1510s
The 1510s decade ran from January 1, 1510, to December 31, 1519.
Millennium |
---|
2nd millennium |
Centuries |
Decades |
Years |
|
Categories |
Events
1510
January–June
- January – Catherine of Aragon gives birth to her first child, a stillborn daughter.[1]
- Henry VIII of England jousts anonymously at Richmond, Surrey and draws applause, before revealing his identity.[2][3]
- January 29 – The Mary Rose ship is laid out.[4] The next year the ship is launched on July 29, 1511, and is afterwards towed to London to be fitted, and is finally completed in 1512.[5] In 1545, during the Battle of the Solent, she sank.[6]: 2 The reason for her sinking is disputed with contemporary accounts claiming the ship was heeled over or sank by French ships with gunfire, although modern historians believe it was sunk due to being unstable.[6]: 22–23
- February 27–November 25 – Portuguese conquest of Goa: Afonso de Albuquerque of Portugal conquers Goa.[7]
- March 1 – Battle of Salt River: Indigenous ǃUriǁʼaekua decisively defeat sailors of the Portuguese Empire in South Africa.[8]
- May 12 – The Prince of Anhua rebellion begins when Zhu Zhifan, Prince of Anhua, kills all the officials invited to a banquet, and declares his intent on ousting the powerful Ming dynasty eunuch Liu Jin, during the reign of the Zhengde Emperor in China.[9]
- May 30 – Rebel leader Zhu Zhifan is defeated and captured by commander Qiu Yue, ending the Prince of Anhua rebellion.[9]
July–December
- Italian statesand the rest of Europe.
- Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy is founded when Henrich Krummedige is appointed chief captain of all those who are at sea.[10]
- September 3 – Sir Thomas More becomes undersheriff of the City of London.[11]
- Ava Kingdom in upper Burma, by establishing the Toungoo dynasty.
- Shah Ismail I's defeats the Uzbek forces of Shaybani Khan, in Khorasan.[12]: 67–68 Shaybani flees the battle only to be captured and killed by Ismail I troops, his head is turned into a skull cup used as a drinking goblet.[12]: 68–69
Date unknown
- The
- publishes De Cardinalatu, a manual for cardinals, including advice on palatial architecture – which inspires
- Sunflowers are brought to Europe by Spaniards.[15]
1511
January–June
- .
- April 9
- St John's College, Cambridge, England, founded by Lady Margaret Beaufort, receives its charter.[16]
- The Şahkulu Rebellionbreaks out in Anatolia.
July–December
- .
- Sultanate of Malacca, giving Portugal control over the Strait of Malacca, through which all sea-going trade between China and India is concentrated. The Sultanate then establishes rule from Johor, starting decades of skirmishes against the Portuguese to regain the fallen city. While taking the city, the Portuguese slaughter a large community of Chinese merchants living there.[18] Malacca is the first city in Southeast Asia to be taken by a Western nation, gaining home rule only in 1957, when it becomes part of Malaysia.
- October 1 – During the War of the League of Cambrai Pope Julius II proclaims a Holy League against French dominance in Italy. It is an alliance between the Papal States, the Swiss Confederation, Venice (which had been the opponent of the League of Cambrai) and Aragon. Emperor Maximilian and the English king Henry VIII join the League soon after.
- great ship, the Michael, is launched at Newhaven, Edinburgh; she is the largest ship afloat at this date.[19]
- Henry VIII of England and Ferdinand II of Aragon against France.
- Frol de la Mar, transporting Afonso de Albuquerque and the valuable treasure of the conquest of Malacca, sinks en route to Goa.
Date unknown
- Diego Velázquez and Hernán Cortés conquer Cuba; Velázquez is appointed Governor.
- Cananor, and as the liaison with the Indian rajah.
- After the fall of Malacca, Afonso de Albuquerque sends Duarte Fernandes on a diplomatic mission to Burma and Siam, becoming the first European to visit these countries diplomatically.
- Ferdinand II of Aragon observes that "one black can do the work of four Indians".
- Juan de Agramonte, a sailor from Spain, is thought possibly to have travelled to Newfoundland.
- The indigenous Taíno people revolt against the Spanish in southwestern Puerto Rico near Guánica.
- The first black slaves arrive in Colombia.
- The Spanish conquest of Yucatán begins.
- The Praise of Folly (Laus stultitiae).[20]
1512
January–June
- Mid-January – Following the death of Svante Nilsson, Eric Trolle is elected the new Regent of Sweden. He is, however, ousted after only six months in favour of Sten Sture the Younger.[21]
- Sack of Brescia.
- April 11 – War of the League of Cambrai – Battle of Ravenna:[22] French under Gaston of Foix, Duke of Nemours, defeat the Spanish under Raymond of Cardona, but Gaston is killed in the pursuit.
- May 3 – The Fifth Council of the Lateran begins.
- May 12 – Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, leads an English expedition into France and burns the port city of Brest.[23]
- Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
July–December
- July 23 – Sten Sture the Younger is elected new Regent of Sweden, deposing Eric Trolle.[21]
- August 10 – War of the League of Cambrai – Battle of Saint-Mathieu: The English navy defeats the French-Breton fleet. Both navies use ships firing cannons through ports, and each loses its principal ship — Regent and Marie-la-Cordelière — through a large explosion aboard the latter.
- Summer – War of the League of Cambrai: Ferdinand II of Aragon sends Don Fadrique de Toledo, to complete the Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre.
- October 19 – Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia).[24]
- University of Wittenberg.[24]
- Michelangelo Buonarroti, is exhibited to the public for the first time.
- December 27 – The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the conduct of settlers with regard to native Indians in the New World.
Date unknown
- Seram.
- Moluccas.
- Francisco Serrao and other shipwreck sailors with permission from the Ternate Sultanate build Fort Tolukko. It is one of the earliest, if not the first European style fortress in southeast Asia.
- Juan Ponce de León discovers the Turks and Caicos Islands.[25]
- Pedro Mascarenhas discovers Diego Garcia, and reaches Mauritius in the Mascarene Islands.
- Eastern OrthodoxChristians. Also, the Turks are not allowed to build mosques, to be buried, to own land or to settle in the country.
- The Medici Family comes back into power.[26]
- The word masque is first used to denote a poetic drama.
- Possible date – heliocentric astronomy De revolutionibus orbium coelestium; he sends it to other scientists interested in the matter by 1514.[27][28][29]
1513
January–June
- Innocent VIII, who were opposed to the relatively newer juniors that included Medici.[31]
- March 27 – Juan Ponce de León becomes the first European definitely known to sight Florida,[32] mistaking it for another island.[33]
- April 2
- Juan Ponce de León and his expedition become the first Europeans known to visit Florida, landing somewhere on the east coast.
- Juan Garrido (as part of Juan Ponce de León's expedition) becomes the first African known to visit North America,[34] landing somewhere on the east coast of Florida.
- Pearl River estuary.[35]
- June 6 – Italian Wars – Battle of Novara: Swiss mercenaries defeat the French under Louis II de la Trémoille,[36] forcing the French to abandon Milan and Italy.[37]
July–December
- July 22 – Christian II becomes King of Denmark and Norway.[38]
- August 16
- Battle of Dubica (part of the Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War): Croatian troops under Petar Berislavić, Ban (Viceroy) of Croatia, defeat an Ottoman army under Sanjak-bey Junuz-aga
- Henry VIII of England after a treaty is concluded in the aftermath of the Battle of the Spurs.[40]
- September – The dispute between Johann Reuchlin and Johannes Pfefferkorn concerning the Talmud and other Jewish books, is referred to Pope Leo X.
- September 9
- Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey. James's son, the Duke of Rothesay, becomes James V, King of Scots.[41]
- Leo X in a papal decision in 1520.[43]
- September 25 – Vasco Núñez de Balboa, first sees what will become known as the Pacific Ocean from the Isthimus of Darién.[44] This moment is later referenced in a poem by John Keats called "On First Looking into Chapman's Homer" with the line "silent upon a peak in Darién" although he mistakenly references Hernán Cortés as the one who saw the Pacific from Darién.[45]
- September 30 – A major rock avalanche occurs in the Southern side of the Swiss Alps at Monte Crenone, which destroys the village of Biasca, floods Bellinzona, and formed a lake of 390 m.a.s.l.[46]
- October 7 – Battle of La Motta (War of the League of Cambrai): Spanish troops under Ramón de Cardona decisively defeat those of the Republic of Venice under Bartolomeo d'Alviano in Schio.[47]
- December 17 – Appenzell becomes a member of the Swiss Confederacy.[49]
Undated
- Niccolò Machiavelli is suspected of trying to overthrow the House of Medici and is arrested and tortured. He is soon after released and he moves to his farm in San Casciano, and he writes The Prince.[50]
- Leo Africanus visits Timbuktu, second city of the Songhai Empire.[51]
- Ferrara University.[52]
1514
January–June
- January 10 – A great fire breaks out, in the Rialto of Venice.[53]
- March 12 – A huge exotic embassy sent by King Manuel I of Portugal to Pope Leo X arrives in Rome, including Hanno, an Indian elephant.
- Louis XII of France makes peace with Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor.
- May 2 – The Poor Conrad peasant revolt against Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg begins in Beutelsbach.[54]
- May 15 – The earliest printed edition of Saxo Grammaticus' 12th century Scandinavian history Gesta Danorum, edited by Christiern Pedersen from an original found near Lund, is published as Danorum Regum heroumque Historiae, by Jodocus Badius in Paris.
