2004 Pacific typhoon season
2004 Pacific typhoon season | |
---|---|
Seasonal boundaries | |
First system formed | February 10, 2004 |
Last system dissipated | December 21, 2004 |
Strongest storm | |
Name | Chaba |
• Maximum winds | 205 km/h (125 mph) (10-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 910 hPa (mbar) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Total depressions | 45 |
Total storms | 29 |
Typhoons | 19 |
Super typhoons | 6 (unofficial) [nb 1] |
Total fatalities | 2,435 total |
Total damage | ≥ $18.766 billion (2004 USD) |
Related articles | |
The 2004 Pacific typhoon season was an extremely active season that featured the second-highest ACE ever recorded in a single season, second only to
The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator between 100°E and 180th meridian. Within the northwestern Pacific Ocean, there are two separate agencies that assign names to tropical cyclones, which can often result in a cyclone having two names. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)[nb 2] names a tropical cyclone should it be judged to have 10-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph) anywhere in the basin, whilst the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N and 25°N, regardless of whether or not a tropical cyclone has already been given a name by the JMA. Tropical depressions that are monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC)[nb 3] are given a number with a "W" suffix.
Seasonal summary
Rank | Seasons | ACE value |
---|---|---|
1 | 1997 | 570.4 |
2 | 2004 | 480.6 |
3 | 1992 | 470.1 |
4 | 2015 | 462.9 |
5 | 1994 | 454.6 |
6 | 1958 | 445.8 |
7 | 1957 | 440.2 |
8 | 1965 | 436.2 |
9 | 1962 | 423 |
10 | 1996 | 416.5 |
Source:[4] |
Rank | Total damages | Season |
---|---|---|
1 | ≥ $38.96 billion | 2019 |
2 | ≥ $37 billion | 2023 |
3 | ≥ $31.54 billion | 2018 |
4 | ≥ $26.41 billion | 2013 |
5 | ≥ $20.79 billion | 2012 |
6 | ≥ $18.77 billion | 2004 |
7 | ≥ $18.36 billion | 1999 |
8 | ≥ $17.69 billion | 2016 |
9 | ≥ $15.1 billion | 2017 |
10 | ≥ $14.84 billion | 2015 |
The activity of the season was extremely high, while the impacts of the typhoons were damaging and deadly, including four consecutive typhoons that struck them in the
The
Systems
Tropical Depression 01W (Ambo)
Tropical depression (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | February 10 – February 16 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1002 hPa (mbar) |
The first tropical storm of the 2004 Pacific typhoon season developed on February 10 west of Chuuk. It tracked to the west, organizing slowly due to persistent vertical wind shear. On February 13 and 14, the depression executed a clockwise loop. When the storm turned to the southwest, the wind shear overcame it, and the cyclone dissipated on February 19. The remnants of Tropical Depression Ambo dissipated, affecting Luzon by bringing flash floods and heavy rainfall on February 20 until February 22.
Tropical Depression 02W (Butchoy)
Tropical depression (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | March 18 – March 24 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1000 hPa (mbar) |
The near-equatorial trough spawned a tropical disturbance east of the Philippines late on March 13. It rapidly moved northwest as it became a tropical depression in the afternoon hours of the next day. Due to warm waters and moderate convection, it rapidly intensified, with a brief turn to the southwest. On March 17, it reached peak intensity as a tropical storm, with the PAGASA naming it as Butchoy. The system rapidly weakened on March 19, just before the storm was about to hit the Philippines. A weak trough brought it northward, where dry air and vertical shear caused it to dissipate on March 23.[7]
Typhoon Sudal (Cosme)
Very strong typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 4 super typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | April 4 – April 16 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min); 940 hPa (mbar) |
On April 5, Tropical Depression 03W began its life between Chuuk and Pohnpei. As it drifted to the northwest, it strengthened into a tropical storm. Sudal turned to the west, and steadily intensified to become a typhoon on April 6. On the April 9, with maximum sustained winds of 115 kn/130 mph, Typhoon Sudal hit the island of Yap. After ravaging the island, Sudal reached a peak of 130 kn/150 mph winds. The typhoon turned to the northeast and became extratropical early on April 16.[8]
Yap experienced catastrophic damage, with 90% of buildings destroyed, 1,500 left homeless, but fortunately no fatalitys. Sudal is a Korean word meaning otter.
Typhoon Nida (Dindo)
Very strong typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | May 13 – May 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 175 km/h (110 mph) (10-min); 935 hPa (mbar) |
A
In the Philippines, evacuation centers were opened to accommodate 2,986 people. The typhoon approach canceled ferry operations stranding 15,057 passengers.
Tropical Depression 05W
Tropical depression (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | May 14 – May 20 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1004 hPa (mbar) |
A small tropical disturbance rapidly formed, moving southwest on May 12. The small system rapidly built up on May 13. The next day, the JTWC classified it as Tropical Depression 05W. 05W moved west, affecting Vietnam and reached peak intensity as a tropical storm on May 15 and 16. With two other systems in the Western Pacific, Typhoon Nida and Tropical Storm Omais, 05W turned eastwards, weakening on May 17. Dissipating on May 18, and due to the strong pull of the outflow of Typhoon Nida at peak intensity, the remnants of 05W rapidly moved and was located about east of Philippines and was absorbed by a trough on May 20. The circulation fully dissipated on May 25 as it was absorbed by a monsoonal trough.
Severe Tropical Storm Omais (Enteng)
Severe tropical storm (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | May 16 – May 22 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min); 985 hPa (mbar) |
A tropical disturbance southwest of Chuuk organized into a tropical depression on May 16, one of 3 active tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific at the time. The depression developed quickly, reaching tropical storm status later that day and reaching a peak of 60 kn/70 mph winds three days later on May 19. A weakening ridge brought Omais northward, where it became extratropical on May 22.
