210s

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The 210s decade ran from January 1, 210, to December 31, 219.

Events

210

• Having suffered heavy losses since invading Scotland in 208, Emperor Septimius Severus sends his son - Caracalla - to systematically wipe out and torture the Scots into submission.^[1]

211

• Roman Emperors
  .
• December 19 – Geta is lured to come without his bodyguards to meet Caracalla, to discuss a possible reconciliation. When he arrives the Praetorian Guard murders him, and he dies in the arms of his mother Julia Domna.
• Eboracum becomes the capital of Britannia Inferior, a northern province of the Roman Empire.

China

• January – Warlord Cao Cao writes Ràng Xiàn Zì Míng Běn Zhì Lìng (讓縣自明本志令)
• March –
  Battle of Tong Pass: Cao Cao defeats Ma Chao
  .

• Baths of Caracalla construction begins (approximate date).

Religion

• Marcus I is succeeded by Philadelphus, as Patriarch of Constantinople.

212

• The edict of Emperor Caracalla (Constitutio Antoniniana) extends Roman citizenship to all free inhabitants of the Roman Empire, with the exception of a limited group that may include Egyptians. The Jewish people are among those who receive citizenship. All free women in the Empire are given the same rights as Roman women.^{[citation needed]}
• Roman jurist
  Publius Septimius Geta. He is beheaded in Rome, in Caracalla's presence.^{[citation needed}
  ]
• Caracalla quiets the objections of the Roman army to Geta's murder, by huge donations.^{[citation needed]}
• Construction begins on the Baths of Caracalla in Rome.^{[citation needed]}
• Edessa in Mesopotamia becomes a Roman province.^{[citation needed]}

213

• Emperor Caracalla leaves
  Germanic tribes on the banks of the River Main, and gives himself the title "Germanicus". It is probably while campaigning in Germania that he takes a liking to the caracalla, a Celtic or Germanic tunic
  from which he acquires the name by which he is known.

• Cao Cao, the prime minister of the Han dynasty, is titled Wei Gong (Duke of Wei) and given a fief of ten cities under his domain.^[3] This later becomes the Kingdom of Wei.

214

• The kingdom of Osroene becomes a province of the Roman Empire.
• Caracalla's victories in Germany ensure his popularity within the Roman army.
• The defences of
  Rhaetia are reinforced, in the form of an uninterrupted stone wall
  .

• The Korean kingdom of Baekje attacks the Mohe tribes.
• Gusu becomes king of Baekje.^[4]

China

• Battle of Xiaoyao Ford: General Zhang Liao under the command of Cao Cao beats back Sun Quan at Hefei.
• Yi Province from his clansman Liu Zhang, forming the later basis for Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period
  .
• Valley of the Fallen Phoenix
  .

• Geta
  in self-defense.
• A
  third century, with Rome's economy
  in crisis, the Antonianus will be the only official currency.

• Zhang Liao holds off Sun Quan's invasion force at the Battle of Xiaoyao Ford in Hefei, China.

Caucasus

• Vachagan I becomes king of Caucasian Albania.

216

• The Baths of Caracalla in Rome are completed with public baths (Thermae), reading rooms, auditoriums, running tracks, and public gardens that cover 20 acres.^[8]
• Emperor
  marriage proposal. He slaughters his bride and the wedding guests after the celebrations.^[9]
• Caracalla provokes a war with
  Artabanus V (of Parthia) to imitate his idol Alexander the Great. He crosses the Tigris, destroys towns and spoils the tombs of Arbela. The Roman army annexes Armenia
  .
• The basilica of Leptis Magna, ordered by Septimius Severus, is completed.

China

• Chinese warlord Cao Cao is made a vassal and ruler of Wei (Former Wei) by Emperor Xian, the last ruler of the Han Dynasty.

By topic

Religion

• soldiers serving in Asia
  .

