2024 in spaceflight
IM-1 Odysseus SLIM taken by LEV-2 Sora-Q | |
Orbital launches | |
---|---|
First | 1 January |
Last | 28 April |
Total | 81 |
Successes | 78 |
Failures | 1 |
Partial failures | 2 |
Catalogued | 70 |
National firsts | |
Space traveller | |
Rockets | |
Maiden flights |
|
Retirements | |
Crewed flights | |
Orbital | 4 |
Orbital travellers | 14 |
Suborbital | 1 |
Suborbital travellers | 6 |
Total travellers | 20 |
The year 2024 is expected to exceed 2023's 223 orbital launches. So far, the year saw the successful first launch of Vulcan Centaur, Gravity-1, and notably the third developmental launch of SpaceX's Starship – IFT-3. Additionally, the final launch of a Delta family rocket occurred in April 2024 with a Delta IV Heavy. Following 2020s' trend, it is expected that many more privately-developed launch vehicles will feature a maiden launch in 2024.
In terms of other national-level scientific space missions, NASA's Europa Clipper probe, NASA's EscaPADE probe, ESA's Hera probe, and NISAR Earth observation satellite are planned to launch in 2024. NASA's Ingenuity helicopter ended operation in January due to damages to rotor blades after its 72nd flight. This year is also expected to see many lunar landing attempts. JAXA's SLIM and Intuitive Machines' IM-1 have successfully survived soft-landings on the Moon but were tipped over during final moments of descent. CNSA's Chang'e 6 is expected to attempt humanity's first lunar sample return from the far side of the Moon in May.
Two crewed space stations, the
This year saw
Overview
Astronomy and Astrophysics
On
In April 2024, NASA began, under the direction of the Office of Science and Technology Policy to create a standard for time on the Moon, it is called Coordinated Lunar Time and is expected to be completed by 2026.
European Space Agency will launch their PROBA-3 dual satellites for solar coronagraphy.
Exploration of the Solar System
NASA’s Mars helicopter Ingenuity flew its 72nd and last flight on Jan. 18, 2024. Because all four of its rotor blades were damaged, NASA announced the end of mission for Ingenuity on Jan. 25, 2024.[5][6]
NASA plans to launch the Europa Clipper in October, which will study the Jovian moon Europa while in orbit around Jupiter.
NASA's EscaPADE mission to Mars is also planned to launch this year.
Lunar exploration
Peregrine lunar lander was successfully launched on 8 January, but after the launch a propellant leak was detected that precluded any attempt to perform a lunar landing. In the end, the Peregrine spacecraft never left the (highly elliptical) Earth orbit it was injected into by the carrier rocket, and the mission ended ten days later (after one orbit) on 18 January when the spacecraft re-entered the Earth's atmosphere (under control of the mission team) and was destroyed.
Irrespective of this solar array issue on lander, the two LEV 1 and 2 rovers, deployed during hovering just before final landing are working as expected and LEV-1 communicating independently to the ground stations.[10] LEV-1 conducted seven hops over 107 minutes on lunar surface. Images taken by LEV-2 show the wrong attitude landing with loss of an engine nozzle during descent and even possible sustained damage to lander's Earth bound antenna, that is not pointed towards Earth.[12] Irrespective of wrong attitude and loss of communication with the lander, the mission is already fully successful after confirmation of its primary goal landing within 100 m (330 ft) of its landing spot was already achieved.[13][14][15]
On 29 January, the lander resumed operations after being shut for a week. JAXA said it re-established contact with the lander and its solar cells were working again after a shift in lighting conditions allowed it to catch sunlight.
Just before landing, at approximately 30 m (98 ft) above the lunar surface, the Odysseus lander was planned to eject the EagleCam camera-equipped CubeSat, which would have been dropped onto the lunar surface near the lander, with an impact velocity of about 10 m/s (22 mph). However, due to complications arising from the software patch, it was decided that EagleCam would not be ejected upon landing. It was later ejected on 28 February but was partially failure as it returned all types of data, except post IM-1 landing images that were the main aim of its mission.[19][20][21][22]
On 13 March, China attempted to launch two spacecrafts, DRO-A and DRO-B, into distant retrograde orbit around the Moon, but the mission failed to reach the strived for orbit, remaining stranded in low Earth orbit.[23][24]
On 20 March 2024 China launched its relay satellite,
China plans to send Chang'e 6 on 3 May 2024, which will conduct the first lunar sample return from the far side of the Moon.[28] This will be China's second lunar sample return mission, the first was achieved by Chang'e 5 from the lunar near side 4 years ago. Pakistan will send a lunar orbiter called ICECUBE-Q along with Chang'e 6.
DARPA provided funding towards a forward looking 10 year lunar architecture proposals. Aimed at creating the beginning stages of a lunar economy the DARPA lunar programs is participated in by many current industry leaders.