Operationally, Omais was classified as a typhoon, but in post-analysis, it was dropped to a severe tropical storm. Omais is a Palauan word meaning 'wandering around'.
Typhoon Conson (Frank)
Typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 4 – June 11 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min); 960 hPa (mbar) |
In the South China Sea, a stationary area of disturbed weather developed into Tropical Depression 07W on June 4. It tracked eastward then northeastward, becoming a tropical storm on June 5 and a typhoon on June 7. Conson passed between Luzon and Taiwan, and peaked with 100 kn/115 mph winds on June 9. Conson weakened as it continued northeastward, and became extratropical on June 11 near Japan without causing any reported damage. Conson is an area in Vietnam containing many historical monuments.
Severe Tropical Storm Chanthu (Gener)
Severe tropical storm (JMA) | |
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 7 – June 15 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min); 975 hPa (mbar) |
Originating from an
In Vietnam, Chanthu wrought substantial damage and killed 38 people.
Typhoon Dianmu (Helen)
Very strong typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 11 – June 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min); 915 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 09W, which developed from the
Typhoon Mindulle (Igme)
Very strong typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 21 – July 4 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 175 km/h (110 mph) (10-min); 940 hPa (mbar) |
The monsoon trough spawned a tropical depression on June 23 near Guam. It tracked westward, becoming a tropical storm that night but slowly strengthening as it continued westward due to vertical wind shear. When the shear abated, Mindulle quickly intensified, reaching typhoon strength on June 27 and peaking at 125 kn/145 mph winds on June 28. Land interaction with Luzon to its south weakened Mindulle, and the typhoon weakened as it turned northward. On July 1, Mindulle hit eastern Taiwan, and after accelerating to the northeast became extratropical near South Korea on July 4.
Mindulle caused 56 deaths, with $833 million in damage in its path (2004 USD). Mindulle is the Korean word for the
Typhoon Tingting
Typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 25 – July 4 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min); 955 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 11W, which developed from the monsoon trough on June 25, steadily strengthened as it tracked to the northwest, and reached tropical storm status on June 26. Tingting passed Saipan on June 27, and reached typhoon status early on June 28. After maximum sustained winds peaked at 80 kn/90 mph, the typhoon turned to the northeast, where it became extratropical on July 3 after causing 3 deaths on Saipan. Tingting is a pet name for young girls in Chinese.
Tropical Storm Kompasu (Julian)
Tropical storm (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 12 – July 16 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min); 992 hPa (mbar) |
A non-tropical system formed south of an upper-level vortex on July 3. It moved west until it weakened due to an intensifying high-pressure area north of it on July 8. The next day, it regenerated and strengthened into a tropical disturbance. Late on July 11, it entered in a place of favorable environments until it became a Tropical Depression 12W early on July 12. Area of thunderstorms and convection organized into Tropical Depression 12W on July 13. Under high vertical shear and with a very small circulation, it was not expected to strengthen further. However, as it tracked erratically westward, it intensified, peaking with 40 kn/50 mph winds on July 14. Kompasu turned northward, hit the eastern part of Hong Kong directly as a minimal tropical storm, and dissipated on July 16. Kompasu is the Japanese word for compass, and the name of the
Typhoon Namtheun
Very strong typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 24 – August 3 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min); 935 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Storm Namtheun, which formed on July 24, rapidly intensified on July 26 to a 115 kn/135 mph
Tropical Storm Malou
Tropical storm (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 2 – August 6 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 995 hPa (mbar) |
A low-pressure area formed from the outflow of Typhoon Namtheun on July 29. An area of convection under moderate to high vertical wind shear developed into a tropical depression southeast of Japan on August 4. It became a minimal tropical storm before hitting central Japan on the night of August 4. Malou turned to the northeast and became extratropical in the Sea of Japan on August 5. Malou is the Chinese name for the mineral agate.
Typhoon Meranti
Typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 2 – August 9 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min); 960 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Meranti originated out of an
Upon attaining typhoon status, Meranti turned towards the northeast in response to a strengthening near-equatorial ridge south of the typhoon. Visible satellite images of the typhoon depicted a small, ragged eye within a well-developed cyclone. Gale-force winds extended 155 km (96 mi) at this time. Well-developed outflow allowed the storm to maintain its peak intensity for roughly 18 hours before dry air became entrained in the circulation.[15] The combined effects of decreasing sea surface temperatures and increasing wind shear caused Meranti to quickly weaken.[14] By 0600 UTC on August 6, the eye was no longer visible on satellite imagery and several hours later deep convection rapidly diminished, leading to both agencies downgrading the typhoon to a tropical storm.[15] Later on August 6, the weakening trend briefly halted as outflow significantly improved due to an area of low pressure north of Meranti. However, wind shear drastically increased, displacing convection to the northwest of the circulation center. By this time, the storm began to undergo an extratropical transition. Due to the influence of a major shortwave trough approaching from the west, Meranti took a sharp northward turn.[15] The JTWC issued their final advisory on the weakening cyclone around 0600 UTC on August 8.[14] The JMA continued to monitor Meranti as a tropical cyclone until August 9. Shortly after becoming extratropical, the remnants of the storm executed a slow, counter-clockwise loop until August 12.[16] Shortly after crossing the International Date Line on August 13, the storm was absorbed by a large non-tropical low over the Bering Sea.[17]
As Typhoon Meranti never threatened any land masses, no watches or warnings were issued in response to the storm. Although Meranti passed near Wake Island as a tropical depression, no effects were recorded.