- June 13 – Henry Grace à Dieu, at over 1,000 tons the largest warship in the world at this time, built at the new Woolwich Dockyard in England, is dedicated.[55][56]
- June – Battle of Hornshole in the Scottish Borders: Young men from Hawick defeat a raiding party from England.[57]
July–December
- Charles III Johnwas crowned king in 1818.
- Henry VIII of England concludes an independent peace treaty with France in the War of the League of Cambrai, negotiated by Thomas Wolsey.
- Shah Ismail I.
- Grand Duchy of Moscow.[58]
- September 15 – Thomas Wolsey is appointed Archbishop of York in England.[59]
Date unknown
- Albrecht Dürer makes his famous engraving Melencolia I.
- Paolo Ricci (Camillo Renato) moves to Augsburg.
- Nicolaus Copernicus's Commentariolus, outlining his theory of heliocentrism, is written by this date.
1515
January–June
- Louis XII of France and ascension of Francis, Dauphin of France.
- Cathedral of Reims.[60]
- May 13 – Mary Tudor, Queen of France, and Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, are officially married at Greenwich (near London).[61]
- Bozkurt of Dulkadir.
July–December
- July 2 – Manchester Grammar School is endowed by Hugh Oldham, the first free grammar school in England.
- Anna.
- August 25 – Conquistador Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar founds Havana, Cuba.
- September 13–14 – Battle of Marignano: The army of Francis I of France defeats the Swiss mercenaries, thanks to the timely arrival of a Venetian army. Francis restores French control of Milan.
- Cardinal.
- December 24 – Thomas Wolsey is named Lord Chancellor of England.
Date unknown
- Cardinal Wolsey orders construction to begin on what is to become Henry VIII's future summer residence Hampton Court Palace.
- The Portuguese are the first Europeans to land in Timor island, as the first settlers arrive to the north coast of Madeira Island, there establishing Saint George.
- Dürer's Rhinoceros is cut.
- The Ottomans conquer the last beyliks of Anatolia, the Beylik of Dulkadir and the Ramadanid Emirate.
- Henry Cornelius Agrippa returns to Northern Italy.
1516
January–June
- January – Juan Díaz de Solís is said to have discovered the Río de la Plata (in future Argentina),[64] although there was likely an expedition earlier in 1511-1512 by João de Lisboa and Estevão de Fróis.[65]
- Queen Joanna of Castile also succeeds as Queen of Aragon and co-monarch with Carlos, but remains confined at Tordesillas.
- Desiderius Erasmus publishes a new Greek edition of the New Testament, Novum Instrumentum omne, in Basel.[67]
- March 29 – The Venetian Ghetto is instituted in the Republic of Venice.[68]
- April 23 – The Reinheitsgebot is instituted in Ingolstadt, Bavaria, regulating the purity of beer permissible for sale.[69]
July–December
- Louise of France to Charles.[71]
- August 18 – King Francis I of France and Pope Leo X sign the Concordat of Bologna, agreeing on the relationship between church and state in France.[72]
- Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–17)): The Ottoman Sultan Selim I defeats the mamluk forces commanded by the sultan Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri.[73]
- Grand Vizier Sinan Pasha defeat the Mamluks near Gaza.
- c. December –
Date unknown
- Italian explorer Ming Dynasty.
- Portuguese soldier Fernão Lopes becomes the first known permanent inhabitant of Saint Helena.
- Leonardo da Vinci accepts Francis I's invitation to France.[76]
- The predecessor of the Henry VIII of England.[77]
- Gillingham School is founded, the oldest in Dorset, England.
- social housing complex still in use.[78]
- The fall of the Nantan meteorite is possibly observed near the city of Nantan, Nandan County, Guangxi (China).[79]
1517
January–June
- January 22 – Battle of Ridaniya: The Holy Ottoman army of the sultan Selim I defeat the Mamluk army in Egypt, under Tuman bay II.[80]
- Mamluk Sultanate falls.[82]
- Cape Catochetwenty-one days later, and are met with hostility by the natives.
- March 16 – The Fifth Council of the Lateran ends.[84]
- May 1 – Evil May Day: Xenophobic riots break out in London.[85]
July–December
- Pearl River estuary and lands, at what is now in the jurisdiction of Hong Kong. Although the first European trade expeditions to China took place in 1513 and 1516 by Jorge Álvares and Rafael Perestrello, respectively, Andrade's mission is the first official diplomatic mission of a European power to China, commissioned by a ruler of Europe (Manuel I of Portugal).
- 95 Theses (posting them on the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church).[86] This story is possibly apocryphal. [87]
Date unknown
- Grand Prince
- A third outbreak of the sweating sickness in England hits Oxford and Cambridge.[89] It is said that in Oxford that upwards of 400 students died in less than a week.[90]
- The Abbasid Caliphate of Cairo, reestablished in 1261, falls to the Ottomans.[91]
1518
January–June
- Grand Duke of Lithuania, marries Milanese noblewoman Bona Sforza in Wawel Cathedral and she is crowned as Queen consort of Poland.[92]
- May 26 – A transit of Venus occurs.[93]
July–December
- July – Dancing plague of 1518: A case of dancing mania breaks out in Strasbourg, in which many people die from constant dancing.[94]
- August 10 – Construction of the Manchester Grammar School is completed in England.[95] The total cost of the project was £218 13s 5d.
- October 3 – The Treaty of London temporarily ensures peace in Western Europe.[96][97]
Date unknown
- The Ibrahim Lodiof Delhi.
- A
- Johann Froben publishes Erasmus's work Colloquies, which was unauthorized, and it took until 1519 that an authorized version would be published.[99]
- Henricus Grammateus publishes Ayn neu Kunstlich Buech in Vienna, containing the earliest printed use of plus and minus signs for arithmetic.[100]
- The remnants of The , 65 years earlier
1519
January–June
- Ulrich Zwingli preaches for the first time, as people's priest of the Great Minister in Zürich.
- March 4 – Hernán Cortés and his conquistadores land in Mexico.
- Veracruz.[101]
- June 28 – Charles I of Spain becomes Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (rules until 1556).
July–December
- July 4 – Martin Luther joins the debate regarding papal authority, against Johann Eck at Leipzig.
- July 10 – The Prince of Ning rebellion begins, after Zhu Chenhao declares the Ming dynasty's Zhengde Emperor a usurper, and leads his army north in an attempt to capture Nanjing.
- August 15 – Panama City is founded.
- breech-loading Frankish culverin.
- September 20 – Ferdinand Magellan departs from Spain with a fleet of five ships, to sail westbound to the Spice Islands.
- Tlaxcalans, enter Cholula.
- Aztec ruler Moctezuma.
Date unknown
- The first civil revolt in Anatolia takes place, led by Alevi preacher Celâl.
- The Spanish invade Barbados.
- Spanish conquistador and founder of Panama City, Gaspar de Espinosa, sails up the Pacific coast from Panama to Nicaragua, landing at the Gulf of Nicoya.[102]
- Havana moves from the southern to the northern part of Cuba.
- A large pandemic spreads from the Greater Antilles into Central America, and perhaps as far as Peru in South America. This widespread epidemic kills off much of the indigenous populations in these areas (the first widely documented epidemic in the New World).[103]
- Central Mexico Amerindians' population reaches 25.3 million.
- The Mexican Indian Warsbegin.
- Cacao comes to Europe.
- St. Olaf's Church, Tallinn is completed in Estonia.
- The first recorded fatal accident involving a gun in England is recorded at Welton, East Riding of Yorkshire.
