Anglosphere
The Anglosphere is the Anglo-American
The five core countries of the Anglosphere are usually taken to be Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. These countries enjoy close cultural and diplomatic links with one another and are aligned under military and security programmes (Five Eyes).
Definitions and variable geometry
The Anglosphere is the Anglo-American sphere of influence.
Core Anglosphere
The definition is usually taken to include Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States
The five core countries in the Anglosphere are developed countries that maintain close cultural and diplomatic links with one another. They are aligned under such military and security programmes as:[10][3][11][12]
- ABCANZ Armies
- Air and Space Interoperability Council(air forces)
- AUSCANNZUKUS (navies)
- Border Five
- Combined Communications Electronics Board(communications electronics)
- Five Eyes (intelligence)
- Five Nations Passport Group
- Migration 5
- The Technical Cooperation Program (technology and science)
- The UKUSA Agreement (signals intelligence).
Relations have traditionally been warm between Anglosphere countries, with bilateral partnerships such as those between
In terms of political systems, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom have
Below is a table comparing the five core countries of the Anglosphere (data for 2022/2023):
Country | Population | Land area (km2)[16] |
GDP Nominal (USD bn)[17] |
GDP PPP (USD bn)[17] |
GDP PPP per capita (USD)[18] |
National wealth PPP (USD bn)[19][18][20] | Military spending PPP (USD bn)[21] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | 26,009,249[22] | 7,692,020 | 1,707 | 1,718 | 65,366 | 7,661 | 22.0 |
Canada | 38,708,793[23] | 9,984,670 | 2,089 | 2,385 | 60,177 | 9,971 | 23.3 |
New Zealand | 5,130,623[24] | 262,443 | 251 | 278 | 54,046 | 1,229 | 3.1 |
United Kingdom | 67,081,234[25] | 241,930 | 3,158 | 3,846 | 56,471 | 16,208 | 70.2 |
United States | 332,718,707[26] | 9,833,520 | 26,854 | 26,854 | 80,035 | 114,932 | 734.3 |
Core Anglosphere | 469,648,606 | 27,329,350 | 34,059 | 28,115 | 65,700 | 150,001 | 852.9 |
... as % of World | 5.9% | 18.4% | 32.3% | 20% | 3.3× | 24.9% | 32.9% |
Culture and economics
Due to their historic links, the Anglosphere countries share many cultural traits that still persist today. Most countries in the Anglosphere follow the
Proponents and critics
Proponents of the Anglosphere concept typically come from the
Proponents
As early as 1897,
The American businessman James C. Bennett,[32] a proponent of the idea that there is something special about the cultural and legal (common law) traditions of English-speaking nations, writes in his 2004 book The Anglosphere Challenge:
The Anglosphere, as a network civilization without a corresponding political form, has necessarily imprecise boundaries. Geographically, the densest nodes of the Anglosphere are found in the United States and the United Kingdom. English-speaking Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland and English-speaking South Africa (who constitute a very small minority in that country) are also significant populations. The English-speaking Caribbean, English-speaking Oceania and the English-speaking educated populations in Africa and India constitute other important nodes.[10]
Bennett argues that there are two challenges confronting his concept of the Anglosphere. The first is finding ways to cope with rapid technological advancement and the second is the geopolitical challenges created by what he assumes will be an increasing gap between anglophone prosperity and economic struggles elsewhere.[33]
British historian
According to a 2003 profile in The Guardian, historian Robert Conquest favoured a British withdrawal from the European Union in favour of creating "a much looser association of English-speaking nations, known as the 'Anglosphere'".[35][36]
CANZUK
Favourability ratings tend to be overwhelmingly positive between countries within a subset of the core Anglosphere known as CANZUK (consisting of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom),[according to whom?] whose members form part of the Commonwealth of Nations and retain Charles III as head of state. In the wake of the United Kingdom's decision to leave the European Union (Brexit) as a result of a referendum held in 2016, there has been mounting political and popular support for a loose free travel and common market area to be formed among the CANZUK countries.[37][38][39]
Criticisms
In 2000,
In 2016,
In 2018, amidst the aftermath of the
The tragedy of the different national orientations that have emerged in British politics after empire—whether pro-European, Anglo-American, Anglospheric or some combination of these—is that none of them has yet been the compelling, coherent and popular answer to the country's most important question: How should Britain find its way in the wider, modern world?
They stated in another article:[47]
Meanwhile, the other core English-speaking countries to which the Anglosphere refers, show no serious inclination to join the UK in forging new political and economic alliances. They will, most likely, continue to work within existing regional and international institutions and remain indifferent to – or simply perplexed by – calls for some kind of formalised Anglosphere alliance.
Opinion polls
A 2020 poll by YouGov revealed that Australia was the most positively viewed country by Americans outside of the United States, followed by Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Italy and New Zealand.[48] Another 2020 poll by YouGov showed that New Zealand, Canada and Australia were the most positively viewed countries by British people, and more favourably viewed by British people than the United Kingdom itself, with the United States ranking 34th.[49]
A 2023 poll by the Lowy Institute similarly indicated that New Zealand was the country most positively viewed by Australians, with Canada ranking second, the UK third and the United States twelfth.[50] A 2020 poll by the Macdonald–Laurier Institute suggested that Australia was the most positively viewed country by Canadians.[51] In a 2019 Pew Research Center poll, a plurality of Canadians and Australians named the United States as their country's closest ally.[52]
See also
- Anglophile
- Anglo-Americans
- AUKUS
- British diaspora
- Canadian Red Ensign
- Commonwealth realm
- Dominion
- English-speaking world
- Lusosphere(Portuguese)
- Five Power Defence Arrangements
- History of the English-Speaking Peoples(Winston Churchill)
- JUSCANZ
- List of countries and territories where English is an official language
- List of countries by English-speaking population
- White Anglo-Saxon Protestant(WASP)
Notes
- ^ "The Anglosphere – shorthand for the Anglo-American sphere of influence – established the concept and structure of the modern transnational community.... The Anglosphere (in the narrow sense of the former British Empire, including Canada, Australia and New Zealand, and the US) has been the architect and a staunch proponent of international norms."[2]
- ISBN 978-0-19-920687-2).