Typhoon Rananim (Karen)
Typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 6 – August 15 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min); 950 hPa (mbar) |
On August 5, the JTWC began monitoring a persistent area of convection to the north-northwest of Guam;
Throughout eastern China, Rananim produced torrential rainfall, peaking at 703.5 mm (27.70 in) in Zhejiang, marking a new daily record rainfall in the province. Wind gusts were recorded up to a local record of 211 km/h (131 mph).[18] A total of 188 people were killed by the storm,[21] mostly due to collapsed homes and landslides; roughly 1,800 were injured and over 18 million were affected by Rananim.[18] Economic losses in China amounted to about $2.2 billion (USD).[21] Due to the severity of damage wrought by the storm, the name Rananim was retired the following year.
Tropical Storm Malakas
Tropical storm (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 9 – August 13 (Exited basin) |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min); 990 hPa (mbar) |
A reverse-oriented
Typhoon Megi (Lawin)
Typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 14 – August 20 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min); 970 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Megi was the fourth of eight significant tropical cyclones to form during August. Megi was initially spotted 260 miles west of Guam on August 11, slowly developing into Tropical Depression 18W on the August 14, strengthening into a tropical storm on the August 16, and ultimately into a typhoon on the August 18 to the southwest of Japan. Megi moved northwest through the
Despite peaking at only minimal typhoon intensity, Megi had a significant impact on both Japan and South Korea. In Japan, the highest storm total rainfall noted was 610 mm at Tomisato between August 17 and 21, with 398 mm falling in a 24‑hour period. The highest wind gust was 109 mph/48.7 m/s at Izuhara, Nagasaki early on the August 19. The lowest measured pressure was 974.1 mbar at Izuhara. In South Korea, the heaviest 24‑hour rain total was 332.5 mm at Wando between late on the August 17 and 18. News reports indicated that five people were reported dead or missing after Typhoon Megi in South Korea. The number left homeless rose to more than 2400. Typhoon Megi left at least ten dead in Japan. Megi's landfall on northern Japan resulted in large blackouts as 130,000 homes were left in the dark. A group of about 165 primary school students were stranded by a Megi-induced landslide in western Japan, though were successfully rescued by helicopter. Megi is the Korean word for the catfish.[22]
Typhoon Chaba
Violent typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 18 – August 31 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 205 km/h (125 mph) (10-min); 910 hPa (mbar) |
Chaba formed on August 18 in the open Western Pacific. It moved westward, strengthening into a tropical storm on August 19 and a typhoon on August 20. Chaba turned to the northwest, and rapidly intensified to a 155 kn/180 mph super typhoon on the August 22 with an estimated minimum central pressure of 910
Typhoon Aere (Marce)
Typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 18 – August 31 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min); 955 hPa (mbar) |
Aere is the Marshallese word for 'storm'. A tropical disturbance developed into a tropical depression on the 19th about 400 miles west of Guam, and moved northwest at 10 kn/12 mph along the southwestern periphery of a mid-level steering ridge. The system reached tropical storm status on the 20th, gaining the name Aere. Aere subsequently crossed into the Philippine's area of responsibility and was assigned the name Marce. Aere was upgraded to typhoon intensity on the 21st, and its strength leveled off during the 21st and 22nd. On the 23rd, Typhoon Aere was downgraded to a tropical storm briefly due to vertical wind shear while located 200 miles south of Naha, Okinawa. Aere quickly regained typhoon strength and maintained intensity for the rest of the 23rd and developed a 50-mile wide eye. Aere reached its peak intensity of 85 kn/100 mph late on the 24th, when the pressure lowered to 955 mb. As the storm crossed the northern tip of Taiwan it began to weaken. Aere turned southwestward later that day, a trajectory that carried the storm past Xiamen early on the 26th and close to Shantou later that day before weakening into a tropical storm. The remnants of Typhoon Aere remained a tropical depression until the 31st.
