1605)[23]
- January 21 – Antonio Maria Salviati, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1602)[24]
- February 26 – Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern (d. 1575)[25]
- March 4 or January 23 – Longqing Emperor, Emperor of China (d. 1572)[26]
- May 18 – Guido Luca Ferrero, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1585)[27]
- May 20 – Hieronymus Fabricius, Italian anatomist (d. 1619)[28]
- May 27 – Louis IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Marburg, son of Landgrave Philip I (d. 1604)[29]
- May 31 – Shah Ismail II of Persia (d. 1577)[30][31]
- June 3 – João Manuel, Prince of Portugal, Portuguese prince (d. 1554)[32][33]
- July 20 – Arnaud d'Ossat, French diplomat and writer (d. 1604)[34]
- Pedro Téllez-Girón, 1st Duke of Osuna, Spanish duke (d. 1590)
- July 30 – Christopher, Duke of Mecklenburg and administrator of Ratzeburg (d. 1592)
- August 9 – Francesco Barozzi, Italian mathematician (d. 1604)[35]
- August 15 – Shimazu Toshihisa, Japanese samurai (d. 1592)
- October – Lady Jane Grey, claimant to the throne of England (d. 1554)[36][37]
- November 21 – Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Duke of Alba, Spanish military leader (d. 1583)[38]
- December 5 – Ashikaga Yoshiaki, Japanese shōgun (d. 1597)
- December 20 – King John III of Sweden (d. 1592)[39]
- December 24 – Willem IV van den Bergh, Stadtholder of Guelders and Zutphen (d. 1586)[40]
- December 26 – Albert, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1593)[41]
- date unknown
- Shimizu Muneharu, Japanese military commander (d. 1582)[43]
- John Almond, English Cistercian monk (d. 1585)
- Jan Krzysztof Tarnowski, Polish noble (d. 1567)[44]
- Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Japanese warlord (d. 1598)[45]
Deaths
_-_Santa_Maria_della_Salute_-_Venice_2016_(2).jpg)
- January 6
- Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (b. 1510)[46]
- Baldassare Peruzzi, Italian architect and painter (b. 1481)[47]
- January 12 – Lorenzo di Credi, Florentine painter and sculptor (b. 1459)[48]
- February 2 – Johann Carion, German astrologer and chronicler (b. 1499)[49]
- February 3 – Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare, Anglo-Irish noble, rebel (executed) (b. 1513)[50]
- February 8
- Otto von Pack, German conspirator (b. c. 1480)[51]
- Saint Gerolamo Emiliani, Italian humanitarian (b. 1481)[52]
- January 11 – John, Hereditary Prince of Saxony, German prince (b. 1498)[53]
- March 25 – Charles, Duke of Vendôme, French noble (b. 1489)[54]
- March 28 – Francesco of Saluzzo, Marquess of Saluzzo (b. 1498)[55]
- May 10 – Andrzej Krzycki, Polish archbishop (b. 1482)[56]
- May 24 – Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach, German princess (b. 1485)[57]
- June 2
- Francis Bigod, English noble, rebel (b. 1507)[58]
- Thomas Percy, English rebel (b 1504)[58]
- Adam Sedbar, English abbot and rebel (b. 1502)[58]
- June 23 – Pedro de Mendoza, Spanish conquistador (b. 1487)[59]
- June 29 – Henry Percy, 6th Earl of Northumberland, English noble (b. 1502)[60]
- July 7 – Madeleine of Valois, queen of James V of Scotland (b. 1520)[61]
- July 12 – Robert Aske, English lawyer, rebel (executed) (b. 1500)[62]
- September 4 – Johann Dietenberger, German theologian (b. c. 1475)[63]
- September 7 – Nikolaus von Schönberg, German Catholic cardinal (b. 1472)[64]
- September 20 – Pavle Bakić, last Serb Despot and medieval Serb monarch[65]
- September 25 – William Framyngham, English author[66]
- October 29 – Elizabeth Lucar, English calligrapher (b. 1510)[67]
- December 10 or December 11 – Andrey of Staritsa, son of Ivan III of Russia the Great (b. 1490)[68][69]
- date unknown – John Kite, Archbishop of Armagh and Bishop of Carlisle[70]
- probable – Thomas Murner, German satirist (b. 1475)[71]
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