Architecture of Belgrade
Architecture of Belgrade is the architecture and styles developed in Belgrade, Serbia. Belgrade has wildly varying
Western influence began in the 19th century, when the city completely transformed from an oriental town to the contemporary architecture of the time, with influences from
During the socialist period, much housing was built quickly and cheaply to house the huge influx of people from the countryside following World War II, sometimes resulting in the
Medieval and Ottoman period
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/The_ruined_gateway_of_Prince_Eugene%2C_Belgrade.jpg/220px-The_ruined_gateway_of_Prince_Eugene%2C_Belgrade.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Kalemegdan_03.jpg/220px-Kalemegdan_03.jpg)
Little remains in Belgrade of its early period. The Nebojša Tower, from ca. 1460, is a lonely testimony of the pre-Ottoman medieval defenses of the town.
Ottoman architecture in Serbia
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Mehmed Paša Sokolović's Fountain, Belgrade, 1576/77
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Skull Tower, Belgrade, 1809
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Old Turkish bath in Lower Town, 1860–1867, today Belgrade Planetarium
Modernity
During the 17th century many of the Serbian Orthodox Churches that were built in Belgrade took all the characteristics of Baroque churches built in the Austrian administered regions where Serbs lived. The churches usually had a bell tower, and a single nave building with the iconostasis inside the church covered with Renaissance-style paintings. These churches can mostly be found in Zemun.
The 19th century was a time of development of
In the 19th century the city completely transformed from an oriental town to the contemporary architecture of the time, with influences from
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Dositej’s Lyceum, a typical building of 18th-century Belgrade
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Princess Ljubica's Residence by Hadži-Neimar, 1830
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Residence of Prince Miloš by Hadži-Neimar, 1831-1833
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St. Michael's Cathedral (Saborna Crkva) by Adam Friedrich Kwerfeld, 1837-1840
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, 1855
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Captain Miša's Mansion by Jan Nevole, 1863
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National Theatre by Aleksandar Bugarski, 1869
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Old Palace by Aleksandar Bugarski, 1884
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Officers' Club, 1895
Byzantine Revival architecture
Serbia's modern sacral architecture got its main impetus from the dynastic burial church in
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St. Mark's Church, 1835 (renewed 1940)
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Crypt of Oplenac mausoleum, 1910
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Old telephone exchange by Branko Tanazevic
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Royal Palace at Dedinje, 1924–1929
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Patriarchate by Viktor Lukomski, 1932–1935
Art Nouveau and Secession style
The Art Nouveau and Vienna Secession style flourished in the north of the country at the turn of the 20th century, when the Vojvodina region was still part of the Hungarian kingdom under the Habsburgs. Subotica and Zrenjanin host particularly remarkable buildings from the period. Novi Sad and Belgrade were not immune from the architectural novelty either.
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Hotel Moskva by Jovan Ilkić, 1908
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Vučo’s House on the Sava River, 1908
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Uros Predic's Studio, 1908
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Mika Alas's House, 1910
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Secession style Hotel Bristol by Nikola Nestorović, 1912
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Belgrade Cooperative, 1882
Interwar and Socialist Yugoslavia
Yugoslav architecture emerged in the first decades of the 20th century before the establishment of the state; during this period a number of South Slavic creatives, enthused by the possibility of statehood, organized a series of art exhibitions in Serbia in the name of a shared Slavic identity. Following governmental centralization after the 1918 creation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, this initial bottom-up enthusiasm began to fade. Yugoslav architecture became more and more dictated by an increasingly concentrated national authority which sought to establish a unified state identity.[7]
Beginning the 1920s, Yugoslav architects began to advocate for
The architecture of Yugoslavia was characterized by emerging, unique, and often differing national and regional narratives.[10] As a socialist state remaining free from the Iron Curtain, Yugoslavia adopted a hybrid identity that combined the architectural, cultural, and political leanings of both Western liberal democracy and Soviet communism.[11][12][13]
During the socialist period in Belgrade much housing was built quickly and cheaply to house the huge influx of people from the countryside following World War II, resulting in the
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Studentski Dom by Vojin Petrovic, 1933, today Archives of Yugoslavia
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Palace Albanija, 1939
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Old Post Office by Momir Korunović,, 1929
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Agrarian Bank Building by Petar and Branko Krstić, 1932-1934
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Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts building, 1922
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Ministries of Forestry and Agriculture, façade by Nikolay Krasnov (architect), 1923
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Belgrade Synagogue, 1925
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Russian House, by Vasily Baumgarten, 1931-1933
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Beli dvor, 1934
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Karadorde(1935-present)
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The Parliament of Serbia, and the headquarters of the Serbian Post, erected in 1938