Early on the 25th, six villages located in Gaoqiao Town, Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, were struck by a tornado triggered by Typhoon Aere. The tornado did cause some economic losses, but no casualties were reported. Preliminary statistics indicated that the typhoon had caused 2.485 billion
Tropical Depression 21W
Tropical depression (JMA) | |
Tropical depression (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 25 – August 30 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1000 hPa (mbar) |
On August 24, an area of convection with a possible weak low-level circulation center developed approximately 1,125 km (699 mi) east-southeast of Guam, and was moving slowly towards the west-northwest. It was designated as a tropical depression on August 26 by the JMA.[23] Shortly after, the JTWC designated the system as Tropical Depression 21W.[24] The depression gradually intensified and was upgraded to Tropical Storm 21W by the JTWC early on August 27 when located about 590 km (370 mi) east of Guam;[22] however, in its post-season analysis, the JTWC would assess 21W peaking as a tropical depression.[24] The depression reached its peak intensity at 0000 UTC on August 27 with winds of 55 km/h (34 mph) and a minimum pressure of 1000 hPa (mbar).[23] By later that day, the center had become fully exposed with the deep convection being displaced westward over Guam, due to strong outflow from Typhoon Chaba to its north. The weakening system would dissipate on the 31st when the weak low was located approximately 1,210 km (750 mi) west of Saipan. No damage or casualties are known to have resulted from the depression.[22]
Typhoon Songda (Nina)
Very strong typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 26 – September 8 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 175 km/h (110 mph) (10-min); 925 hPa (mbar) |
On August 26, a new area low-pressure system developed roughly 390 km (240 mi) northeast of
Over the following days, the powerful storm fluctuated in intensity, during which time it passed through the Northern Mariana Islands. On September 3, the storm briefly entered PAGASA's area of responsibility and was given the local name Nina. Early on September 5, Songda brushed the northern coast of Okinawa Island, where a barometric pressure of 925 mbar (hPa; 27.32 inHg) was recorded. Curving towards the northeast, the storm gradually weakened and made landfall near Nagasaki, Japan as a strong typhoon. Accelerating towards the northeast, the system quickly weakened to a tropical storm by the evening on September 7 before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone shortly thereafter.[18] The remnants of Songda were monitored by the JMA until late on September 10, at which time they crossed the International Date Line near the Aleutian Islands.[19]
Throughout Songda's track, several islands were affected;
Severe Tropical Storm Sarika
Severe tropical storm (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 3 – September 9 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min); 980 hPa (mbar) |
The name Sarika is originally from a songbird found in Cambodia. JMA classified a tropical depression early on September 4. By the 5th, a typhoon warning was issued for the island of Agrihan. Moving west-northwest along the southern periphery of the subtropical ridge, Tropical Depression 23W was upgraded to Tropical Storm Sarika that day. An upper-level low located to the southeast was providing an efficient eastern outflow channel in addition to the decent equatorial outflow. Rapid intensification ensued for a while with the maximum sustained winds rising to 60 kn/70 mph late on the 5th, which was the peak intensity for Sarika. By the 6th, Tropical Storm Sarika passed 220 miles north of Saipan. Shortly afterward, the system's center made its closest approach to Agrihan, tracking 10 miles south of that island. Near-typhoon conditions occurred on both Agrihan and Pagan while tropical storm-force winds were experienced on Alamagan. At its peak Sarika, possessed a very compact wind field with gales extending no further than 90 miles from the center while the radius of strongest winds never exceeded 15 miles. By the 6th, Sarika had turned westward 100 miles west of Agrihan. Early on the 7th, Sarika began to weaken as it entered a hostile shearing environment associated with Typhoon Songda's outflow. Sarika subsequently turned to the north-northwest at 9 mph/8 kn about 820 miles south of Tokyo, Japan while becoming fully exposed. It slowed as it turned northward late on the 7th. The system remained a tropical storm until the 8th when Sarika weakened back into a depression.[27]
Tropical Storm Haima (Ofel)
Tropical storm (JMA) | |
Subtropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 10 – September 13 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 995 hPa (mbar) |
Haima is the Chinese word for the
In China, the lowest reported pressure was 998 mb in Yongqiang Town on the 13th and the highest 24‑hour rainfall recorded was 250.8 mm in
Tropical Depression Pablo
Tropical depression (JMA) | |
Duration | September 15 – September 20 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1008 hPa (mbar) |
This system was considered a tropical depression by JMA, PAGASA, the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan and the Thai Meteorological Department with PAGASA assigning the name Pablo. JTWC released no warnings, but issued a pair of Tropical Cyclone Formation Alerts (TCFA) early on September 17 and 18. Tropical Depression Pablo formed deep in the Philippine Sea east of Mindanao, moved westward across that island, thence turning northwestward and emerging into the South China Sea near the Calamian group. After crossing the Philippine Archipelago, the depression began to slowly weaken but limped across the South China Sea to near the central Vietnamese coastline before dissipating on the 18th where it dropped moderate to heavy rainfall. The maximum winds estimated by any agency were 30 kn/35 mph.[27]
Typhoon Meari (Quinta)
Very strong typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 19 – September 29 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min); 940 hPa (mbar) |
Late on September 18, an area of convection was noted 510 miles east of Guam. On the 20th, Tropical Depression 25W organized out of this mass and was located just 35 miles southeast of Guam. 25W turned more westward and began to accelerate as it moved along the southern periphery of a warm-core ridge. On the 21st, the system was upgraded to Tropical Storm Meari. It intensified steadily while moving more northwestward. The system was upgraded to typhoon intensity by late on the 22nd. Typhoon Meari possessed a very asymmetric circulation, elongated somewhat to the north and northeast. Meari became a strong 100-kn/115 mph typhoon by late on the 23rd, and was assigned the name Quinta by PAGASA. After reaching 125 kn/145 mph on the 24th, its strength plateaued for the rest of the day. As it passed 70 miles south of Okinawa early on the 26th, Meari was slowly weakening. The cyclone ceased movement on the 27th about 170 miles west of Okinawa as it became lodged between two anticyclones. A slow northward drift began later that day and vertical wind shear associated with the subtropical jet stream began to take its toll on Meari. By the 29th, Meari was beginning its approach to the Japanese island of Kyūshū. Typhoon Meari made landfall over the southern tip of Kyūshū around midday local time with maximum sustained winds of 70 kn/80 mph. Meari weakened back into a tropical storm late on the 29th. The forward motion began to accelerate as Meari increasingly interacted with the westerlies. The system was followed until the 30th, when it became a nontropical low, which continued tracking eastwards through the north Pacific.
The highest wind gust reported was 118 mph/52.7 m/s in Kagoshima early on the 29th. The lowest pressure measured during the passage of Meari was 975.5 mb, also at Kagoshima on the 29th. Three tornadoes were spawned in Japan, with two touching down in Okinawa Prefecture and one in Aichi Prefecture. The heaviest rains in Japan were saved for Osawe, where 904 mm fell between late on the 24th and the 30th, with 741 mm falling between late on the 28th and 29th. Reports indicate that at least 18 people died with several more reported missing as a result of Typhoon Meari. The worst affected areas were the prefectures of Mie and Ehime in Japan where torrential rains caused widespread flooding and mudslides destroyed several homes. Train and ferry services were suspended, stranding thousands of people.[27] Damages from the storm amounted to $798 million (2004 USD).