Births
1510
- February 24 – Costanzo II Sforza, Italian noble (d. 1512)[104]
- March 25 – Guillaume Postel, French linguist (d. 1581)[105]
- March 30 – Antonio de Cabezón, Spanish composer and organist (d. 1566)[106]
- June 6 – Giovanni Battista Cicala, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1570)[107]
- August 11 – Margaret Paleologa, Sovereign Marchioness of Montferrat (1531–1540) (d. 1566)[108]
- August 24 – Elisabeth of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen (1525–1540) (d. 1558)[109]
- October 6
- Rowland Taylor, English Protestant martyr (d. 1555)
- John Caius, English physician (d. 1573)[110]
- October 25 – Renée of France, French princess (d. 1574)[111]
- October 28 – Francis Borgia, Spanish General of the Jesuits (d. 1572)[112]
- December 28 – Nicholas Bacon, English politician (d. 1579)[113]
- date unknown
- Jörg Breu the Younger, German painter (d. 1547)[114]
- Ferenc Dávid, Hungarian founder of the Unitarian Church (d. 1579)[115]
- Solomon Luria, Polish-born Kabbalist (d. 1574)[116]
- Oda Nobuhide, Japanese warlord (d. 1551)[117]
- Bernard Palissy, French potter and writer[118]
- Elizabeth Lucar, English calligrapher (d. 1537)[119]
- Ambroise Paré, French surgeon (d. 1590)[120]
- Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, French naval officer (d. 1571)[121]
- Pierre de Manchicourt, Flemish composer (d. 1564)[122]
- Gracia Mendes Nasi, Portuguese businessperson and philanthropist (d. 1569)[123]
- Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, Spanish conquistador (d. 1554)[124]
- probable
- Tullia d'Aragona, Italian poet, author and philosopher (d. 1556)[125]
- Aloysius Lilius, Italian inventor of the Gregorian calendar (d. 1576)[126]
- Luis de Morales, Spanish religious painter (d. 1586)[127]
- Lope de Rueda, Spanish dramatist and author (d. 1565)[128]
- Claudio Veggio, Italian composer[129]
1511
- Henry VIII of England[130]
- April 2 – Ashikaga Yoshiharu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1550)
- April 5 – John III, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken, German noble (d. 1574)
- June 4 – Honorat II of Savoy, French Navy admiral (d. 1580)
- June 6 – Jakob Schegk, German physician (d. 1587)
- June 18 – Bartolomeo Ammannati, Florentine architect and sculptor (d. 1592)
- July 9 – Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg, consort of Christian III from 1525, and Queen of Denmark and Norway (d. 1571)
- July 30 – Giorgio Vasari, Italian painter and architect (d. 1574)[131]
- August 24 – Jean Bauhin, French physician (d. 1582)
- September 28 – Matsudaira Kiyoyasu, Japanese daimyo (d. 1535)
- September 29 – Michael Servetus, Spanish theologian (d. 1553)
- October 22 – Erasmus Reinhold, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1553)
- November 8 – Paul Eber, German Lutheran theologian (d. 1569)
- November 15 – Johannes Secundus, Dutch poet (d. 1536)
- Maldev Rathore, ruler of Marwar (d. 1562)
- date unknown
- Amato Lusitano, Portuguese Jewish physician (d. 1568)
- Birgitte Gøye, Danish county administrator, lady in waiting, landholder and educator (d. 1574)
- Kimotsuki Kanetsugu, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1566)
- Luís de Velasco, Spanish viceroy of New Spain (d. 1564)
- Nicola Vicentino, Italian music theorist and composer (d. 1576)
- Nicholas Bobadilla, one of the first Spanish Jesuits (d. 1590)
- Pierre Viret, Swiss reformed theologian (d. 1571)
- Gaspar Cervantes de Gaeta, Spanish cardinal (d. 1575)
1512
- January 13 – Gaspar de Quiroga y Vela, General Inquisitor of Spain (d. 1594)
- January 17 – Sibylle of Cleves, electress consort of Saxony (d. 1554)
- January 31 – Henry, King of Portugal and Cardinal (d. 1580)[132]
- February 3 – John Hamilton, archbishop of St Andrews (d. 1571)
- February 22 – Pedro Agustín, Spanish Catholic bishop (d. 1572)
- March 5 – Gerardus Mercator, Flemish cartographer (d. 1594)
- April 10 – James V of Scotland, King of Scots (d. 1542)[133]
- Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel, Chancellor of the University of Oxford (d. 1580)
- April 30 – George II, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, Count of Glatz (d. 1553)
- July 5 – Cristoforo Madruzzo, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1578)
- July 25 – Diego de Covarrubias y Leyva, Spanish jurist, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Cuenca (d. 1577)
- August ? – Catherine Parr, English queen consort (d. 1548)[134]
- August 27 – Friedrich Staphylus, German theologian (d. 1564)
- November 4 – Hu Zongxian, Chinese general (d. 1565)
- November 9 – Jon Simonssøn, Norwegian humanist (d. 1575)
- November 11 – Marcin Kromer, Prince-Bishop of Warmia (d. 1589)
- Boniface IV, Marquess of Montferrat, Italian nobleman (d. 1530)
- date unknown
- Robert Recorde, Welsh physician and mathematician (d. 1558)[135]
- Gissur Einarsson, first Lutheran bishop in Iceland (d. 1548)
1513
- February 14 – Domenico Ferrabosco, Italian composer (d. 1573)[136]
- March 15 – Hedwig Jagiellon, Electress of Brandenburg (d. 1573)
- April 22 – Tachibana Dōsetsu, Japanese Daimyō (d. 1585)
- August 3 – John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Küstrin (d. 1571)[138]
- September 23 – Hans Buser, Swiss noble (d. 1544)
- Gustav I of Sweden (d. 1535)
- October 30 – Jacques Amyot, French writer (d. 1593)[139]
- December 3 – Lorenzo Strozzi, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1571)[140]
- December 23 – Thomas Smith, English scholar and diplomat (d. 1577)[141]
- date unknown
- Abe Motozane, Japanese general (d. 1587)[142]
- Anna Hogenskild, Swedish lady-in-waiting (d. 1590)[143]
- Michael Baius, Belgian theologian (d. 1589)[144]
- George Cassander, Flemish theologian (d. 1566)[145]
- Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare (d. 1537)[146]
- Elisabeth Plainacher, Austrian alleged witch (d. 1583)
1514
- January 1 – George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly, Scottish noble (d. 1562)
- January 23 – Hai Rui, Chinese official of the Ming Dynasty (d. 1587)
- January 27 – Bernardino Maffei, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1553)
- February 8 – Daniele Barbaro, Venetian churchman, diplomat and scholar (d. 1570)
- February 10 – Domenico Bollani, Bishop of Milan (d. 1579)
- February 16 – Georg Joachim Rheticus, Austrian cartographer and scientific instrument maker (d. 1574)
- February 22 – Tahmasp I, Shah of Iran (d. 1576)
- February 22 – Johannes Gigas, German theologian (d. 1581)
- February 26 – Otto Truchsess von Waldburg, German Catholic cardinal (d. 1573)
- March 8 – Amago Haruhisa, Japanese samurai and warlord (d. 1561)
- March 23 – Lorenzino de' Medici, Italian writer and assassin (d. 1548)
- Guidobaldo II della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, Italian condottiero (d. 1574)
- April 5 – Joachim Mörlin, German bishop (d. 1571)
- April 30 – Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross, Scottish prince (d. 1515)
- May 28 – Shimazu Takahisa, daimyō and fifteenth head of the Shimazu clan (d. 1571)
- June 16 – John Cheke, English classical scholar and statesman (d. 1557)
- García Álvarez de Toledo, 4th Marquis of Villafranca, Spanish noble and admiral (d. 1577)
- September 12 – Philip, Duke of Mecklenburg, (d. 1557)
- September 20 – Philipp IV, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1590)
- September 24 – Prospero Santacroce, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1589)
- October 7 – Queen Inseong, Korean royal consort (d. 1578)
- October 31 – Wolfgang Lazius, Austrian historian (d. 1565)
- November 29 – Andreas Musculus, German theologian (d. 1581)
- November 30 – Andreas Masius, German Catholic priest (d. 1573)
- December 31 – Andreas Vesalius, Flemish anatomist (d. 1564)
- date unknown
- Hosokawa Harumoto, Japanese military leader (d. 1563)
- George Gordon, 4th Earl of Huntly, Scottish nobleman (d. 1562)
- Charles de Mornay, Swedish (originally French) court official, diplomat and royal favorite (d. 1574)
- John Knox, Scottish clergyman, theologian and writer (d. 1572)
- Barbara Uthmann, German businessperson (d. 1575)
1515
- January 1 – Johann Weyer, Dutch physician (d. 1588)
- February 4 – Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł, Polish magnate (d. 1565)
- February 14 – Frederick III, Elector Palatine, ruler from the house of Wittelsbach (d. 1576)
- February 18 – Valerius Cordus, German physician, botanist and author (d. 1544)
- March 10 – Injong of Joseon, 12th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (d. 1545)
- March 12 – Caspar Othmayr, German Protestant priest, theologian and composer (d. 1553)
- March 28 – Teresa of Ávila, Spanish Carmelite nun, poet and saint (d. 1582)
- May 2 – Sibylle of Saxony, Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg (d. 1592)
- May 12
- Christoph, Duke of Württemberg (1550–1568) (d. 1568)
- Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassilis, Scottish politician and judge (d. 1558)
- Anne Parr, Countess of Pembroke, English countess (d. 1552)
- Eleonora d'Este, Ferranese noblewoman (d. 1575)
- July 10 – Francisco de Toledo, Viceroy of Peru (d. 1582)
- July 14 – Philip I, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast (d. 1560)
- July 21 – Philip Neri, Italian Roman Catholic saint (d. 1595)
- September 8 – Alfonso Salmeron, Spanish biblical scholar and early Jesuit (d. 1585)
- October 4 – Lucas Cranach the Younger, German painter (d. 1586)
- Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães, son of King Manuel I of Portugal (d. 1540)
- October 8 – Margaret Douglas, daughter of Archibald Douglas (d. 1578)
- October 15 – Leone Strozzi, French Navy admiral (d. 1554)
- October 29
- Vincenzo Borghini, Italian monk (d. 1580)
- Mary of Bourbon, daughter of Charles, Duke of Vendôme (d. 1538)
- November 22 – Mary of Guise, queen of James V of Scotland and regent of Scotland (d. 1560)[148]
- December 15 – Maria of Saxony, Duchess of Pomerania (d. 1583)
- date unknown
- Gilbert Kennedy, 3rd Earl of Cassilis, Scottish peer (d. 1558)
