1565
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| 1565 by topic |
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| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Works category |
| 347 before ROC 民前347年 | |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 97 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2107–2108 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳木鼠年 (male Wood-Rat) 1691 or 1310 or 538 — to — 阴木牛年 (female Wood-Ox) 1692 or 1311 or 539 |
Year 1565 (MDLXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
January–March
- January 3 – In the Tsardom of Russia, Ivan the Terrible originates the oprichnina (repression of the boyars (aristocrats)).[1]
- Cebu Island in the Philippines.
- March 1 – The city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is founded as São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro by Estácio de Sá.[3]
- March 16 – Spanish Conquistador López de Legazpi makes a blood compact (sandugan) with Datu Sikatuna in the island of Bohol, Philippines.[4]
April–June
- April 27 – Cebu City is established as San Miguel by López de Legazpi, becoming the first Spanish settlement in the Philippines.
- May 2 – Huntingdon Grammar School is established in England.[5]
- May 18 – Ottoman troops land on the island of Malta, beginning the Great Siege of Malta.[6][7]
- June 4 – The Treaty of Cebu is signed between Miguel López de Legazpi, representing Philip II of Spain, and Rajah Tupas of Cebu.[8] This effectively creates Spanish suzerainty over Cebu.
- June 17 – (19th day of 5th month, Eiroku 8); In Japan, Ashikaga Yoshiteru, the Ashikaga shogun, commits ritual suicide after Matsunaga Hisahide invades Kyoto.[9]
July–September
- July 29 – The widowed Mary, Queen of Scots, marries her half-cousin Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh, in a Catholic ceremony.[10]
- August 6 – Sark, in the Channel Islands, is granted as a fief by Elizabeth I of England to Hellier de Carteret, Seigneur of Saint Ouen.[11][12]
- August 26 – The Chaseabout Raid begins in Scotland as a rebellion against Mary, Queen of Scots by her half-brother, by James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, following her July 29 marriage to Lord Darnley.
- August 28 (feast day of St. Augustine) – The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés first sights land in Florida.[13]
- August 31 – Chaseabout Raid: Moray and at least 1,000 of his rebels arrive in Edinburgh for a confrontation with the Scottish crown. After cannon fire from Edinburgh Castle, the rebels retreat toward England to seek help. The rebellion is ended by the end of September.
- September 4 – The Spanish fleet of Pedro Menéndez de Avilés lands in Florida to oust the French under Jean Ribault.[14] He later destroys the French colony of Fort Caroline.
- September 8 – St. Augustine, Florida (named after Augustine of Hippo), is established by Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, becoming the oldest surviving European settlement in the modern-day United States.
- September 11 – The Knights of Malta lift the Great Siege of Malta after four months.[15]
October–December
- October 11 – Ottavio Gentile Oderico is elected to a two-year term as the Doge of the Republic of Genoa.[16]
- October 18 – Battle of Fukuda Bay: Ships belonging to the Matsura clan of Japan fail to capture a Portuguese trading carrack, in the first recorded naval battle between Japan and a European nation.[17]
- October 20 – In the Northern Seven Years' War, the Battle of Axtorna is fought in Sweden, near Falkenberg, as Daniel Rantzau of the Army of Denmark and Norway leads 7,400 troops in defeating a counterattack by over 11,000 Swedish troops led by Jacob Henriksson Hästesko.[18]
- Tour de Mortella, designed by Giovan Giacomo Paleari Fratino (el Fratin), is completed as part of the Genovese defence system at Mortella (Myrtle) Point, in Upper Corsica.[19]
- Burma, under the command of King Bayinnaung conquers Chiang Mai, capital of the Siamese Kingdom of Lan Na, and departs on November 30.[20]
- December 31 – The Burmese Army conquers Vientiane, the main city of the kingdom of Lan Xang (now Laos).
- December – The Mariovo and Prilep rebellion occurs, the very first recorded rebellion by the Macedonian hajduks or voivode against the Ottoman Empire.[21]
Date unknown
- The it is becoming common in England.