Meari is also the Korean name for 'Echo'.
Typhoon Ma-on (Rolly)
Very strong typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 3 – October 10 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min); 920 hPa (mbar) |
Ma-on formed from a cluster of thunderstorms in the vicinity of Guam on September 29. The small system eventually trekked west-northwesterly. After days of sputtering across the western Pacific, Tropical Depression 26W formed on October 4, and quickly became named Tropical Storm Ma-on. The system became stationary approximately 650 nmi southeast of Okinawa, Japan. PAGASA named the cyclone Rolly when it passed the 135th meridian. On the 5th, a northward drift ensued while well southeast of Okinawa. Upon reaching typhoon intensity late on the 6th, Ma-on turned northwest and ultimately became the sixth super typhoon of the year on the 8th while 250 miles southeast of Okinawa. The typhoon become the worst storm to hit eastern Japan in over ten years, only a week after Typhoon Meari had made landfall in that nation. Ma-on started to accelerate northeastward and its eye began to shrink in diameter and became more ragged. A slow weakening trend materialized as it entered the early stages of extratropical transition. Recurving northeast at a high rate of translation, Ma-on made landfall on the Izu Peninsula, Japan, late on the 9th with maximum sustained winds of 105 kn/120 mph as a Category 3 typhoon. Ma-on weakened rapidly and was downgraded to a tropical storm by the 10th, and quickly completed its transformation into a nontropical low. The remnant system moved more east-northeastward away from eastern Japan before slowing its motion 1100 miles southeast of Hokkaidō.
Ma-on was one of the most powerful storms to strike eastern Japan over the last ten years, along with
Typhoon Tokage (Siony)
Very strong typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 12 – October 20 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min); 940 hPa (mbar) |
Tokage is the Japanese word for lizard. On October 12, an area of convection existed 480 miles east-southeast of Guam. The system developed into Tropical Depression 27W later that day, moving in a west-northwesterly at 15 kn about 200 miles east of Guam. On October 13, the system developed into a tropical storm, and was named Tokage, subsequently moving very close to the islands of
The highest measured wind gust was 142 mph/63.7 m/s at Unzendake, Nagasaki on October 20. The lowest pressure from a land station was 949.4 mb at Okinoerabu, Kagoshima late on October 19. The highest rainfall amount noted in Japan was 550 mm at Fukuharaasahi between late on October 17 and 21, with 470 mm falling within a 24‑hour period. Tokage was regarded as the deadliest storm to strike Japan since Typhoon Bess in 1982. A total of 95 deaths were attributed to high winds, flooding and mudslides caused by Tokage, with an additional three people reported missing. A total of 18,000 people were forced to evacuate their homes.[28] Damages from the storm amounted to $3.23 billion (2004 USD).
Typhoon Nock-ten (Tonyo)
Very strong typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 14 – October 26 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 155 km/h (100 mph) (10-min); 945 hPa (mbar) |
Typhoon Nock-ten originated from a disturbance that formed amongst the Marshall Islands early on October 13 while 45 miles west of Kwajalein Atoll. Tropical Depression 28W developed on October 14 about 275 miles east-northeast of Pohnpei and moving westward along the southern periphery of the subtropical ridge. The system assumed a more west-northwesterly track, becoming a tropical storm by late on October 16, and was named Nock-ten. Early on October 18, the storm turned southwest and slowed its forward motion. The system strengthened into a typhoon by noon local time and curved back towards the west. Nock-ten soon accelerated and moved more northwesterly, partially due to the remains of Typhoon Tokage. Typhoon Nock-ten passed 160 miles south of Guam on October 20. Nock-ten reached its peak intensity of 110 kn/125 mph on October 23 as it tracked 480 miles south of Okinawa. Turning to a northerly track, Typhoon Nock-ten passed closest to Taipei during the afternoon of October 25, lying just off the northeastern tip of Taiwan by evening. The storm weakened and by local midnight the track became north-northeast. Nock-ten's motion to the east-northeast accelerated to 26 kn/29 mph, and the typhoon had become a nontropical low by the evening of October 26.
Typhoon Nock-ten lashed northern Taiwan with powerful winds and driving rain. The highest 24‑hour rainfall on the island was 322 mm in Taipei City between early October 25 and 27. The highest wind gust measured was 122 mph/54.4 m/s in
Typhoon Muifa (Unding)
Typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 14 – November 25 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min); 950 hPa (mbar) |
The name Muifa is taken from the
The highest 24‑hour rainfall amount from the Philippines was 246.4 mm at
Tropical Storm Merbok (Violeta)
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2022) |
Tropical storm (JMA) | |
Duration | November 21 – November 23 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min); 1000 hPa (mbar) |
Merbok is the Malaysian word for the spotted-necked dove. This is the first tropical cyclone recognized by the Japan Meteorological Agency, but not Joint Typhoon Warning Center, since Changmi in 2002.
The heaviest rainfall in the Philippines from this cyclone was 185.2 mm at Casiguran between midday the 22nd and 23rd.[29]
Tropical Depression Winnie
Tropical depression (PAGASA) | |
Duration | November 27 – November 30 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min); 1000 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression Winnie was a large system which brought torrential rains to Luzon, resulting in deadly flashfloods and landslides. Winnie formed east of the central Philippines on the November 27. JMA and the Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan were the only other agencies classifying Winnie as a tropical depression. The system moved west-northwestward over southeastern Luzon on the 29th. After moving well inland over Luzon, Winnie turned to a more north-northwesterly track up the west side of the island and was last mentioned on the 30th when it was located along the northwestern Luzon coast.