- Sebastian Castellio, rector of the College of Geneva (d. 1563)
- Sehzade Mustafa, First born son of Suleiman the Magnificent by Mahidevran Hatun (d. 1553)
- Cristóbal Acosta, Portuguese doctor and natural historian (d. 1580)
- Injong of Joseon, 12th king of the Joseon Dynasty of Korea (d. 1545)
- Pierre de la Ramée, French humanist scholar (d. 1572)
- Thomas Seckford, Master of Requests for Elizabeth I of England (d. 1587)
- Thomas Watson, English Catholic bishop (d. 1584)
- probable
- Leonard Digges, English mathematician and surveyor (d. c. 1559)
- Jean Maillard, French composer
- Laurence Nowell, English antiquarian (d. 1571)
- Cipriano de Rore, Flemish composer and teacher (d. 1565)
- Nicholas Throckmorton, English churchman, last abbot of Westminster (d. 1571)
- John Willock, Scottish reformer (d. 1585)
1516
- January 14 – Herluf Trolle, Danish admiral (d. 1565)[150]
- January 16 – Bayinnaung, King of Burma (d. 1581)
- February 2 – Girolamo Zanchi, Italian theologian (d. 1590)[151]
- February 16 – Prospero Spani, Italian sculptor (d. 1584)[152]
- March 15 – Alqas Mirza, Safavid prince (d. 1550)[154]
- March 26 – Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist (d. 1565)[155]
- April 16 – Tabinshwehti, King of Burma (d. 1550)
- April 23 – Georg Fabricius, Protestant German poet (d. 1571)[156]
- June 28 – Charles Blount, 5th Baron Mountjoy, English courtier and patron of learning (d. 1544)[157]
- July 27 – Emilie of Saxony, German nobleman (d. 1591)[158]
- July 28 – William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, German nobleman (d. 1592)[159]
- August 13 – Hieronymus Wolf, German historian (d. 1580)[160]
- September 21 – Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox (d. 1571)[162]
- October 23 – Charlotte of Valois, French princess (d. 1524)[163]
- Ruy Gómez de Silva, Portuguese noble (d. 1573)
- November 5 – Martin Helwig, German cartographer of Silesia (d. 1574)[164]
- December 21 – Giuseppe Leggiadri Gallani, Italian poet and dramatist (d. 1590)[165]
- date unknown
- John Foxe, biographer (d. 1587)[166]
- Manco Inca Yupanqui, ruler of the Inca (d. 1544)[167]
- Margaretha Coppier, Dutch heroine (d. 1597)[169]
1517
- January 17
- Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English duke (d. 1554)[170]
- Antonio Scandello, Italian composer (d. 1580)[171]
- January 30 – Joannes Aurifaber Vratislaviensis, German theologian (d. 1568)[172]
- January 31 – Gioseffo Zarlino, Italian composer (d. 1590)[173]
- February 2 – Gotthard Kettler, Duke of Courland and Semigallia (d. 1587)
- February 12 – Luigi Cornaro, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1584)[174]
- March 29 – Carlo Carafa, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1561)[175]
- May 1 – Svante Stensson Sture, Swedish count (d. 1567)[176]
- June 18 – Emperor Ōgimachi, Japanese emperor (d. 1593)
- June 29 – Rembert Dodoens, Flemish botanist (d. 1585)[177]
- July 10 – Odet de Coligny, French cardinal and Protestant (d. 1571)[178]
- July 16 – Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk, English duchess (d. 1559)[179]
- July 20 – Peter Ernst I von Mansfeld-Vorderort, Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands (d. 1604)[180]
- July 25 – Jacques Pelletier du Mans, French mathematician (d. 1582)[181]
- August 20 – Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle, statesman, French Catholic cardinal (d. 1586)[182]
- August 23 – Francis I, Duke of Lorraine (d. 1545)[183]
- September 6 – Francisco de Holanda, Portuguese artist (d. 1585)[184]
- October 17 – Amalia of Cleves, German princess and writer (d. 1586)[185]
- October 18 – Manuel da Nóbrega, Spanish Catholic priest (d. 1570)[186]
- date unknown
- Hayashi Narinaga, Japanese samurai (d. 1605)
- Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, English aristocrat (d. 1547)[188]
1518
- February 2
- Johann Hommel, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1562)[189]
- Godfried van Mierlo, Dutch Dominican friar and bishop (d. 1587)[190]
- February 7 – Johann Funck, German theologian (d. 1566)[191]
- February 13 – Antonín Brus of Mohelnice, Moravian Catholic archbishop (d. 1580)[192]
- February 20 – Georg, Count Palatine of Simmern-Sponheim, (d. 1569)[193]
- February 21 – John of Denmark, Danish prince (d. 1532)[194]
- February 28 – Francis III, Duke of Brittany, Duke of Brittany (d. 1536)[195]
- March 8 – Sidonie of Saxony, Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg (d. 1575)[196]
- July 3 – Li Shizhen, Chinese physician, pharmacologist and mineralogist (d. 1593)
- August 8 – Conrad Lycosthenes, Alsatian humanist and encyclopedist (d. 1561)[198]
- September/October – Tintoretto, Italian painter (d. 1594)[199]
- November 26 – Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1564)[200]
- December 13 – Clara of Saxe-Lauenburg, Princess of Saxe-Lauenburg and Duchess of Brunswick-Gifhorn by marriage (d. 1576)
- December 17 – Ernest III, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (d. 1567)
- December 19 – Enrique de Borja y Aragón, Spanish noble of the House of Borgia (d. 1540)[201]
- date unknown
- James Halyburton, Scottish reformer (d. 1589)[202]
- Hubert Languet, French diplomat and reformer (d. 1581)[203]
- Edmund Plowden, English legal scholar (d. 1585)[204]
- Mayken Verhulst (a.k.a. Marie Bessemers), Flemish artist (d. 1596 or 1599)[205]
- possible –
1519
- January 1 – Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas, Spanish colonial administrator (d. 1593)
- January 18 – Isabella Jagiellon, queen consort of Hungary (d. 1559)
- René of Châlon, Prince of the House of Orange (d. 1544)
- February 15 – Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, first Spanish Governor of Florida (d. 1574)
- February 16 – Gaspard de Coligny, French Huguenot leader (d. 1572)
- February 17 – Francis, Duke of Guise, French soldier and politician (d. 1563)
- February 19 – Froben Christoph of Zimmern, author of the Zimmern Chronicle (d. 1566)
- March 4
- Hindal Mirza, Mughal Emperor (d. 1551)
- Adrian Stokes, English politician (d. 1586)
- March 17 – Thoinot Arbeau, French priest and author (d. 1595)
- Catherine Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk, English noblewoman (d. 1580)
- March 31 – King Henry II of France (d. 1559)[207]
- April 13 – Catherine de' Medici, Italian noblewoman, queen consort of Henry II of France and regent of France (d. 1589)[208]
- May 27 – Girolamo Mei, Italian humanist historian (d. 1594)
- June 6 – Andrea Cesalpino, Italian philosopher, physician, and botanist (d. 1603)
- Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1574)
- Henry VIII of England (d. 1536)
- June 23 – Johannes Goropius Becanus, Dutch physician, linguist and humanist (d. 1572)
- June 24 – Theodore Beza, French theologian (d. 1605)
- July 20 – Pope Innocent IX (d. 1591)[209]
- September 23 – Francis, Count of Enghien, French military leader (d. 1546)
- October 14 – Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Princess of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and by marriage Electress Palatine (d. 1567)
- November 9 – Ogasawara Nagatoki, Japanese daimyō (d. 1583)
- November 22 – Johannes Crato von Krafftheim, German humanist and physician (d. 1585)
- date unknown
- Janet Beaton, Scottish noblewoman (d. 1569)
- Nicholas Grimald, English poet (d. 1562)
- Edwin Sandys, English archbishop (d. 1588)
- Barbara Thenn, Austrian merchant and Münzmeister (d. 1579)
- Imagawa Yoshimoto, Japanese warlord (d. 1560)
- Paula Vicente, Portuguese artist, musician and writer (d. 1576)
- Stanisław Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (d. 1572)
- probable
- Thomas Gresham, English merchant and financier (d. 1579)
- Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1583)
- possible
- )
Deaths
1510
- February 1 – Sidonie of Poděbrady, Bohemian princess, duchess consort of Saxony (b. 1449)[210]
- February 28 – Juan de la Cosa, Spanish cartographer and explorer (b. c. 1460)[211]
- March 1 – Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer (b. c. 1450)[212]
- March 12 – Mihnea cel Rău, Prince of Wallachia (b. c. 1460)[214]
- May 17 – Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (b. 1445)[215]
- July 10 – Catherine Cornaro, Queen of Cyprus (b. 1454)[217]
- July 27 – Giovanni Sforza, Italian condottiere (b. 1466)[219]
- August 17
- Edmund Dudley, English statesman (b. c. 1462)[220]
- Richard Empson, English statesman[220]
- September 15 – Saint Catherine of Genoa (b. 1447)[221]
- September 17 – Giorgione, Italian painter (b. c. 1477)[222]
- September 18 – Ursula of Brandenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1488)[223]
- November 11 – Bohuslav Hasištejnský z Lobkovic, Bohemian writer (b. 1461)
- December 2 – Muhammad Shaybani, Khan of Bukhara (b. 1451)[12]: 68–69
- December 14 – Friedrich of Saxony (b. 1473)[224]
- December 31 – Bianca Maria Sforza, Holy Roman Empress (b. 1472)[225]
- date unknown
- Agüeybaná, Taino chief[226]
- Giovanna d'Aragona, Duchess of Amalfi, Italian regent (b. 1478)
- Mandukhai Khatun, Mongolian queen
1511
- January 9 – Demetrios Chalkokondyles, Greek classical scholar (b. 1424)
- January 20 – Oliviero Carafa, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1430)
- Henry VIII of England[227]
- April 1 – Francis of Denmark, Danish prince (b. 1497)
- April 2 – Bernard VII, Lord of Lippe, German nobleman (b. 1428)
- June 3 – Ahmad ibn Abi Jum'ah, North African Islamic scholar, author of the Oran fatwa
- June 13 – Hedwig, Abbess of Quedlinburg, Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg (b. 1445)
- Şahkulu Rebellion
- July 6 – Adolf III of Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein, Germany noble (b. 1443)
- July 12 – Albert I, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels, Count of Kladsko (b. 1468)
- August 2 – Andrew Barton, Scottish naval leader (b. c. 1466)
- September 6
- Ashikaga Yoshizumi, Japanese shogun (b. 1481)[228]
- William IV, Duke of Jülich-Berg, Count of Ravensberg (b. 1455)