• Marcus Opellius Macrinus, head of the Praetorian Guard, declares himself Roman emperor
  .
• Summer – Battle of Nisibis: A Roman army, under the command of Macrinus, is defeated in a three days' battle by the Parthians at Nisibis, in the province of Mesopotamia.
• King
  Artabanus V signs a peace treaty with Rome after he receives 200 million sesterces, for the rebuilding of towns destroyed during the war in Parthia
  .
• Macrinus, of
  equestrian
  Roman emperor.
• Empress
  Geta, commits suicide
  .
• The
  amphitheater
  .

• Hippolytus who accuses him of laxity and of being a Modalist, one who denies any distinction between the three persons of the Trinity
  .
• Hippolytus begins his "pontificate" as antipope and sets up a breakaway church for Christian followers.

Sports

• According to a tradition noted by 19th-century historian
  Easter Sunday^[10][11]

• May 16 – Julia Maesa, an aunt of the assassinated Emperor Caracalla, is banished to her home in Syria by the self-proclaimed emperor Macrinus, and declares her grandson Elagabalus, age 14, emperor of Rome.
• Syrian legions, the forces of Macrinus. Macrinus flees, but is captured near Chalcedon and later executed in Cappadocia
  .
• Zeugma
  and also put to death.

• Spring – Ji Ben (or Ji Ping), Chinese court physician, plots a rebellion in the imperial capital Xu (modern-day Xuchang), but the revolt is suppressed and the conspirators are captured and executed.

By topic

Commerce

• The silver content of the Roman denarius falls to 43 percent under the reign of Elagabalus, down from 50 percent under Septimius Severus, as he empties the treasury.

219

• Roman Consuls
  .
• Augusta
  .
• Legions III Gallica and IV Scythica are disbanded by Elagabalus after their leaders, Verus and Gellius Maximus, rebel.
• Emperor Elagabalus, age 15, is initiated into the worship of the Phrygian gods Cybele and Attis.

India

• The reign of Pulona,
  Satavahana king of Andhra, begins in India
  .

• The Battle of Mount Dingjun ends with Liu Bei emerging victorious. He declares himself king of Hanzhong afterwards.
• Jing Province. Guan Yu retreats to Maicheng, falls into an ambush, and gets captured by Sun Quan
  's forces.
• Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing
  ).
• Tuoba Liwei becomes the first chieftain of the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei people.

Significant people

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Births

210

• May 10 – Claudius II, Roman emperor (d. 270)
• Dexippus, Greek historian and general (d. 273)
• Egnatius Lucillianus, Roman governor (d. 244)
• Ruan Ji, Chinese musician and poet (d. 263)

211

• Sima Zhao, Chinese general and politician (d. 265)
• Xiahou Hui (or Yuanrong), Chinese noblewoman (d. 234)

213

• Gregory Thaumaturgus, Christian bishop (d. 270)
• Sun Lü, Chinese general and nobleman (d. 232)

214

• May 10 – Claudius Gothicus, Roman emperor (d. 270)
• September 9 – Aurelian, Roman emperor (d. 275)^[12]
• Cao Gan, Chinese prince and son of Cao Cao (d. 261)
• Diophantus, Greek mathematician (approximate date)
• Twelver Shia) (d. 296
  )
• Yang Huiyu, Chinese empress dowager (d. 278)

215

• Huangfu Mi (or Shi'an), Chinese physician and poet (d. 282)

216

• Mani, prophet and founder of Manichaeism (d. 274)^[13]

217

• Fu Xuan, Chinese historian and poet (d. 278)
• Hua He, Chinese official and historian (d. 278)
• Jia Chong, Chinese politician and general (d. 282)
• Wang Yuanji, Chinese empress dowager (d. 268)

218

• Gallienus, Roman emperor (d. 268)^[14]
• Yu Si, Chinese general and politician

219

• Hua He (or Yongxian), Chinese official and historian (d. 278)
• Sun Jun (or Ziyuan), Chinese general and regent (d. 256
  )

210

• Cao Chun, Chinese general and adviser (b. 170)
• Liu Hong, Chinese astronomer and politician (b. 129)
• Sextus Empiricus, Greek philosopher and writer
• Zhou Yu, Chinese general and strategist (b. 175)