According to news reports in the Philippines, 1,404 people were killed or left missing[30] during the passage of Tropical Depression Winnie, primarily due to massive flashfloods and landslides in Quezon and Aurora provinces triggered by the attendant heavy rains. The highest rainfall report from this system was 157.8 mm from Cabanatuan between midday November 29 and 30.[29] Damages from the storm amounted to $15.8 million.[31]
Typhoon Nanmadol (Yoyong)
Very strong typhoon (JMA) | |
Category 4 super typhoon (SSHWS) | |
Duration | November 29 – December 4 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min); 935 hPa (mbar) |
The name Nanmadol is from a famous ruin found on Pohnpei. Super Typhoon Nanmadol developed from a cluster of thunderstorms that was first noted early on November 28 when it was located 155 nmi south-southwest of Pohnpei. It developed into Tropical Depression 30W about 690 miles east-southeast of Yap, and into Tropical Storm Nanmadol by midday November 29 as it moved westward south of the subtropical ridge. Nanmadol continued to strengthen, reaching typhoon intensity late that day after passing south of Satawal. The storm's track curved to the west-northwest. Late on November 30, the storm passed just north of Yap, bringing typhoon-force gusts and sustained tropical storm strength winds. The tropical cyclone reached its peak intensity of 130 kn/150 mph midday on December 2, then a super typhoon, 220 miles east of Manila, Philippines. Super Typhoon Nanmadol soon arrived at the Luzon coastline. At this time, the system began to lose strength and was downgraded from super typhoon status.
Turning northwestward Typhoon Nanmadol took roughly six hours to cross the island of Luzon, and by early on December 3 had re-emerged back over water. The northwesterly turn took Nanmadol into a weakness in the subtropical ridge before being lured away by a major shortwave trough. Nanmadol weakened markedly during December 3 as it gradually veered more towards the north. The cloud pattern became increasingly asymmetrical as Nanmadol moved east-northeastward across southern Taiwan before becoming extratropical during the afternoon of December 4. Nanmadol became the first known December tropical cyclone for 108 years to make landfall on the island. The remnants of Super Typhoon Nanmadol continued to rapidly move to the east-northeast and northeast and ultimately merged with another low-pressure area, forming a powerful extratropical cyclone which brought strong winds and led to unseasonably warm temperatures to Japan.
Because Muifa, Merbok, Winnie, and Nanmadol all occurred within a space of two weeks, the exact number of casualties and total cost of damages is difficult to determine. Nanmadol caused at least 70 fatalities and 157 injuries. Nanmadol destroyed 10,457 houses and damaged 57,435. Agriculture also suffered badly as a result of this typhoon with losses amounting to ₱2.036 billion in the Philippines. The maximum rain in the Philippines was 228.1 mm at Daet between midday on December 2 and 3. In Taiwan, as much as 907 mm fell in Hualien county between early December 3 and 4. Puluowan reported the highest storm total accumulation of 1090 mm during the 35-hr period ending on the afternoon of December 4. In China, 106.3 mm fell at Dachen Dao between the morning of December 3 and 4. In Taiwan, 2 deaths were reported, and agricultural losses there were estimated to have been NT$670 million.[29]
Tropical Storm Talas (Zosimo)
Tropical storm (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | December 9 – December 20 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 995 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Depression 31W, which formed on December 10 near
Between December 10 and 11, Talas produced light rainfall, peaked at 8.4 mm (0.33 in) in Kwajalein with winds reaching 74 km/h (46 mph) and gusting to 103 km/h (64 mph). After passing Kwajelein, the center of Talas brushed
Tropical Storm Noru
Tropical storm (JMA) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | December 17 – December 21 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min); 990 hPa (mbar) |
The final storm of the season, Noru, formed on December 17 to the east-southeast of Saipan. After becoming a tropical storm on December 18 Noru moved to the northwest, where it peaked with 55 kn/65 mph winds. Noru turned to the northeast, and became extratropical on December 21. Noru is the Korean word for the roe deer.
Between December 19 and 20, Noru brought high winds and heavy rains to the northern Mariana Islands. Upwards of 182 mm (7.2 in) fell on Saipan, resulting in isolated flooding. Winds gusted up to 95 kilometres per hour (59 mph) but little or no wind damage resulted from the storm. No structural damage occurred due to Noru.[33]
Storm names
Within the North-western Pacific Ocean, both the
International names
During the season 29 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific and were named by the Japan Meteorological Agency, when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. These names were contributed to a list of a 140 names submitted by the fourteen members nations and territories of the
Sudal | Nida | Omais | Conson | Chanthu | Dianmu | Mindulle | Tingting | Kompasu | Namtheun | Malou | Meranti | Rananim | Malakas | Megi |
Chaba | Aere | Songda | Sarika | Haima | Meari | Ma-on | Tokage | Nock-ten | Muifa | Merbok | Nanmadol | Talas | Noru |
Philippines
Ambo | Butchoy | Cosme | Dindo | Enteng |
Frank | Gener | Helen | Igme | Julian |
Karen | Lawin | Marce | Nina | Ofel |
Pablo | Quinta | Rolly | Siony | Tonyo |
Unding | Violeta | Winnie | Yoyong | Zosimo |
Auxiliary list | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Alakdan (unused) | Baldo (unused) | Clara (unused) | Dencio (unused) | Estong (unused) |
Felipe (unused) | Gardo (unused) | Heling (unused) | Ismael (unused) | Julio (unused) |
The
Retirement
The names Sudal, Tingting and Rananim were retired by the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. The names Mirinae, Lionrock and Fanapi (which was later retired and replaced by Rai) were chosen to replace Sudal, Tingting and Rananim respectively.