- October 18 – Philippe de Commines, French-speaking Fleming in the courts of Burgundy and France (b. 1447)
- November 23
- Mahmud Begada, Sultan of Gujarat (b. 1458)
- Anne of York, daughter of King Edward IV of England (b. 1475)
- date unknown
- Diego de Nicuesa, Spanish conquistador and explorer
- Johannes Tinctoris, Flemish composer and music theorist (b. c. 1435)
- Estefania Carròs i de Mur, Spanish educator (b. 1455)
- Matthias Ringmann, German cartographer and humanist poet (b. 1482)
- Yusuf Adil Shah, founding leader of the Adil Shahi Dynasty
- probable – Antoine de Févin, French composer (b. c. 1470)
1512
- January 2 – Svante Nilsson, regent of Sweden since 1504 (b. 1460)[21]
- January 30 – Reinhard IV, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (1500–1512) (b. 1473)
- February 2 – Hatuey, Puerto Rican Taíno chief
- February 22 – Amerigo Vespucci, Italian merchant and cartographer, after whom the Americas are named (b. 1451)
- March 29 – Lucas Watzenrode, Prince-Bishop of Warmia (b. 1447)
- April 11
- Gaston de Foix, French military commander (b. 1489)
- Asakura Sadakage, 9th head of the Asakura clan (b. 1473)
- May 21 – Pandolfo Petrucci, ruler of Siena (b. 1452)
- Ottoman Sultan (b. 1447)
- June 20 – Goto Yujo, Japanese swordsman and artisan (b. 1440)
- August 2 – Alessandro Achillini, Italian philosopher (b. 1463)
- August 15 – Imperia Cognati, Italian courtesan (b. 1486)
- September 15 – John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl, Scottish peer (b. 1440)
- September 29 – Johannes Engel, German doctor, astronomer and astrologer (b. 1453)[229]
- October 5 – Sophia Jagiellon, Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Polish princess (b. 1464)
- October 31 – Anna of Saxony, Electress of Brandenburg (b. 1437)
1513
- January – Hans Folz, German author (b. c. 1437)[230]
- January 20 – Helena of Moscow, Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania and queen consort of Poland (b. 1476)[231]
- February 20 – King John of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (b. 1455)[232]
- February 21 – Pope Julius II (b. 1443)[233]
- March 10 – John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford, English general (b. 1443)[234]
- April 30 – Edmund de la Pole, 3rd Duke of Suffolk, Duke of Suffolk (b. 1471)[236][237]
- August 3 – Ernst II of Saxony, Archbishop of Magdeburg (1476–1513) and Administrator of Halberstadt (b. 1464)[238]
- September 9 (killed at the Battle of Flodden)
- James IV of Scotland (b. 1473)[239]
- George Douglas, Master of Angus (b. 1469)[240]
- William Douglas of Glenbervie (b. 1473)[241]
- William Graham, 1st Earl of Montrose, Scottish politician (b. 1464)[241]
- George Hepburn, Scottish bishop[242]
- Lord High Admiral of Scotland[241]
- Adam Hepburn of Craggis[243]
- David Kennedy, 1st Earl of Cassilis, Scottish soldier (b. 1478)[241]
- Alexander Lauder of Blyth, Scottish politician[244]
- Alexander Stewart, Scottish archbishop (b. 1493)[244]
- Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox, Scottish politician (b. 1488)[241]
- George Manners, 11th Baron de Ros, Englishnobleman
- date unknown
1514
- January 2 – William Smyth, English bishop and statesman (b. 1460)
- March 11 – Donato Bramante, Italian architect (b. 1444)[248]
- April 21 – Ichijō Fuyuyoshi, Japanese court noble (b. 1465)
- May 3 – Anna of Brandenburg, Duchess consort of Schleswig and Holstein (b. 1487)
- June 23 – Henry IV, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1463)
- June 25 – Suster Bertken Dutch anchorite (b. 1426)
- July 20 – György Dózsa, Transylvanian peasant revolt leader (b. 1470)
- October 21 – Alexander, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken and Count of Veldenz (1489–1514) (b. 1462)
- October 25 – William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop and statesman (b. 1431)
- November 28 – Hartmann Schedel, German cartographer (b. 1440)
- Henry VIII of England(stillborn)
- date unknown
- Agnes Fingerin, German philanthropist and businessperson
1515
- February 6 – Aldus Manutius, Venetian printer (b. c. 1449)
- March 16 – Queen Janggyeong, Korean royal consort (b. 1491)
- April 15 – Mikołaj Kamieniecki, Polish nobleman (szlachcic) and first Great Hetman of the Crown (b. 1460)
- Alaüddevle Bozkurt, Bey of Anatolian Dulkadir
- September 4 – Barbara of Brandenburg, Bohemian queen (b. 1464)
- September 9 – Joseph Volotsky, caesaropapist ideologist of the Russian Orthodox Church
- October – Bartolomeo d'Alviano, Venetian general (b. 1455)
- November 5 – Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter (b. 1474)
- December 2 – Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, Spanish general and statesman (b. 1453)
- December 16 – Afonso de Albuquerque, Portuguese naval general (b. 1453)
- December 18 – Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross, Scottish prince (b. 1514)
- date unknown
- Giovanni Giocondo, Italian friar, architect and classical scholar (b. c. 1433 in Verona)
- Eoghan Mac Cathmhaoil, Irish Bishop of Clogher since 1505
- Meñli I Giray, khan of the Crimean Khanate (b. 1445)
- Pietro Lombardo, Italian Renaissance sculptor and architect (b. 1435 in Carona (Ticino))
- Nezahualpilli, Aztec philosopher (b. 1464)
- Alonso de Ojeda, Spanish conquistador (b. 1466)
- probable
- Vincenzo Foppa, Italian Renaissance painter (b. 1430)
- Quilago, queen regnant of the Cochasquí in Ecuador (b. 1490)
1516
- January 20 – Juan Díaz de Solís, Spanish navigator and explorer (b. 1470)[250]
- January 23 – King Ferdinand II of Aragon (b. 1452)[251]
- Orthodox priest and saint[252]
- March 13 – Vladislaus II, king of Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia (b. 1456)[253]
- March 17 – Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, ruler of Florence (b. 1449)[254]
- April 25 – John Yonge, English diplomat (b. 1467)[255]
- June 14 – King John III of Navarre (b. 1469)[256]
- July 10 – Alice FitzHugh, English heir (b. 1448)
- July 30 – John V, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count (b. 1455)[257]
- August 9 (bur.) – Hieronymus Bosch, Dutch painter (b. 1450)[258]
- August 21 – John III of Egmont, Dutch count (b. 1438)
- August 24 – Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri, Mamluk sultan (b. c. 1441)[259]
- November 26 – Giovanni Bellini, Venetian painter (b. 1430)[260]
- December 13 – Johannes Trithemius, German scholar and cryptographer (b. 1462)[261]
- date unknown – Giuliano da Sangallo, Florentine sculptor and architect (b. 1443)[262]
1517
- January 7 – Joanna of Aragon, Queen of Naples (b. 1454)[264]
- January 22 – Hadım Sinan Pasha, Ottoman grand vizier (b. 1459)
- March 7 – Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal (b. 1482)[265][266]
- March 26 – Heinrich Isaac, Flemish composer (b. c. 1450)
- April 14 – Tuman bay II, last Mamluk sultan of Egypt (b. c. 1476)[267]
- June 19 – Luca Pacioli, Mathematician, collaborator with Leonardo da Vinci and 'father of accounting' (b. c. 1447)[268]
- September 13 – Yunus Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire[269]
- September 21 – Dyveke Sigbritsdatter, mistress of Christian II of Denmark (b. 1490)
- September 24 – Frederick IV of Baden, Dutch bishop (b. 1455)[270]
- October 31 – Fra Bartolomeo, Italian artist (b. 1472)[271]
- November 6 – Wiguleus Fröschl of Marzoll, Bishop of Passau (1500–1517) (b. 1445)[272]
- November 8 – Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, Spanish Catholic cardinal and statesman (b. 1436)[273]
- date unknown
- Badi' al-Zaman, Timurid ruler of Herat[274][275]
- Francisco Hernández de Córdoba, Spanish conquistador[276]
- Marcus Musurus, Greek scholar and philosopher (b. 1470)[277]
- probable
- Gaspar van Weerbeke, Dutch composer (b. 1445)[278]
1518
- February 9 – Jean IV de Rieux, Breton noble and Marshal (b. 1447)[279]
- May 31 – Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach, German margravine (b. 1494)[280]
- July 10 – Sibylle of Baden, Countess consort of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1485)[281]
- August 16 – Loyset Compère, French composer (b. c. 1445)[282]
- November 20
- Marmaduke Constable, English soldier (b. c. 1455)[284]
- November 24 – Vannozza dei Cattanei, mistress of Pope Alexander VI (b. 1442)[286]
- December 5 – Gian Giacomo Trivulzio, Italian military commander (b. c. 1440)[288]
- December 27 – Mahmood Shah Bahmani II, sultan of the Bahmani Sultanate (b. c. 1470)
- date unknown
- Kabir, Indian mystic (b. 1440)[289]
- Oruç Reis, Ottoman corsair, brother of Hayreddin Barbarossa[290]
- Guido Mazzoni, sculptor (b. c. 1445)[291]
- Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din, sultan of Adal (assassinated) (b. c. 1473)
- Basil Solomon, Syriac Orthodox Maphrian of the East.[292]
1519
- January 12
- Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1459)[293]
- Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Spanish explorer (b. 1475)[294]
- February 6 – Lorenz von Bibra, Prince-Bishop of the Bishopric of Würzburg (b. 1459)
- Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua (b. 1466)
- Henry, Count of Württemberg-Montbéliard (1473–1482) (b. 1448)
- April 18 – Sibylle of Bavaria, Electress Palatine consort (b. 1489)
- May 2 – Leonardo da Vinci, Italian inventor and artist (b. 1452)[295]
- May 4 – Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino (b. 1492)[296]
- May 13 – Artus Gouffier, Lord of Boissy, French nobleman and politician (b. 1475)
- June 2 – Philippe de Luxembourg, French Catholic cardinal (b. 1445)
- June 24 – Lucrezia Borgia, Duchess of Ferrara (b. 1480)[297]
- July 13 – Zhu Youyuan, Ming dynasty politician (b. 1476)
- July 27 – Zanobi Acciaioli, librarian of the Vatican (b. 1461)
- August 11 – Johann Tetzel, German opponent of the Reformation (b. 1465)[298]
- August 23 – Philibert Berthelier, Swiss patriot (b. c. 1465)
- September – John Colet, English churchman and educator (b. 1467)
- date unknown
- William Grocyn, English scholar (b. 1446)[299]
- Ambrosius Holbein, German painter (b. 1494)
References
- ISBN 978-1-872031-20-0.
