1948 in science
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The year 1948 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy and space science
- February 16 – Miranda, innermost of the large moons of Uranus, is discovered by Gerard Kuiper from the McDonald Observatory in Texas.[1]
- October 10 – An R-1 (missile) on test becomes the first Soviet launch to enter space.[2]
Biology
- August 7 – Teaching and research in
- October 5 – Delegates to a conference organised by Sir Julian Huxley at Fontainebleau agree to formation of the International Union for Conservation of Nature.[5]
- November 20 – The extinct for fifty years, is rediscovered by Geoffrey Orbell near Lake Te Anau in the South Island of New Zealand.
- Last recorded sighting of the Caspian tiger in Kazakhstan.
- Publication of
Computer science
- May 12 – World's first Birkbeck College, University of London (largely built by Kathleen Booth).[8]
- June 21 – World's first working program run on an electronic stored-program computer, the Manchester Baby (written by Tom Kilburn).[9]
- July–October – Shannon entropy and adopting the term Bit.
History of science
- December 17 – The original Wright Flyer goes on display in the Smithsonian Institution.
Medicine and human sciences
- January 5 – The first Kinsey Report, Sexual Behavior in the Human Male, is published in the United States.
- April 7 – The World Health Organization is established by the United Nations.
- July 5 – The National Health Service begins functioning in the United Kingdom, giving the right to universal healthcare, free at point of use.[11]
- Winter 1948/49 – Outbreak of Akureyri disease in Iceland.
- In psychology, Bertram Forer demonstrates the Barnum effect (that people tend to accept generalised descriptions of personality as uniquely applicable to themselves).
- acetaminophen.
Meteorology
- March 25 – Meteorologists at Tinker Air Force Base in Oklahoma City issue the world's first tornado forecast, for the second of the 1948 Tinker Air Force Base tornadoes.
Physics
- April 1 – Physicists
- May 29 – Casimir effect predicted by Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimir.[13]
- Herbert Fröhlich makes a key breakthrough in understanding superconductivity, at the University of Liverpool.[14]
Technology
- June 18 – Columbia Records unveil the LP records developed by Peter Goldmark of CBS Laboratories.[15][16][17]
- First modern long-span permanent box girder bridge completed, between Cologne and Deutz.[18]
Publications
- First publication of Norbert Wiener's Cybernetics: Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine.
- Publication in Britain of the novel metal fatigueon aircraft.
Awards
- Nobel Prizes
- Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett
- Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
- Paul Hermann Müller
Births
- January 30 – Akira Yoshino, Japanese chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
- March 1 – primatologistand academic.
- March 9 – László Lovász, Hungarian computer scientist.
- March 21 – Robert Watson, Britishatmospheric chemist.
- May – David Mabberley, English-born plant taxonomist.
- June 13 – .
- June 28 – Kenneth Alan Ribet, American mathematician.
- July 20 – Martin Green, Australian solar cell researcher.
- August 4 – Giorgio Parisi, Italian theoretical physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics.
- August 7 – James P. Allison, American immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- August 25 – Nicholas A. Peppas, Greek chemical and biomedical engineer.
- August 29 – Robert S. Langer, American biomedical engineer.
- August 30 – in 1978.
- September 2 – Christa McAuliffe, born Sharon Christa Corrigan (died 1986), American astronaut.
- October 29 – Frans de Waal, Dutch primatologist.
- October 31 – Mu-ming Poo, Chinese neuroscientist.
- December 30 – cell biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
- cardiothoracic surgeon.
- Robert Plomin, American-born psychologist.
Deaths
- January 30 – aviator.
- May 26 – Sir public health physician.
- June 10 – Philippa Fawcett (born 1868), English mathematician.
- June 21 – D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson (born 1860), Scottish biologist.
- December 12 – Marjory Stephenson (born 1885), English biochemist.
References
- ISBN 978-0851126432.
- ^ Wade, Mark. "R-1". Archived from the original on August 20, 2016. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
- ISBN 978-0-674-53985-3.
- .
- ^ Christoffersen, Leif E. (1994). "IUCN: A Bridge-Builder for Nature Conservation" (PDF). Green Globe YearBook. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-16. Retrieved 2011-11-02.
- ISBN 978-1-57607-000-0.
- ^ Desrochers, Pierre; Hoffbauer, Christine (2009). "The Post War Intellectual Roots of the Population Bomb: Fairfield Osborne's Our Plundered Planet and William Vogt's Road to Survival in retrospect" (PDF). The Electronic Journal of Sustainable Development. 1 (3): 73–97. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2011-12-08.
- ^ Campbell-Kelly, Martin (2022-11-12). "Kathleen Booth". The Guardian. London. p. 9 (Journal). Retrieved 2022-11-13.
- ISSN 0958-7403. Archived from the originalon 2012-01-09. Retrieved 2011-11-25.
- .
- ^ "The Lost Decade Timeline". BBC. Archived from the original on 2006-08-21. Retrieved 2007-09-25.
- doi:10.1103/PhysRev.73.803. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
- ^ Casimir, H. B. G. (1948). "On the attraction between two perfectly conducting plates" (PDF). Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wet. 51: 793.
- ^ "Science Places Liverpool". 2008. Retrieved 2011-03-20.
- ISBN 978-0-8415-0046-4.
- ^ "Columbia Diskery: CBS Show Microgroove Platters to Press; Tell How It Began". Billboard: 3. 1948-06-26.
- ISBN 978-1-56025-707-3.
- ISBN 978-1-85732-163-0.