During the season, PAGASA announced that they are going to remove the names
Season effects
This is a table of the storms in 2004 and their landfalls, if any. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical or a wave or low. The information below is mainly from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Names in parentheses are those assigned by PAGASA.
Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
01W (Ambo) | February 11–16 | Tropical Depression | 55 km/h (34 mph) | 1,000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Caroline Islands | None | None | |
02W (Butchoy) | March 18–25 | Tropical Depression | 55 km/h (34 mph) | 1,000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Philippines | None | None | |
Sudal (Cosme) | April 4–16 | Very strong typhoon | 165 km/h (103 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Caroline Islands | $14 million | None | |
Nida (Dindo) | May 13–21 | Very strong typhoon | 175 km/h (109 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Philippines, Japan | $1.3 million | 31 | |
05W | May 14–20 | Tropical Depression | 55 km/h (34 mph) | 1,004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Vietnam | None | None | |
Omais (Enteng) | May 16–23 | Severe tropical storm | 95 km/h (59 mph) | 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) | Caroline Islands | None | None | |
Conson (Frank) | June 4–11 | Strong typhoon | 150 km/h (93 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, Japan | $3.8 million | 30 | |
Chanthu (Gener) | June 8–15 | Severe tropical storm | 110 km/h (68 mph) | 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand | $7.9 million | 39 | |
Dianmu (Helen) | June 13–21 | Very strong typhoon | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 915 hPa (27.02 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Japan | $68.5 million | 6 | |
Mindulle (Igme) | June 21 – July 3 | Very strong typhoon | 175 km/h (109 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, East China, Ryukyu Islands, Korea | $833 million | 56 | |
Tingting | June 25 – July 4 | Strong typhoon | 150 km/h (93 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands | $23.7 million | 12 | |
Kompasu (Julian) | July 11–16 | Tropical storm | 85 km/h (53 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | Philippines, Taiwan, South China | Unknown | None | |
Namtheun | July 24 – August 3 | Very strong typhoon | 155 km/h (96 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Japan | None | None | |
TD | July 27 | Tropical Depression | Not specified | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | South China | None | None | |
Malou | August 2–6 | Tropical storm | 75 km/h (47 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Japan | Unknown | None | |
Meranti |
August 3–9 | Strong typhoon | 140 km/h (87 mph) | 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) | Wake Island | None | None | |
Rananim (Karen) | August 6–15 | Strong typhoon | 150 km/h (93 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Ryukyu Islands, East China, Taiwan | $2.44 billion | 169 | |
TD | August 6–7 | Tropical Depression | Not specified | 1,002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | |
TD | August 7–8 | Tropical Depression | Not specified | 1,002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Malakas | August 9–13 | Tropical storm | 85 km/h (53 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | None | Unknown | None | |
Megi (Lawin) | August 14–20 | Strong typhoon | 120 km/h (75 mph) | 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) | Japan, Korea | Unknown | 5 | |
Chaba | August 18–31 | Violent typhoon | 205 km/h (127 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | Ryukyu Islands, South Korea, Japan | $2 billion | 20 | |
Aere (Marce) | August 18–31 | Strong typhoon | 150 km/h (93 mph) | 955 hPa (28.20 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Ryukyu Islands, China, Taiwan | $313,000 | 107 | |
21W | August 25–30 | Tropical Depression | 55 km/h (34 mph) | 1,000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
Songda (Nina) | August 26 – September 7 | Very strong typhoon | 175 km/h (109 mph) | 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) | Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands, Japan, South Korea | $9.3 billion | 28 | |
Sarika | September 3–9 | Severe tropical storm | 100 km/h (62 mph) | 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
TD | September 8–11 | Tropical Depression | Not specified | 1,002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Ryukyu Islands | None | None | |
Haima (Ofel) | September 10–13 | Tropical storm | 75 km/h (47 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | Taiwan, East China | $7.64 million | None | |
TD | September 12 | Tropical Depression | Not specified | 1,008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | Taiwan | None | None | |
Pablo | September 15–20 | Tropical Depression | Not specified | 1,008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam | None | None | |
TD | September 15–16 | Tropical Depression | Not specified | 1,006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | East China | None | None | |
Meari (Quinta) | September 19–29 | Very strong typhoon | 165 km/h (103 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Japan | $798 million | 18 | |
TD | September 20 | Tropical Depression | Not specified | 1,008 hPa (29.77 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Ma-on (Rolly) | October 3–10 | Very strong typhoon | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) | Japan | $623 million | 7 | |
TD | October 4 | Tropical Depression | Not specified | 1,004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | |
TD | October 9–13 | Tropical Depression | Not specified | 1,004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Tokage (Siony) |
October 12–20 | Very strong typhoon | 155 km/h (96 mph) | 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) | Mariana Islands, Taiwan, Japan | $2.3 billion | 95 | |
Nock-ten (Tonyo) | October 14–26 | Very strong typhoon | 155 km/h (96 mph) | 945 hPa (27.91 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands | None | 3 | |
Muifa (Unding) | November 14–25 | Strong typhoon | 150 km/h (93 mph) | 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) | Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar | $18 million | 108 | |
TD | November 16–19 | Tropical Depression | Not specified | 1,006 hPa (29.71 inHg) | None | None | None | |
Merbok (Violeta) | November 22–23 | Tropical storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 1,000 hPa (29.53 inHg) | Philippines | $253 million | 31 | |
Winnie | November 29–30 | Tropical Depression | Not specified | 1,002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | Philippines | $14.6 million | 1,593 | |
Nanmadol (Yoyong) | November 28 – December 4 | Very strong typhoon | 165 km/h (103 mph) | 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) | Caroline Islands, Philippines, Taiwan | $60.8 million | 77 | |
Talas (Zosimo) | December 9–20 | Tropical storm | 75 km/h (47 mph) | 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) | Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands | $750,000 | None | |
Noru | December 17–21 | Tropical storm | 75 km/h (47 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | Mariana Islands | None | None | |
Season aggregates | ||||||||
45 systems | February 11 – December 21 | 205 km/h (127 mph) | 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) | $18.8 billion | 2,435 |
See also
- Tropical cyclones in 2004
- List of Pacific typhoon seasons
- List of wettest tropical cyclones
- 2004 Pacific hurricane season
- 2004 Atlantic hurricane season
- 2004 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2003–04, 2004–05
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 2003–04, 2004–05
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2003–04, 2004–05
Notes
- ^ a b A super typhoon is an unofficial category used by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) for a typhoon with winds of at least 240 km/h (150 mph).[2]
- Regional Specialized Meteorological Centerfor the western Pacific Ocean.