- ISBN 978-0-345-43708-2. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Hall, Edward (1809). Hall's chronicle : containing the history of England, during the reign of Henry the Fourth, and the succeeding monarchs, to the end of the reign of Henry the Eighth. London: Printed for J. Johnson [etc.] p. 512. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-4728-4571-9. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-9544029-0-7. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-471-98485-6. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-972-23-2524-0. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Standard Encyclopaedia of Southern Africa, Capetown. 1970. p. 312.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Bill, Mikael; Mortensen, Leif; Kroer, Pernille; Mejdal, Niels. "Danmarks flåde i 500 år". yumpu.com (in Danish). Den Danske Maritime Fond. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-436-04282-9. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ a b c Samie, August Nabe (August 2020). "Shībānī Khān's Demise (1509-1510)". The Shibanid Question: Reassessing 16th Century Eurasian History in Post-Soviet Uzbekistan (PhD). The University of Chicago. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-85728-752-6. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-313-06296-4. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Myers, Robert L.; Minor, Harry C. "Sunflower: An American Native" (PDF). mospace.umsystem.edu. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-85227-030-8.
- ^ van Gent, Robert Harry. "Islamic-Western Calendar Converter". Utrecht University. Retrieved 2011-08-23.
- ^ Mentioned by Zhang Xie writing a century later.
- ISBN 978-0-7538-2663-8.
- ISBN 978-0-19-285043-0.
- ^ a b c Carl Georg STARBÄCK (1864). Öfversigt af riksföreståndarskapet i Sverige under unionstiden, etc. pp. 22–23.
- ^ Augustiniana. Augustijns Historisch Instituut. 1977. p. 202.
- ^ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p28
- ^ ISBN 978-1-72522-571-8.
- ^ Turks & Caicos Islands: Report for the Years ... H.M. Stationery Office. 1961. p. 45.
- ISBN 978-0-521-29337-2.
- ISBN 0-671-74919-6.
- ISBN 0-8027-1415-3.
- ISBN 0-8014-0504-1.
- ^ Gattina, Ferdinando Petruccelli della (1864). Histoire diplomatique des Conclaves (in French). Librairie Internationale. p. 493. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ "Sede Vacante 1513". www.csun.edu. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ISSN 0739-0041. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- JSTOR 43487548. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ "Juan Garrido (U.S. National Park Service)". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-000-64239-1. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
The first Portuguese explorer to land in Southern China was Jorge Alvares, who in May 1513 arrived in Lintin Island in the Pearl River Delta to engage in trade.
- ^ La patria; geografia dell' Italia: pte. 1 Introduzione generale. 1890 (in Italian). Unione tipografico-editrice. 1891. p. 26. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-85109-672-5. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-87907-531-6.
- ISBN 978-0-8020-1983-7.
- ^ "Henry VIII: August 1513, 21-31". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-872031-20-0.
- ^ a b c Price, David (3 November 2010). "Inquisition". Johannes Reuchlin and the Campaign to Destroy Jewish Books. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
- ^ Price, David (3 November 2010). "The Luther Affair". Johannes Reuchlin and the Campaign to Destroy Jewish Books. Oxford University Press. p. 202. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
- ^ Arroyo, Jaime; Diez, Miguel Arroyo (1907). Historia de la gobernación de Popayán: seguida de la cronología de los gobernadores durante la dominación española (in Spanish). Impr. del Departamento. p. 3. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
- ^ Colwell, James (1914). A Century in the Pacific. William H. Beale. p. 7. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
- S2CID 245884825. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-679-72197-0. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
- ^ a b Pastor, Ludwig Freiherr von (1908). The History of the Popes, from the Close of the Middle Ages: Drawn from the Secret Archives of the Vatican and Other Original Sources. J. Hodges. pp. 93–94. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-930664-06-0. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
- ^ Machiavelli, Niccolò; Donno, Daniel John (1966). The prince, and selected discourses. New York: Bantam Books. pp. 3–6. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-312-66693-4. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
- ^ Pagel, Walter (1982). Paracelsus. An Introduction To Philosophical Medicine In The Era Of The Renaissance. Karger. p. 10. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
- ^ The Unesco Courier. Unesco. 1996. p. 17.
- ISBN 978-1-139-45773-6.
- ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ISBN 0-85177-739-2.
- ^ "Hornshole Battle Site". Discover the Borders. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved 2013-08-06.
- ^ Polish Perspectives. Pałac Kultury i Nauki. 1978. p. 79.
- ^ ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ISBN 978-0-521-57885-1.
- ISBN 978-0-7123-5025-9.
- ^ Minster, Christopher (2015). "Fray Bartolomé de Las Casas (1484-1566) Part Two: Later Years". About.com. Archived from the original on February 9, 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
- ^ "Bartoleme de las Casas". OregonState.edu. 2015. Archived from the original on December 26, 2002. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
- ^ Grimshaw, William (1830). The History of South America, from the Discovery of the New World by Columbus, to the Conquest of Peru by Pizarro. Collins & Hannay. p. 89. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-521-34925-3. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ISBN 0-8014-9264-5.
- ^ Bruce, Archibald Kay (1936). Erasmus and Holbein. F. Muller. p. 16. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-8018-6512-1. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
- . Retrieved 17 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-90-04-44421-8. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
- ^ Collection des ordonnances des rois de France: Catalogue des actes de François Ier. Pairs: Imprimerie nationale. 1887. p. 85. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-521-27887-4. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
- ^ Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt. Vol. 15. American Research Center in Egypt. 1978. p. 80. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
- ^ Sporschil, Johann (1859). Die Geschichte der Deutschen von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf unsere Tage (in German). G.J. Manz. p. 546. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
- JSTOR 23973826. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-5011-3917-8. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ "Postmasters General" (PDF). gbps.org.uk. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Kovačić, Nedeljko (2015). "Introduction". The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Sustainable Cultural Communities (PDF) (MA). University of Arts in Belgrade. p. 22. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- S2CID 242069262. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
Nantan meteorite was found in 1958 and its fall might have been observed in 1516.
- ISBN 978-0-7858-3553-0.
- ISBN 978-0-86356-803-9. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
The battle was fierce, the city conquered one house at a time. It lasted three days and nights as more and more corpses piled up in streets red with blood. On 30 January 1517, the Mamluks surrendered.
- ^ Öztuna, Yılmaz (1963). Türkiye tarihi: baslangicindan zamanimiza kadar (in Turkish). Hayat Kitaplari. p. 266. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
- ^ Del Castillo, Bernal Diaz; Maudslay, A.P. (1928). The Discovery And Conquest Of Mexico 1517 1521. London: George Routledge Amp Sons Ltd. pp. 10–11. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-351-89173-8. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
In the bull Constituti iuxta verbum that closed the Fifth Lateran Council on 16 March 1517, Leo X (1475-1521, pope 1513-21) provided a brief history of the council to demonstrate how it had accomplished the goals set for it and thus should be concluded.
- ^ Scarisbrick, J. J. (1968). Henry VIII. University of California Press. p. 67. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
- ^ Friedrich Schiller (1887). Schiller's Wallenstein: Das Lager. Macmillan and Company. p. 16.
