Ancyronyx
Spider water beetles | |
---|---|
Ancyronyx schillhammeri adult | |
Ancyronyx patrolus larva | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Coleoptera |
Family: | Elmidae |
Subfamily: | Elminae |
Tribe: | Ancyronychini Ganglbauer, 1904 |
Genus: | Ancyronyx Erichson, 1847 |
Type species | |
Macronychus variegatus Germar, 1824
| |
Species | |
See text |
Ancyronyx, commonly known as spider water beetles or spider riffle beetles, is a
Taxonomy
The genus Ancyronyx was established in 1847 by the German
Description
Members of Ancyronyx superficially resemble
Spider water beetles can be divided into two
- The
- The Ancyronyx patrolus species group have small and slender bodies, with comparatively shorter legs, long and slender coxites on the ovipositor, and a squarish prosternal process. Their larvae are smaller, with a more vaulted cross-section, and backwards pointing projections from the sides of the abdomen.[3][5][8]
Ancyronyx is closely related to the genus Podelmis, but can be distinguished from the latter by the more or less straight and slender last segment of the ovipositor (versus the conical sideways-bent terminal segment of the ovipositor of Podelmis), and the absence of an anterior process on the prosternum.[3]
Ecology
Like almost all riffle beetles, spider water beetles are aquatic, feeding on
The larvae are exclusively aquatic. They breathe by means of
Because of their reliance on the plastron for breathing, spider water beetles are restricted to the highly
Members of the Ancyronyx variegatus species group are mostly found in slightly to moderately polluted (mesosaprobic) rivers, almost always found on submerged wood (with the exception of Ancyronyx yunju which were collected from sand and grass roots). Members of the Ancyronyx patrolus species group, meanwhile, are only found in clean permanent streams, usually among rocks.[3][5][8]
Ancyronyx malickyi have been caught using light traps, which might indicate phototaxis.[2]
Distribution
The genus was previously only known from two species from highly disjunct localities – Ancyronyx variegatus from North America (described in 1824) and
Species
There are twenty-one species currently classified under Ancyronyx.
- Ancyronyx acaroides Grouvelle, 1896 – Southeast Asia
- Ancyronyx acaroides acaroides Grouvelle, 1896 – Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia (peninsular Malaysia, Borneo), Brunei, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java)
- Ancyronyx acaroides cursor Jäch, 1994 – Indonesia (Bali)
- Ancyronyx buhid Freitag, 2013 – Philippines (Mindoro)
- Busuanga)
- Ancyronyx hjarnei Jäch, 2003 – Indonesia (Sulawesi)
- Ancyronyx jaechi Freitag, 2012 – Sri Lanka
- Ancyronyx johanni Jäch, 1994 – Indonesia (Siberut)
- Ancyronyx malickyi Jäch, 1994 – Laos, southern Thailand, Malaysia (peninsular Malaysia, Borneo), Indonesia (Sumatra)
- Ancyronyx minerva Freitag & Jäch, 2007 – Philippines (Palawan, Busuanga, Mindoro)
- Ancyronyx minutulus Freitag & Jäch, 2007 – Philippines (Palawan)
- Ancyronyx montanus Freitag & Balke, 2011 – Philippines (Palawan)
- Ancyronyx patrolus Freitag & Jäch, 2007 – Philippines (Palawan, Busuanga)
- Ancyronyx procerus Jäch, 1994 – Vietnam, Malaysia (Borneo), Brunei, Philippines (Busuanga)
- Ancyronyx pseudopatrolus Freitag & Jäch, 2007 – Philippines (Palawan)
- Ancyronyx punkti Freitag & Jäch, 2007 – Philippines (Palawan)
- Ancyronyx raffaelacatharina Jäch, 2004 – Indonesia (Sulawesi)
- Ancyronyx sarawacensis Jäch, 1994 – Malaysia (Borneo)
- Ancyronyx schillhammeri Jäch, 1994 – Philippines (Mindoro)
- Sibuyan)
- Ancyronyx tamaraw Freitag, 2013 – Philippines (Mindoro)
- Ancyronyx variegatus (Germar, 1824) – United States of America
- Ancyronyx yunju Bian, Guo, & Ji, 2012 – China (Jiangxi)
References
- ^ Harley P. Brown (1983). A Catalog of the Coleoptera of America North of Mexico, Family: Elmidae (PDF). Agriculture Handbook Number 529-50. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. p. 3.
- ^ .
- ^ PMID 23950689.
- ^ PMID 22140348.
- ^ .
- ISBN 978-1-4200-4123-1.
- ^ a b Pensoft Publishers (October 18, 2011). "Unknown Species And Larval Stages of Extremely Long-legged Beetles Discovered by DNA Test". ScienceNewsline. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2013.
- ^
- JSTOR 1942455. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2013-09-15.
- ^ a b "Elmidae". Identification and Ecology of Australian Freshwater Invertebrates, Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
- ^ a b Pensoft Publishers (August 6, 2013). "'Beetle in Spider's Clothing' – Quaint New Species from Philippine Rainforest Creeks". ScienceNewsline. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved August 21, 2013.
- ^ a b "Unknown species and larval stages of extremely long-legged beetles discovered by DNA test". Science Codex. October 18, 2011. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
- ^ K.D. Suarez (August 7, 2013). "New beetle species discovered in Mindoro". Rappler. Retrieved August 21, 2013.
- .
- ^ Gilliann S. Ebreo (November 27, 2012). "Ateneo prof discovers new beetle species". The GUIDON, Ateneo de Manila University. Archived from the original on September 6, 2013. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
- ^ a b Manfred A. Jäch; Ján Kodada (2010). "Family Elmidae". In Joel Hallan (ed.). Synopsis of the described Coleoptera of the World.
- ^ Manfred A. Jäch (April 2004). "Descriptions of two new species of Ancyronyx Erichson (Insecta: Coleoptera: Elmidae)" (PDF). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. 105: 389–395.