- ^ The Joint Typhoon Warning Center is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force task force that issues tropical cyclone warnings for the western Pacific Ocean and other regions.[3]
- ^ All damage totals are valued as of 2004 and in United States dollars, unless otherwise noted.
References
- ^ "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary". Typhoon 2000. May 2003. Archived from the original on November 30, 2010.
- ^ Frequently Asked Questions (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. August 13, 2012. Archived from the original on October 4, 2013. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
- ^ "Joint Typhoon Warning Center Mission Statement". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2011. Archived from the original on July 26, 2007. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
- ^ http://tropical.atmos.colostate.edu/Realtime/index.php?arch&loc=northwestpacific
- ^ "Basin Archives: Northwest Pacific Ocean Historical Tropical Cyclone Statistics". Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University. Retrieved May 25, 2023.
- ^ Saunders, Mark; Lea, Adam (January 11, 2005). "Summary of 2004 NW Pacific Typhoon Season and Verification of Authors' Seasonal Forecasts" (PDF). Tropical Storm Risk.
- ^ Gary Padgett (2004). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary, March 2004". Archived from the original on August 14, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
- ^ Gary Padgett (2004). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary, April 2004". Archived from the original on June 5, 2021. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
- ^ May 2004 Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary Archived August 22, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Central Weather Bureau A Real-time MM5/WRF Forecasting system in Taiwan Archived May 12, 2006, at the Wayback Machine URL Accessed: September 26, 2006
- ^ a b Gary Padgett (September 2, 2004). "Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for June 2004". Typhoon 2000. Archived from the original on February 2, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2009.
- ^ AFP (June 24, 2004). "Vietnam calls off search for typhoon victims". Independent Online. Retrieved June 9, 2009.
- ^ Staff Writer (June 25, 2004). "NA Deputy Chairman visits typhoon victims' families". Vietnam Bridge. Archived from the original on September 20, 2005. Retrieved June 9, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2005). "JTWC Annual Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g Gary Padgett (December 7, 2004). "Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for August 2004". Typhoon 2000. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
- ^ a b c d Japan Meteorological Agency (2005). "JMA Annual Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). World Meteorological Agency. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
- ^ George P. Bancroft (December 2004). "Mariners Weather Log Vol. 48, No. 3". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Gary Padgett (December 7, 2004). "Tropical Weather Summary for August 2004". Typhoon 2000. Retrieved August 6, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Japan Meteorological Agency Best Tracks for 2004". Japan Meteorological Agency. 2005. Archived from the original (TXT) on March 23, 2011. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
- ^ Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2005). "Typhoon 16W (Rananim) Best Track". Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. Archived from the original (TXT) on August 29, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2010.
- ^ a b c International Disaster Database: Disaster List Archived September 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. 2010. Retrieved on August 6, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2004
- ^ a b Gary Padgett (September 21, 2004). "Monthly Tropical Cyclone Tracks for August 2004". Typhoon 2000. Retrieved April 9, 2009.
- ^ a b "JTWC Best Track for Tropical Depression 21W". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 2005. Retrieved April 9, 2009.
- ^ a b Joint Typhoon Warning Center (2005). "Typhoon 22W (Songda) Best Track" (TXT). Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command. Retrieved August 6, 2010.
- ^ "Guam Event Report: Typhoon". National Climatic Data Center. 2005. Archived from the original on August 5, 2010. Retrieved August 6, 2010.
- ^ a b c d Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary September 2004
- ^ a b c Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary October 2004
- ^ a b c d Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary November 2004
- ^ Masters, Jeff (June 24, 2008). "Fengshen: deadliest Western Pacific storm in 17 years". Weather Underground.
- ^ "Philippines: A country prone to natural disasters". Deutsche Welle (DW).
- ^ Stuart Hinson (2005). "Marshall Islands Event Report: Tropical Storm". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved June 10, 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Stuart Hinson (2005). "Mariana Islands Event Report: Tropical Storm". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved June 10, 2009.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Padgett, Gary. "Monthly Tropical Cyclone summary December 1999". Australian Severe Weather. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
- ^ a b the Typhoon Committee (February 21, 2012). "Typhoon Committee Operational Manual 2012" (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. pp. 37–38. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 1, 2013.
External links
- Japan Meteorological Agency
- China Meteorological Agency
- National Weather Service Guam
- Hong Kong Observatory
- Macau Meteorological Geophysical Services
- Korea Meteorological Agency
- Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
- Taiwan Central Weather Bureau
- Joint Typhoon Warning Center Archived March 1, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- Satellite movie of 2004 Pacific typhoon season