- ^ Krämer, Walter and Trenkler, Götz. "Luther" in Lexicon van Hardnekkige Misverstanden. Uitgeverij Bert Bakker, 1997, 214:216.
- ^ Vernadsky, George (1927). Начертание русской истории (in Russian). Евразийское кн-во. p. 126.
- PMID 4932259. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
- ^ Brown, Rawdon (1867). Calendar of state papers and manuscripts, relating to english affairs, existing in the archives and collections of Venice, and in other libraries of Northern Italy. London: Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyer. p. 412. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
- ^ Bosworth, C. E. (1996). Islamic Dynasties. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 9. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
- ^ "A Renaissance Royal Wedding 1518-2018". Faculty of History, Oxford University. Retrieved March 28, 2021.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Transits of Venus". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Evan Andrews (August 31, 2015). "What was the dancing plague of 1518?". History.com. Retrieved March 28, 2021.
- ISBN 978-0-907383-04-8. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-520-01130-4. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ "Henry VIII: October 1518, 1-15". www.british-history.ac.uk. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- S2CID 4414148.
- ISBN 978-0-8020-5819-5. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Miller, J. et al.. "Earliest Uses of Symbols of Operation" after Cajori, F. A History of Mathematical Notations.
- ^ Díaz del Castillo, Bernal. "Chapter 38". Historia Verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España.
- ISBN 0-520-09680-0.
- ^ Crosby, Jr., Alfred W. The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492.
- ISBN 978-88-7125-214-8. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Billons, François Joseph Terrasse Des (1773). Nouveaux éclaircissements sur la vie et les ouvrages de Guillaume Postel (in French). J.J. Tutot. p. 3. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Pedrell, Felipe (1918). Las formas pianísticas: origenes y transformaciones de las formas instrumentales, estudiadas en los instrumentos de teclado moderno (in Spanish). M. Villar. p. 32. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of November 20, 1551". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ Mantova, Archivio di Stato di (1922). L'Archivo Gonzaga di Mantova (in Italian). Tipi delle Officine grafiche A. Mondadori. p. 274. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-8240-8547-6.
- ISBN 978-0-598-56631-7. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- ^ "Renée of France | French duchess | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ Herbermann, Charles George (1913). The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Encyclopedia Press. p. 213. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
- required.)
- ^ Burger, Fritz; Schmitz, Hermann; Beth, Ignaz (1919). Die deutsche Malerei vom ausgehenden Mittelalter bis zum Fnde der Renaissance (in German). Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft Athenaion m.b.h. p. 650. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-02-909480-8. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ Margolis, Max Leopold; Marx, Alexander (1927). A History of the Jewish People. Jewish Publication Society of America. p. 535. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ Wallace, David (2015). "Sengoku Legitimization". Imperial Significance during the Formation of Early Modern Japan; 1467-1680 (PDF) (BA). Ohio State University. p. 10. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- S2CID 170562605. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ Carvalho, David N. (1904). Forty Centuries Of Ink. New York: The Banks Law Publishing Co. p. 107. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ Packard, Francis R. (1921). Life and times of Ambroise Paré, 1510-1590. New York: P.B. Hoeber. p. 10. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ History, American Society of Church (1891). Papers of the American Society of Church History. G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 185. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-585-47162-4. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-615-5211-23-2. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ^ Barboza-Retana, Félix A. (April 6, 2000). "Two Discoveries, Two Conquests, and Two V·zquez de Coronado" (PDF). Diálogos Revista Electrónica de Historia. 3 (2): 6. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-226-13636-3. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-85702-721-1. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-84-475-3785-3. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-351-34931-4. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
- ISBN 978-1-872031-20-0.
- ISBN 978-0-415-24301-8.
- ^ Thomas Spencer Baynes (1880). The Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature. Samuel L. Hall. p. 671.
- ISBN 9780199693054.
- ISBN 978-0-226-64724-1.
- ISBN 978-1-78316-797-5.
- ^ Luisi, Francesco (1977). La musica vocale nel Rinascimento: studi sulla musica vocale profana in Italia nei secoli XV e XVI (in Italian). ERI. p. 512. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ Achaintre, Nicolas Louis (1825). Histoire Généalogique Et Chronologique de la Maison Royale de Bourbon (in French). Mansut. p. 406. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ Allgemeine deutsche Biographie (in German). Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. 1881. p. 156. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ Granges, Charles Marc Des (1920). Histoire de littérature française (in French). A. Hatier. p. 230. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of March 15, 1557". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ Dewar, Mary (1964). Sir Thomas Smith: A Tudor Intellectual in Office. London: Athlone Press. p. 9. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ Jinbutsu refarensu jiten (in Japanese). Nichigai Asoshiētsu. 1983. p. 28. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ Boëthius, Bertil (1924). Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (in Swedish). A. Bonnier. p. 185. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ Annales du Cercle archéologique de Mons (in French). Vol. ix. Cercle archéologique. 1869. p. 77. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-271-01480-7. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- required.)
- ^ "Anne of Cleves | Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
- ^ "Marie de Guise: Biography on Undiscovered Scotland". www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
- ^ "Margareta". sok.riksarkivet.se. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Annaler for nordisk Oldkyndighed, udgivne af det kongelige nordiske Oldskrift-Selskab (in Danish). Copenhagen: L. Levin. 1856. p. 212. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-90-04-16118-4. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ "Spani, Prospero". Benezit Dictionary of Artists. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-8128-2079-9.
- ^ Fleischer, C. (1989). "ALQĀS MĪRZA". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 9. pp. 907–909.
- ^ Bay, Jens Christian (1963) [1916 Bibliographical Society of America]. Conrad Gesner (1516–1565), the Father of Bibliography: An Appreciation. Kraus Reprint Corporation.
- ^ Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste (in German). Vol. 1. Brockhaus. 1844. p. 78. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- required.)
- ^ Stichart, Franz Otto (1857). Galerie der sächsischen Fürstinnen: biographische Skizzen sämmtlicher Ahnfrauen des königlichen Hauses Sachsen (in German). Fleischer. p. 233. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Knapp, Johann F. (1836). Regenten- und Volks-Geschichte der Länder Cleve, Mark, Jülich, Berg und Ravensberg Von Karl dem Großen bis auf ihre Vereinigung mit der Preußischen Monarchie (von 768 - 1815) (in German). Becker. p. 127. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Ex libris: Buchkunst und angewandte Graphik (in German). Gorlitz: Druck von O. Holten. 1894. p. 46. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Boltanski, Ariane (2006). Les ducs de Nevers et l'État royal: genèse d'un compromis (ca 1550 - ca 1600) (in French). Librairie Droz.
- ^ Paul, James Balfour (1908). The Scots Peerage. D. Douglas. p. 353. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Houdard, Georges (1910). Les Châteaux Royaux de Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1124-1789: étude historique d'après des documents inédits, recueillis aux Archives Nationales et à la Bibliothèque Nationale (in French). M. Mirvault. p. 37. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-932757-05-0. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Rosa, Angela Asor. "GALLANI, Giuseppe Leggiadro". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- required.)
- ISBN 978-1-59884-777-2. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-5-85840-280-0. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ der Aa, Abraham Hans van (1858). Biographisch woordenboek der Nederlanden (in Dutch). Vol. 3. Haarlem: J.J. van Brederode. p. 218. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-78243-672-0. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
Henry was born on 17 January 1517, almost certainly at his father's newly built home, Bradgate Park in Leicestershire.
- ^ Testi, Flavio (1969). La musica italiana nel Medioevo e nel Rinascimento (in Italian). Vol. 2. Bramante. p. 559. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
- ^ Gerlich, Fritz; Bettelheim, Anton; Wegele, Franz X. von; Liliencron, Rochus (1875). Allgemeine deutsche Biographie. Vol. 1. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. p. 690. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-8108-7392-6. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of November 20, 1551". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Aldimari, Biagio (1691). Historia genealogica della famiglia Carafa, divisa in tre libri. Nel primo si tratta del tronco principale del albero di detta famiglia, detto della Spina. Nel secondo del ramo secondogenito, e transversale, chiamato della St: 2 (in Italian). Naples: Giacomo Raillard's Printing House. pp. 122–123. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Hofberg, Herman (1876). Svenskt biografiskt handlexicon: Alfabetiskt ordnade lefnadsteckningar af Sveriges namnkunniga män och qvinnor från reformationen till närvarande tid (in Swedish). A. Bonnier. p. 352. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-90-441-3530-5. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-903153-58-1. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ "Frances Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk & family". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Ilg, Albert; Boeheim, Wendelin (1882). Das k.k. Schloss Ambras in Tirol (in German). A. Holzhausen. p. 103. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-2-600-02414-3. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot de (1841). Papiers d'état du cardinal de Granvelle: d'après les manuscrits de la bibliothèque de Besançon (in French). Imprimerie royale. p. xvi. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-521-77037-8. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-319-14169-5. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-4456-9943-1. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
Amalia of Cleves, probably born on 17 October 1517, is the most elusive of the Von der Mark siblings.
- ^ Paulo (1970). Revista do Instituto histórico e geográfico de São Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Instituto Histórico e Geográfico de São Paulo. p. 141. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Bianchi, Giuseppe (1900). Gli artisti ticinesi: dizionario biografico (in Italian). Lugano: Libreria Bianchi. p. 91. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ "Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey | English poet". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 10 April 2019.