211

• February 4 – Septimius Severus, Roman emperor (b. 145)^[15]
• Publius Septimius Geta, Roman emperor (b. 189)^[16]
• Fulvia Plautilla, Roman empress and wife of Caracalla
• Serapion of Antioch, patriarch of Antioch

212

• Annia Cornificia Faustina Minor, daughter of Marcus Aurelius (b. 160)
• Gao You, Chinese scholar, historian, politician and writer (b 168).^[17]
• Ma Teng (or Shoucheng), Chinese general and warlord
• Papinian, Roman jurist and praetorian prefect (b. 142)
• Serenus Sammonicus, Roman poet and physician
• Xun Yu, Chinese politician and adviser (b. 163)
• Zhang Hong, Chinese official and politician (b. 153)

213

• Tiberius Claudius Cleobulus, Roman politician
• Wei Kang (or Yuanjiang), Chinese politician
• Zhang Ren, Chinese general under Liu Zhang
• Zhang Song, Chinese official and adviser

214

• Chogo of Baekje, Korean ruler^[4]
• Fu Shou, Chinese empress of the Han Dynasty
• Kuai Yue (or Yidu), Chinese politician and adviser
• Pang Tong, Chinese politician and adviser (b. 179)
• Peng Yang (or Yongnian), Chinese official (b. 178)
• Sun Qian, Chinese diplomat, general and politician
• Xun You, Chinese statesman and adviser (b. 157)

215

• Chen Wu, Chinese general serving under Sun Quan
• Clement of Alexandria, Greek scholar and philosopher
• Han Sui (or Wenyue), Chinese general and warlord
• Sun Yu, Chinese warlord and cousin of Sun Quan (b. 177)
• Zhang Cheng, Chinese official serving under Cao Cao

216

• Clement of Alexandria, Greek theologian (approximate date)
• Cui Yan (or Jigui), Chinese official and politician (b. 165)
• Huo Jun (or Zhongmiao), Chinese general and official
• Mao Jie (or Xiaoxian), Chinese official and politician
• Narcissus of Jerusalem, patriarch of Jerusalem
• Pantaenus, Greek theologian (approximate date)
• Zhang Lu, Chinese warlord and religious leader

217

• April 8 – Caracalla, Roman emperor (b. 188)^[18]
• December 20 – Zephyrinus, pope of Rome
• Chen Lin, Chinese official and politician
• Dong Xi (or Yuanshi), Chinese general
• Julia Domna, Roman empress (b. 160)
• Lucius Valerius Datus, Roman prefect
• Ling Tong (or Gongji), Chinese general (b. 189)
• Lu Su, Chinese general and politician (b. 172)
• Sima Lang, Chinese official and politician (b. 171)
• Wang Can, Chinese politician and poet (b. 177)
• Xu Gan, Chinese philosopher and poet (b. 171)

218

• June 8 – Macrinus, Roman emperor (b. 165)
• Diadumenian, son of Macrinus (b. 208)
• Cao Zizheng, Chinese marquis and warlord
• Gu Shao, Chinese official and politician
• Ji Ben (or Ji Ping), Chinese physician
• Theoclia
  , Syrian Roman noblewoman
• Yue Jin (or Wenqian), Chinese general

219

• Jiang Qin (or Gongyi), Chinese general serving under Sun Quan
• Lu Ji (or Gongji), Chinese scholar, official and politician (b. 188)
• Marcus Munatius Sulla Cerialis, Roman governor and politician
• Pang De (or Lingming), Chinese general serving under Cao Cao
• Sima Fang (or Jianong), Chinese official and politician (b. 149)^[19]
• Sun Jiao (or Shulang), Chinese general serving under Sun Quan
• Xiahou Yuan (or Miaocai), Chinese general serving under Cao Cao
• Yang Xiu (or Dezi), Chinese official, adviser and chancellor (b. 175)
• Zhang Zhongjing, Chinese physician and pharmacologist (b. 150)

References