Socialist realism (1945-1948)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Nikola_Pa%C5%A1i%C4%87_%28Marks_i_Engels%29_t%C3%A9r%2C_szemben_a_Jugoszl%C3%A1v_Szakszervezeti_Sz%C3%A9kh%C3%A1z_%28Dom_sindikata_Jugoslavije%29._Fortepan_31525.jpg/220px-Nikola_Pa%C5%A1i%C4%87_%28Marks_i_Engels%29_t%C3%A9r%2C_szemben_a_Jugoszl%C3%A1v_Szakszervezeti_Sz%C3%A9kh%C3%A1z_%28Dom_sindikata_Jugoslavije%29._Fortepan_31525.jpg)
Immediately following the
Socialist modernism
During this period, the Yugoslav break from Soviet socialist realism combined with efforts to commemorate World War II, which together led to the creation of an immense quantity of abstract sculptural war memorials, known today as spomenik[17]
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Belgrade Fair – Hall 1, Europe's largest dome and the world's largest dome between 1957 and 1965
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Hotel Metropol by Dragiša Brašovan, 1957
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Stadion Tašmajdan, 1958
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Avala Tower, 1961
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Ušće Towers, 1964
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Ranko Žeravica Sports Hall (Hala), 1968
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Hotel Jugoslavija by Lavoslav Horvat, 1969
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Beograđanka tower, 1974
Brutalism
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Jugotours_Beograd_Dec_2003.jpg/220px-Jugotours_Beograd_Dec_2003.jpg)
In the late 1950s and early 1960s Brutalism began to garner a following within Yugoslavia, particularly among younger architects, a trend possibly influenced by the 1959 disbandment of the Congrès Internationaux d'Architecture Moderne.[18]
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The brutalist blokovi ofNovi Beograd
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Telephone central office,Novi Beograd
Decentralization
With 1950s decentralization and liberalization policies in SFR Yugoslavia, architecture became increasingly fractured along ethnic lines. Architects increasingly focused on building with reference to the architectural heritage of their individual socialist republics in the form of critical regionalism.[19] Growing distinction of individual ethnic architectural identities within Yugoslavia was exacerbated with the 1972 decentralization of the formerly centralized historical preservation authority, providing individual regions further opportunity to critically analyze their own cultural narratives.[7]
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Crowne Plaza Belgrade by Stojan Maksimović, 1979
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Hyatt Regency Belgrade, 1990
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Museum of Aviation (Belgrade), by Ivan Štraus1989
Contemporary period
The
In 2015, an agreement was reached with Eagle Hills (a UAE company) on the Belgrade Waterfront (Beograd na vodi) deal, for the construction of a new part of the city on currently undeveloped wasteland by the riverside. This project, officially started in 2015 and is one of the largest urban development projects in Europe, will cost at least 3.5 billion euros.[20][21] According to Srdjan Garcevic, "Vaguely contemporary but somehow cheap-looking, it is planted illegally in the middle of the city on unstable soil – serving the interests of the anonymous lucky few."[22]
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Sava City (Savograd), by Mario Jobst and Miodrag Trpković (2004-2010)
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Belville, Belgrade (Block 67)
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Ada Bridge (2008-2011)
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Intelligent Building B2
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Beograd na vodi
See also
- Architectural projects under construction in Belgrade
- Architecture of Serbia
- Gates of Belgrade
- List of notable buildings in Belgrade
- List of notable streets and squares in Belgrade
- Religious architecture in Belgrade
References
- ^ Nicholas Comrie, Lucy Moore (2007-10-01). "Zemun: The Town Within the City". B92 Travel. Retrieved 2007-05-17.
- ^ MITwebsite. Retrieved 2007-05-19.
- ^ Prof. Dr. Mihajlo Mitrovic (2003-06-27). "Seventh Belgrade triennial of world architecture". ULUS. Archived from the original on 2010-01-17. Retrieved 2007-05-19.
- ISBN 978-86-7025-694-1, S. 87.
- ISBN 978-86-7025-694-1, S. 62.
- ^ Aleksandar Kadijevic 2016: Between Artistic Nostalgia and Civilisational Utopia: Byzantine Reminiscences in Serbian Architecture of the 20th Century. Lidija Merenik, Vladimir Simic, Igor Borozan (Hrsg.) 2016: IMAGINING THE PAST THE RECEPTION OF THE MIDDLE AGES IN SERBIAN ART FROM THE 18TH TO THE 21ST CENTURY. Ljubomir Maksimovic & Jelena Trivan (Hrsg.) 2016: BYZANTINE HERITAGE AND SERBIAN ART I–III. The Serbian National Committee of Byzantine Studies, P.E. Službeni glasnik, Institute for Byzantine Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Hier S. 177 (Academia:PDF)
- ^ ISBN 9781351915793.
- ^ Ðordevic, Zorana (2016). "Identity of 20th Century Architecture in Yugoslavia: The Contribution of Milan Zlokovic". КУЛТУРА/Culture. 6.
- ^ a b Babic, Maja (2013). "Modernism and Politics in the Architecture of Socialist Yugoslavia, 1945-1965" (PDF). University of Washington.
- ^ "Toward a Concrete Utopia: Architecture in Yugoslavia, 1948–1980". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 2019-01-31.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-01-31.
- ^ Glancey, Jonathan (2018-07-17). "Yugoslavia's forgotten brutalist architecture". CNN Style. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
- ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2019-01-31.
- ^ OCLC 814446048.
- .
- S2CID 143501826.
- ^ Kulic, Vladmir. "Edvard Ravnikar's Liquid Modernism: Architectural Identity in a Network of Shifting References" (PDF). New Constellations New Ecologies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-02-01. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
- ^ di Radmila Simonovic, Ricerca (2014). "New Belgrade, Between Utopia and Pragmatism" (PDF). Sapienza Università di Roma. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-12-23. Retrieved 2020-01-26.
- ^ Entertainment, The only biannual Magazine for Architectural. "YUGOTOPIA: The Glory Days of Yugoslav Architecture On Display". pinupmagazine.org. Retrieved 2019-02-05.
- ^ "Project Phases". Archived from the original on 28 August 2015. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
- ^ "Siniša Mali: "Beograd na vodi" najveći projekat u Evropi".
- ^ Balkan Insight, Serbia’s History is Carved in Stone in Belgrade