References
Citations
- ISBN 9780415476836: https://www.academia.edu/341929/Beyond_the_West_and_Towards_the_Anglosphere Archived 3 January 2023 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Davies et al. 2013.
- ^ a b c Lloyd 2000.
- ^ Bennett, 2004b, pp. 3, 67.
- ^ Bennett 2007, pp. 42–43.
- ^ Merriam-Webster Staff (2010). "Anglosphere". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2010.
- ^ "The Anglosphere and its Others: The 'English-speaking Peoples' in a Changing World Order – British Academy". British Academy. Archived from the original on 22 April 2017. Retrieved 26 January 2018.
- ^ "The Anglosphere: Past, present and future". The British Academy.
- ^ Kuper, Simon (21 November 2014). "Which way is Ireland going?". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.
- ^ a b Bennett, 2004b, p. 80.
- ^ Legrand 2015.
- ^ Legrand 2016.
- ^ "The Trans-Tasman Relationship: A New Zealand Perspective" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
- ^ "U.S. and Canada: The World's Most Successful Bilateral Relationship". RealClearWorld. 9 March 2016. Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
- S2CID 145271477.
- ^ "FAOSTAT". www.fao.org. Archived from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
- ^ a b "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
- ^ a b "World Economic Outlook Database: October 2021". IMF. Archived from the original on 12 October 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
- ^ "Credit Suisse Global Wealth Databook 2021" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
- ^ Credit Suisse figures adjusted using IMF WEO Oct 2021 GDP-PPP exchange rates.
- from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
- ^ "Population clock". www.abs.gov.au. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 December 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (11 July 2018). "Canada's population clock (real-time model)". www150.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "Population clock". archive.stats.govt.nz. Archived from the original on 21 February 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "Population estimates for the UK, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland: mid-2020". www.ons.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
- ^ "Population Clock". www.census.gov. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
- ^ "The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-16-082095-3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2019.)
{{cite book}}
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- ^ "Global Cities Index 2019". A.T. Kearney. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
- ISBN 9780262537797, page 139.
- ^ Reynolds, Glenn (28 October 2004). "Explaining the 'Anglosphere'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
- ^ Bennett, 2004b[page needed]
- ^ Roberts 2006[page needed]
- ^ Brown 2003.
- ^ "The power of the Anglosphere in Eurosceptical thought". 10 December 2015. Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
- ^ "CANZUK, Conservatives and Canada: Marching backward to empire – iPolitics". 24 February 2017. Archived from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
- ^ "UK public strongly backs freedom to live and work in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
- ^ "Survey Reveals Support For CANZUK Free Movement". CANZUK International. Archived from the original on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
- ^ Conquest & Reply by Ignatieff 2000.
- ^ Cohen, Nick (12 April 2016). "It's a Eurosceptic fantasy that the 'Anglosphere' wants Brexit - Coffee House". Archived from the original on 28 February 2019. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
- ^ "The Guardian view on the EU debate: it's about much more than migration | Editorial". The Guardian. 1 June 2016. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020 – via www.theguardian.com.
- ^ Cohen, Nick (14 July 2018). "Brexit Britain is out of options. Our humiliation is painful to watch - Nick Cohen". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 December 2018. Retrieved 27 January 2019.
- ^ Vucetic, Srdjan (24 February 2017). "CANZUK, Conservatives and Canada: Marching backward to empire - iPolitics". Archived from the original on 26 February 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
- ^ Vucetic, Srdjan (26 April 2016). "Canada and the Anglo World – where do we stand?". OpenCanada. Archived from the original on 4 September 2018. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
- ^ Kenny, Michael; Pearce, Nick (13 July 2018). "Opinion – Britain, Time to Let Go of the 'Anglosphere'". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 31 July 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- ^ Kenny, Michael; Pearce, Nick (11 May 2018). "In the shadows of empire: how the Anglosphere dream lives on – UK in a changing Europe". Archived from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
- ^ "What countries do Americans like most? | YouGov". today.yougov.com. Archived from the original on 15 May 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
- ^ "New Zealand is Britons' favourite country | YouGov". yougov.co.uk. Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
- ^ "Poll". Lowy Institute. 2023.
- ^ "Canada's Role in the World – Part One: A Macdonald-Laurier Institute poll (November 2020)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
- Pew Research. Archivedfrom the original on 13 June 2021. Retrieved 16 June 2021.
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- Brown, Andrew (15 February 2003). "Scourge and poet". The Guardian.
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- Davies, Andrew; Dobell, Graeme; Jennings, Peter; Norgrove, Sarah; Smith, Andrew; Stuart, Nic; White, Hugh (2013). "Keep calm and carry on: Reflections on the Anglosphere". Australian Strategic Policy Institute.
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(help) - Hannan, Daniel (2 March 2014). "The Anglosphere is alive and well, but I wonder whether it needs a better name". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
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