- John Beddoes School is founded at Presteigne, Wales.[24]
- Herlufsholm School is founded at Næstved, Denmark.[25]
- Bungay Grammar School is established in England.[26]
Births
- February 13 – Willem Baudartius, Dutch theologian (d. 1640)[28]
- March 23 – Eilhard Lubinus, German theologian (d. 1621)[29]
- April 2 – Cornelis de Houtman, Dutch explorer (d. 1599)
- April 3 – Anna III, Abbess of Quedlinburg (d. 1601)
- May 15 – Hendrick de Keyser, Dutch sculptor and architect born in Utrecht (d. 1621)[30]
- June 14 – Francis Tanfield, English governor of the South Falkland colony[32]
- July 6 – Hugh Hamersley, Lord Mayor of London, 1627–1628 (d. 1636)[33]
- August 5 – Paola Massarenghi, Italian composer (d. unknown)[34]
- August 9 – Louis II, Count of Nassau-Weilburg (d. 1627)[35]
- Christina, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (d. 1637)
- August 20 – Margaretha van Valckenburch, Dutch shipowner, only female member of the VOC (d. 1650)[36]
- August 29 – Agostino Ciampelli, Italian painter (d. 1630)[37]
- September 17 – Edward Fortunatus, German nobleman (d. 1600)[38]
- September 28 – Alessandro Tassoni, Italian poet and writer (d. 1635)[39]
- October 6 – Marie de Gournay, French writer (d. 1645)[40]
- October 12 – Ippolito Galantini, Italian founder of the Congregation of Christian Doctrine of Florence (d. 1619)[41]
- October 22 – Benedikt Carpzov the elder, German legal scholar (d. 1624)[42]
- November 10
- Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, English nobleman and politician (d. 1601)[43]
- Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer (d. 1646)[44]
- November 14 – Petrus Bertius, Flemish theologian and scientist (d. 1629)[45]
- December 2 – Toby Caulfeild, 1st Baron Caulfeild, Northern Irish politician (d. 1627)[46]
- date unknown
- Reza Abbasi, Persian painter and calligrapher (d. 1635)[47]
- Gregor Aichinger, German composer (d. 1628)[48]
- John Davies of Hereford, Welsh poet (d. 1618)[49]
- Camillo Graffico, Italian engraver (d. 1615)[50]
- George Kirbye, English composer (d. 1634)[51]
- Francis Meres, English churchman and author (d. 1647)[52]
- María Pita, Spanish heroine (d. 1643)[53]
- John Spottiswoode, Archbishop of St. Andrews (d. 1639)[54]
- Edmund Whitelocke, English soldier and courtier (d. 1608)[55]
- probable
- Duarte Lobo, Portuguese composer (d. 1646)[56]
Deaths
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- January 19 – Diego Laynez, Spanish Jesuit theologian (b. 1512)[57]
- January 28 – Francisco Cesi, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1500)[58]
- February 28 – John, Duke of Münsterberg-Oels and Count of Glatz (b. 1509)[59]
- March 17 – Alexander Ales, Scottish theologian (b. 1500)[60]
- c. March – Lope de Rueda, Spanish dramatist (b. c. 1510)[61]
- April 27 – Osanna of Cattaro, Dominican visionary and anchoress (b. 1493)[63]
- May 14 – Nicolaus von Amsdorf, German Protestant reformer (b. 1483)[64]
- May 5 – Queen Munjeong, Korean queen (b. 1501)
- May 28 – Mikołaj "the Black" Radziwiłł, Polish magnate (b. 1515)[65]
- June 12 – Adrianus Turnebus, French classical scholar (b. 1512)[66]
- June 17 – Ashikaga Yoshiteru, Japanese shogun (b. 1536)[67][unreliable source?]
- June 19 – Wolfgang Lazius, Austrian historian (b. 1514)[68]
- June 23 – Turgut Reis, Ottoman naval commander (b. 1485)[69]
- July 18 – Kat Ashley, governess of Elizabeth I of England
- August – Jacques Buus, Flemish composer and organist (b. 1500)[70]
- August 29 – Alfonso Carafa, Italian cardinal (b. 1540)[71]
- June 25 – Herluf Trolle, Danish Admiral of the Fleet and co-founder of Herlufsholm School (b. 1516)[72]
- September 13 – William Farel, French evangelist (b. 1489)[73]
- September 11–20 – Cipriano de Rore, Flemish composer and teacher (b. 1515)[74]
- October 4 – Pier Paolo Vergerio, Italian reformer (b. 1498)[75]
- October 5 – Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician (b. 1522)[76]
- October 7 – Johannes Mathesius, German theologian (b. 1504)[77]
- October 12 – Jean Ribault, French explorer and colonizer (b. 1520)[78]
- October 14 – Thomas Chaloner, English statesman and poet (b. 1521)[79]
- October 21 – John Frederick III, Duke of Saxony and nominal Duke of Saxe-Gotha (b. 1538)[80]
- October 29 – Ranuccio Farnese, Italian prelate (b. 1530)[82]
- November 2 – Mechthild of Bavaria, German duchess (b. 1532)[83]
- November 25 – Hu Zongxian, Chinese general (b. 1512)[84]
- December 9 – Pope Pius IV (b. 1499)[85]
- December 12 – Johan Rantzau, German general (b. 1492)[86]
- December 13 – Conrad Gessner, Swiss naturalist (b. 1516)[87]
- date unknown
- Antonio Bernieri, Italian painter of the Renaissance period (b. 1516) [88]
- Yadegar Mokhammad of Kazan, last khan of Kazan Khanate[89]
- Paweł Tarło, canon of Kraków, Poland[90]
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