Human spaceflight
On 4 February, Russian
ISRO will launch their Gaganyaan uncrewed missions and SPADEX docking experiment this year.
Boeing's Starliner spacecraft is expected to conduct its crewed test flight in May. Sunita Williams will become the first woman to fly on the maiden crewed flight of an orbital spacecraft.
Private human spaceflight and space tourism
On 26 January[31] Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo VSS Unity was successfully launched from Spaceport America on Galactic 06 suborbital space tourism mission.
Blue Origin’s New Shepard also planned to return to space tourism launches with the NS-25 mission.
Rocket innovation
The maiden flight of United Launch Alliance's Vulcan Centaur took place on 8 January 2024. Vulcan is the first methane fueled rocket to reach orbit on its first attempt, and the first methane fueled rocket to reach orbit from the US.[32]
China's Orienspace's Gravity-1 rocket completed its successful maiden flight on January 11, 2024, debuting on a new mobile sea platform in the Yellow Sea while breaking records as both the world's largest solid-fuel carrier rocket and China's most powerful commercial launch vehicle to date (as of early 2024).
On 5 March, for the first time due to their fast turnaround of 1 hour 51 minutes between launches, SpaceX launch operations for a mission (in this case, Starlink Group 6-41) coincided with that of a preceding launch (in this case, payload deployment of Transporter-10:(53 payloads SmallSat Rideshare).[33]
On 13 March, the
On 9 April, Delta IV Heavy flew its final mission.
Another test flight of the Russian Angara A5 launched on 11 April 2024.[34][35]
The central core for the Ariane 6 inaugural flight vehicle was moved upright on the launch pad on 24 April 2024 in preparation for a summer launch.[36]
Space Pioneer (aka Tianbing) of China plans to launch its Falcon 9 class kerolox rocket Tianlong-3 in June.
The maiden flight of Blue Origin's New Glenn is planned for August 2024.[37]
Satellite technology
NISAR, the most expensive and largest radar imaging satellite will be launched from India onboard GSLV Mk-II on 30 March 2024.[38]
Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem or PACE, a NASA Earth observing satellite, launched on 8 February 2024.
In March, China successfully launched the Queqiao-2 relay satellite mission. The satellites are designed to act as a communication relay between its Chang’e missions (including the upcoming Chang'e 6) and Earth. The satellites were announced as operational in April.
In April, NASA launched a next generation solar sail demonstration aboard a Rocket Lab Electron.[39][40]
ESA EarthCARE is scheduled to launch in May.
NASA's Dream Chaser spaceplane, developed by Sierra Space, is scheduled to have its first flight in June.[41] It will visit the International Space Station.[42]
Orbital launches
Month | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
---|---|---|---|
January | 22 | 0 | 0 |
February | 19 | 0 | 0 |
March | 19 | 1 | 2 |
April | 18 | 0 | 0 |
May | TBD | TBD | TBD |
June | TBD | TBD | TBD |
July | TBD | TBD | TBD |
August | TBD | TBD | TBD |
September | TBD | TBD | TBD |
October | TBD | TBD | TBD |
November | TBD | TBD | TBD |
December | TBD | TBD | TBD |
Total | 78 | 1 | 2 |
Deep-space rendezvous
Date (UTC) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
19 January | SLIM | Lunar landing | Success[43] |
Late January | Peregrine | Lunar orbit insertion | Precluded due to propellant leak developing shortly after launch.[44] |
3 February | Juno | 58th perijove | On the day of this perijove, Juno flew by Io at a distance of 1,500 km. Orbital period around Jupiter reduced to 33 days.[45][46] |
21 February | Nova-C (IM-1 Odysseus) | Lunar orbit insertion | Success[47] |
22 February | Nova-C (IM-1 Odysseus) | Lunar landing | Partial success; lander touched down successfully, but one of the footpads came to rest on a rock, and the lander leaned over, then toppled on its side. The lander survived the fall, with instrumentation and solar panels oriented upward.[48] |
24 March | Queqiao-2
|
Lunar orbit insertion | Success[49] |
24 March | Tiandu 1 and 2 | Lunar orbit insertion | Success[49] |
23 August | JUICE | Gravity assist at Earth and Moon | |
5 September | BepiColombo | Fourth gravity assist at Mercury | |
6 November | Parker Solar Probe | Seventh gravity assist at Venus | |
2 December | BepiColombo | Fifth gravity assist at Mercury | |
13 December | Lucy | Second gravity assist at Earth | Target altitude 350 km |
24 December | Parker Solar Probe | 22nd perihelion , closest approach to the Sun
|
Extravehicular activities (EVAs)
Start Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 March 2024 21:40 |
7 hours 52 minutes | 05:32 (next day) | Shenzhou 17 TSS Wentian airlock |
Tang Hongbo Jiang Xinlin |
Fourteenth EVA from the Tiangong space station. Tasks included maintenance of the solar panels of the Tianhe core module, which have sustained minor damage caused by impacts of space debris and micrometeoroids; evaluation and analysis of the performance status of the solar panel power generation and also inspection of the status of the space station modules.[50] |
25 April 2024 14:57 |
4 Hours, 36 Minutes | 19:33 | Expedition 71 | Oleg Kononenko Nikolai Chub |
The cosmonauts ventured out and released launch locks on the Mini Radar Unit to get it deployed and installed a series of experiments TKK and Kvartz onto Poisk including a monoblock payload adapter and boom and photograph the Russian Segment.The Cosmonauts also repositioned the Plume Measurement Unit, removed an ion radiation probe and jettisoned it, and retrieved the Biorisk canisters for return to earth. The cosmonauts also wiped down the handrails on Nauka and Poisk to check for microbial growth and contamination from the radiator leak and from visiting vehicles and hydrazine from Nauka's arrival.[51][52] |
Orbital launch statistics
By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Electron rockets launched from the Mahia Peninsula in New Zealand are counted under the United States because Electron is an American rocket.
Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
China | 18 | 17 | 0 | 1 | ||
India | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Iran | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Japan | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
Russia | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
United States | 50 | 49 | 0 | 1 | Includes Electron launches from Mahia | |
World | 81 | 78 | 1 | 2 |
By rocket
By family
Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angara | Russia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Electron | United States | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon |
United States | 42 | 42 | 0 | 0 | |
GSLV | India | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Gravity | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
H-series |
Japan | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Jielong | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
KAIROS |
Japan | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Kinetica | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Kuaizhou | China | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March | China | 13 | 12 | 0 | 1 | |
PSLV | India | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Qaem | Iran | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | Russia | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Simorgh | Iran | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Starship | United States | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Vulcan | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
By type
Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angara A5 | Russia | Angara | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV | United States | Delta | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Electron | United States | Electron | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 | United States | Falcon | 42 | 42 | 0 | 0 | |
GSLV | India | GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Gravity-1 | China | Gravity | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
H-IIA | Japan | H-series | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H3 | Japan | H-series | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Jielong 3 | China | Jielong | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
KAIROS |
Japan | KAIROS | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Kinetica 1 | China | Kinetica | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Kuaizhou-1 | China | Kuaizhou | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2 | China | Long March | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | |
Long March 3 | China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 5 | China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 6 | China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 7 | China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 8 | China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | India | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Qaem 100 | Iran | Qaem | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Simorgh | Iran | Simorgh | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2 | Russia | R-7 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Starship | United States | Starship | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Vulcan Centaur | United States | Vulcan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
By configuration
Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angara A5 / Orion | Russia | Angara A5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Delta IV Heavy | United States | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Electron | United States | Electron | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 Block 5 | United States | Falcon 9 | 42 | 42 | 0 | 0 | |
GSLV Mk-II | India | GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Gravity-1 | China | Gravity-1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
H-IIA 202 | Japan | H-IIA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H3-22S | Japan | H3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Jielong 3 | China | Jielong 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
KAIROS |
Japan | KAIROS | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Kinetica 1 | China | Kinetica 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Kuaizhou-1A | China | Kuaizhou-1 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2C | China | Long March 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2C / YZ-1S | China | Long March 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Long March 2D | China | Long March 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2D / YZ-3 | China | Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2F/G | China | Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B/E | China | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 5 | China | Long March 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 6A | China | Long March 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 7 | China | Long March 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 8 | China | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-DL | India | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Qaem 100 | Iran | Qaem 100 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Simorgh | Iran | Simorgh | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2-1v | Russia | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Starship | United States | Starship | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Vulcan Centaur VC2S | United States | Vulcan Centaur | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
By spaceport
Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | Kazakhstan | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Cape Canaveral | United States | 21 | 21 | 0 | 0 | |
Jiuquan | China | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Kennedy | United States | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
Kii | Japan | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | First launch |
Mahia | New Zealand | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
MARS | United States | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | Russia | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Satish Dhawan | India | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Semnan | Iran | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Shahroud | Iran | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
South China Sea | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Starbase | United States | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
Taiyuan | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Tanegashima | Japan | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | United States | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | |
Vostochny | Russia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Wenchang |
China | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Xichang | China | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | |
Yellow Sea | China | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 81 | 78 | 1 | 2 |
By orbit
- Transatmospheric
- Low Earth
- Low Earth (ISS)
- Low Earth (CSS)
- Low Earth (SSO)
- Low Earth (polar)
- Low Earth (retrograde)
- Medium Earth
- Molniya
- Geosynchronous
- Tundra
- High Earth
- Lunar transfer
- Heliocentric
Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transatmospheric |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Low Earth / Sun-synchronous | 67 | 66 | 1 | 1 | Including flights to ISS and Tiangong (CSS) |
GTO |
8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Medium Earth / Molniya | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
High Earth / Lunar transfer | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
Heliocentric orbit / Planetary transfer | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 81 | 78 | 3 | 1 |
Suborbital launch statistics
By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of suborbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. Flights intended to fly below 80 km (50 mi) are omitted.
Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brazil | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Canada | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
Germany | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
India | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Iran | 120 | 120 | 0 | 0 | ||
Netherlands | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
North Korea | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Russia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
United States | 12 | 11 | 1 | 0 | ||
World | 144 | 142 | 1 | 1 |
Planned maiden flights
- Agnibaan – AgniKul Cosmos – India – Q3 [53]
- Ariane 6 – Arianespace – Europe (ESA) – June[54]
- Aurora – Reaction Dynamics – Canada – Q4[55]
- Darwin-II – Rocket Pi – China
- Eris Block 1 – Gilmour Space Technologies – Australia – May[56]
- Hanbit-Nano – Innospace – South Korea [57]
- Long March 6C – CASC – China[58]
- Long March 8G – CASC – China – June
- Long March 12 (previously known as XLV) – CASC – China[59]
- Nebula-1 – Deep Blue Aerospace – China - H2[60]
- Neutron – Rocket Lab – USA [61]
- New Glenn – Blue Origin – USA – Q3 [37]
- Pallas-1 – Galactic Energy – China – November[62]
- RFA One – Rocket Factory Augsburg – Germany – Summer[63]
- Rocket 4 – Astra Space – USA
- Tianlong-3 – Space Pioneer – China – June[66]
- Vikram-1 – Skyroot Aerospace – India[67]
Notes
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{{cite web}}
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- ^ "Shenzhou-17 crew completes in-orbit repairs during 2nd extravehicular mission". Xinhua. 2 March 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
- ^ Garcia, Mark (25 April 2024). "Cosmonauts Begin Spacewalk for Hardware, Science Work". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
- ^ "Cosmonauts Complete Spacewalk to Install Hardware, Science - Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. 25 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
- ^ https://twitter.com/AgnikulCosmos/status/1766183608837144714
- ^ "Ariane 6 joint update report, 30 November 2023". ESA. 30 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
- ^ @Reactiondyn (12 January 2024). "We're gearing up for qualification testing and preparing for our inaugural flight in the last quarter of 2024 as part of the Aurora test program" (Tweet). Retrieved 14 January 2024 – via Twitter.
- ^ "An Australian-made rocket will be launched in Queensland in a historic first". ABC News. 26 December 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ Hyeong-woo, Kan (20 March 2023). "Innospace launches world's 1st hybrid rocket with electric pump". The Korea Herald. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ China N' Asia Spaceflight [@CNSpaceflight] (3 January 2023). "CASC had a planning meeting today of 2023 missions, affirming Long March 6C to debut in 2023, and 50+ launches are planned in the year" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (26 February 2024). "China's 2024 space plans include 100 launches and moon sample return mission". SpaceNews. Retrieved 3 March 2024.
- ^ @CNSpaceflight (19 April 2022). "Deepblue Aerospace, the Chinese company completed 2 hop tests in 2021, closed a series A+ round funding led by MINYIN International, after a series A in January. The company also mentioned in the press release the 1st orbital launch of reusable Nebula-1 is targeted by end of 2024" (Tweet). Retrieved 14 January 2024 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Neutron". Rocket Lab. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
- ^ @CNSpaceflight (25 January 2024). "GALACTIC-ENERGY's CEO says Pallas-1 will be ready to launch this November" (Tweet). Retrieved 27 January 2024 – via Twitter.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (15 November 2023). "Rocket Factory Augsburg perceives historic moment for European launch industry". SpaceNews. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
- ^ Pooran, Neil; Picksley, Dominic (24 June 2023). "Shetland's SaxaVord spaceport will soon be launching satellites into orbit". Express. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
- ^ "Quarter 4, 2022 in review". Skyrora (Press release). 12 December 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ @CNSpaceflight (30 November 2023). "A leaked photo shows SPACE-PIONEER is targeting next June for the maiden launch of Tianlong-3, 14t to 500km SSO, from Wenchang commercial launch pad#2, which is still under construction. 2 more launches are planned for September & November from Wenchang & Jiuquan, 11t to 800km" (Tweet). Retrieved 14 January 2024 – via Twitter.
- ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
External links
- Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
- Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
- Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.[dead link]
- Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
- Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report". Archived from the original on 5 October 2009. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "GCAT Orbital Launch Log".
- Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
- Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
- Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
- "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
- "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
- "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[dead link]
- "Space Information Center". JAXA.[dead link]
- "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).