- ^ Gerlich, Fritz; Bettelheim, Anton; Wegele, Franz X. von; Liliencron, Rochus (1881). Allgemeine deutsche Biographie. Vol. 13. Duncker & Humblot. p. 58. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Gonnett, C.J. (1911). Bijdragen voor de geschiedenis van het Bisdom van Haarlem (in Dutch). G.F. Theonville. p. 386. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz. "Funck, Johann". Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (in German). pp. 154–155. Archived from the original on June 30, 2007.
- ^ Goll, J.; Rezek, A. (1896). Český časopis historický (in Czech). Vydává Historický klub. p. 33. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Back, Friedrich (1873). Die evangelische Kirche im Lande zwischen Rhein, Mosel, Nahe und Glan bis zum Beginn (in German). Marcus. p. 240. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Bricka, Carl Frederik (1892). Dansk biografisk Lexikon (in Danish). Vol. VI. Copenhagen: F. Hegel & Søn. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-521-27887-4. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Weber, Karl von (1858). Aus vier Jahrhunderten: Mittheilungen aus dem Haupt-Staatsarchive zu Dresden (in German). B. Tauchnitz. p. 40. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ de Vimeur, Eugène Achille Lacroix (1879). Antoine de Bourbon, iie due de Vendôme & roi de Navarre, & Jehanne d'Albret. (Galerie des hommes illustres du Vendômois) (in French). Vendome: Lemercier and Son Typography. p. 1. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Grohmann, Johann Gottfried (1798). Neues Historisch-biographisches Handwörterbuch (in German). Baumgärtner. p. 154. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Joseph Archer Crowe; Giovanni Battista Cavalcaselle (1877). Titian: His Life and Times: With Some Account of His Family, Chiefly from New and Unpublished Records. J. Murray. p. 437.
- ^ "The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 18, 1534". cardinals.fiu.edu. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Nonell, Jaime (1897). La santa duquesa: vida y virtudes de la Ven. y Excma. señora doña Luisa de Borja y Aragon, condesa de Ribagorza y duquesa de Villahermosa (in Spanish). Estab. Tip. de San José. p. 27. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sir Sidney (1908). The Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. p. 1011. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Chevreul, Henri (1856). Hubert Languet. Paris: L. Potier. p. 4. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Richard O'Sullivan (1952). Edmund Plowden, 1518-1585. Honourable Society of the Middle Temple at the University Press.
- ISBN 978-90-5349-423-3. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- required.)
- ^ "Henry II | king of France". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2019-04-10.
- ISBN 978-1-317-89687-6.
- ^ "Innocent IX | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
- ^ Welck, Heinrich von (1900). Georg der Bärtige, Herzog von Sachsen, sein Leben und Wirken: ein Beitrag zur deutschen Reformationsgeschichte (in German). Sattler. p. 129. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-19-508272-2. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ José Nicolau da Fonseca (1878). An Historical and Archæological Sketch of the City of Goa: Preceded by a Short Statistical Account of the Territory of Goa. Thacker & Company, limited. p. 88.
- ISBN 978-3-428-09060-0. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ Studii istorice sud-est europene (in Romanian). Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste România. 1874. p. 26. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ Alfred Friedrich Gottfried Albert Woltmann; Karl Woermann (1885). History of Painting: The painting of the renascence. Dodd, Mead, & Company. p. 294.
- ISBN 978-2-600-00636-1. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ "Caterina Cornaro | queen of Cyprus | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
- ^ Cokayne, George Edward (1895). Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, Extant, Extinct, Or Dormant. G. Bell & sons. p. 440. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ Gregorovius, Ferdinand (1904). Lucretia Borgia: According to Original Documents and Correspondence of Her Day. D. Appleton. p. 330. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-5267-6179-8. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-8146-2903-1. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-78914-296-9. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ Seidel, Paul (1904). Hohenzollern-jahrbuch (in German). Giesecke and Devrient. p. iv. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-83-7059-708-5. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ Schulte, Aloys (1906). Kaiser Maximilian I. als Kandidat für den päpstlichen Stuhl 1511 (in German). Duncker & Humblot. p. 8. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ^ Haener, Donald R. (1972). Puerto Rico, an Island on the Move. Discovery Enterprises. p. 30. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-88162-213-3.
- ^ Ashikaga, Yoshizumi. "Ashikaga Yoshizumi and his reign". www.japanese-wiki-corpus.org. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
- ISBN 978-0-387-30400-7.
- ISBN 978-3-503-03040-8. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-5-235-02411-3. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ Bruun, Daniel (1920). Danmark, land og folk: historisk-topografisk-statistisk haandbog (in Danish). Gyldendal, Nordisk Forlag. p. 70. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ Pastor, Ludwig (1936). The history of the popes : from the close of the middle ages. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 436. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-78327-005-7. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ Bey, Mehmet Süreyya (1969). Osmanlı devletinde kim kimdi (in Turkish). Küğ Yayını. p. 128. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-85033-216-2. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ Copinger, Walter Arthur (1905). The Manors of Suffolk: The hundreds of Babergh and Blackbourn. T.F. Unwin. p. 392. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ Strassburger, E. (1906). Geschichte der Stadt Aschersleben (in German). K. Kinzenbach. p. 126. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ISBN 9780199693054.
- ^ The Genealogist. Association for the Promotion of Scholarship in Genealogy. 1982. p. 33. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Robert JONES (Vicar of Branxton.) (1869). The Battle of Flodden Field, fought Sept. 9, 1513. With notes, etc. p. 123.
- ^ Paul, James Balfour (1905). The Scots Peerage. D. Douglas. p. 152. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ Guthrie, William (1767). A General History of Scotland: From the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time. Robinson and Roberts. p. 373. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ a b Mackay, Aeneas James George; McNeill, George Powell; Burnett, George; Stuart, John (1891). The exchequer rolls of Scotland = Rotuli scaccarii regum Scotorum. Series of chronicles and memorials. Vol. 13. Edinburgh: General Register House. p. clxxxviii. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-90-04-39050-8. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-662-44166-4. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-90-400-9630-3.
- ISBN 978-0-7614-7651-1.
- ^ "Louis XII | Facts, History, & Reign | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
- ISBN 978-1-4039-6254-6. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ "Ferdinand II | Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
- . Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- S2CID 255899688.
- ISBN 978-0-7735-5369-9. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Lee, Sidney (1900). Dictionary of National Biography: Wordsworth - Zuylestein. Vol. LXIII. London: Smith, Elder, & Co. p. 328. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-84-500-7465-9. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-201-00093-2. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-8228-5856-1.
- ISBN 978-0-521-29135-4. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-86189-357-4. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-87717-045-8. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-691-22652-1. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ Guidicini, Giuseppe (1872). Cose notabili della città di Bologna: ossia Storia cronologica de' suoi stabili (in Italian). Tip. di G. Vitali. p. 15. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ "GIOVANNA d'Aragona, regina di Napoli in "Dizionario Biografico"". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Almeida, Fortunato de (1923). História de Portugal (in Brazilian Portuguese). F. de Almeida. p. 299. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Machado, Diogo Barbosa (1752). Bibliotheca Lusitana histo ́rica (in Brazilian Portuguese). Ignacio Rodrigues. p. 164. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Lane-Poole, Stanley (1901). A history of Egypt in the Middle Ages. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. p. 355. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
- S2CID 233917744. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- JSTOR 23868282. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
- ^ "Friedrich". www.deutsche-biographie.de (in German). Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-7148-1425-4.
- ^ Ostbairische Grenzmarken: Passauer Jahrbuch für Geschichte, Kunst und Volkskunde (in German). Verlag des Vereins für Ostbairische Heimatforschung. 1967. p. 298. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-84-935539-5-1. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-19-577901-1.
- ISBN 978-90-04-09789-6. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- JSTOR 207701. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISSN 1573-3084. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ "Weerbeke [Werbeke, Werbeck], Gaspar [Jaspar, Jaespaert, Gaspart] van". Grove Music Online. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Bulletin de la Société polymathique du Morbihan (in French). La Société. 1865. p. 48. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-938047-51-4. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Suchier, Reinhard (1894). Festschrift des Hanauer Geschichtsvereins zu seiner fünfzigjährigen Jubelfeier (in German). Heydt. p. 19. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ "Compère, Loyset". Grove Music Online. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ Cassetta, Giuseppe (1838). Storia del regno di Napoli (in Italian). Per Gaetano Romeo Strada Tribunali. p. 336. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- required.)
- ISBN 978-0-19-816554-5. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ^ "CATANEI, Vannozza". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-11-152989-9.
- ^ Motta, Emilio (1890). Libri di casa Trivulzio nel secolo XVo: con notizie di altre librerie milanesi del Trecento e del Quattrocento (in Italian). Libreria ditta C. Franchi de A Vismara. p. 36. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-81-208-3373-9. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-93-82573-47-0. Retrieved 21 July 2023.
- ISBN 978-0-9513373-0-1.
- ^ Wilmshurst, David (2019). "West Syrian patriarchs and maphrians". In Daniel King (ed.). The Syriac World. Routledge. p. 811.
- ^ "Maximilian I | Holy Roman emperor". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
- ISBN 978-0-8371-3242-6.
- ^ "Leonardo da Vinci | Biography, Art, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 3 May 2019.
- ^ "Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici, duca di Urbino | Italian ruler". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 18 January 2021.
- ISBN 9780195395365.
- ISBN 978-0-7172-0135-8.
- ISBN 978-1-59884-298-2.