Belgrade New Cemetery
New Cemetery | |
---|---|
Details | |
Established | 16 August 1886[1] |
Location | |
Country | Serbia |
Coordinates | 44°48′34″N 20°29′14″E / 44.80944°N 20.48722°E |
Type | Christian |
Owned by | City of Belgrade |
Size | 30 ha (74 acres)[1] |
Website | Guide through the New Cemetery |
Find a Grave | New Cemetery |
The New Cemetery (Serbian: Ново гробље, Novo groblje) is a cemetery complex in Belgrade, Serbia, with a distinct history.[2] It is located in Ruzveltova street in Zvezdara municipality. The cemetery was built in 1886 as the third Christian cemetery in Belgrade and as the first architecturally and urbanistically planned cemetery in Serbia.[3]
In addition to graves of ordinary citizens, the cemetery complex also includes special sections: military graves from
Location
The cemetery is located along the Ruzveltova (official seat, at No. 50) and Mije Kovačevića streets, which divide it in two sections, left or western, which is in the municipality of
History
The first burials on the cemeteries that still exist today in the Belgrade's territory, were held in Zemun, at the end of the 18th century. However, the New Cemetery was the first which has been planned and projected specifically for this purpose, with all the infrastructure needed, so it is today considered to be the oldest of Belgrade's cemeteries. In 1886–2017 period, 340,000 people were buried.[1][6]
As the city expanded, Belgrade's old cemetery at
First memorial monument was built in 1907, when remains of the Serbian soldiers who died in wars against the Turks and Bulgarians in the 19th century were reinterred from the Tašmajdan. During the bombardment of Belgrade in the
After 1945
Cemetery of Belgrade Liberators, for the soldiers who died in 1944, extension across the Ruzveltova street to the west, was built in 1954. In 1959, a memorial cemetery for all the fallen fighters of the
By the 1983 decision of the
The Main (Eastern) portion
The main part of the complex, on the right side of the Ruzveltova street, consists of a small Ashkenazi Jewish cemetery and much larger Christian cemetery. The Christian cemetery contains graves of ordinary citizens, several military graveyards, and four memorial sections containing the graves of important persons: the Arcades, the Alley of the Greats, the Alley of Distinguished Citizens, and the Alley of People's Heroes.[1]
Among the headstones, there are 1,597 which are works of art by 130 Serbian sculptors, thus the cemetery is considered as the "museum in the open". Artists who contributed to this "museum" with their works include Ivan Meštrović, Đorđe Jovanović, Toma Rosandić, Sreten Stojanović, Petar Palavičini , Nebojša Mitrić, Risto Stijović, Živojin Lukić, Simeon Roksandić, Roman Verkhovskoy , Olga Jevrić, Giovanni Bertotto, Oto Logo, Petar Ubavkić, Lojze Dolinar, Stevan Bodnarov, Oscar Barbella and Nikola Janković .[1][6]
Some of the specific, important works include:[3]
- A statue of the girl in the crinoline dress on the parcel of merchant and benefactor Joca Jovanović Šapčanin; work of Italian sculptor Achille Canessa.
- The Muses of literature and painting on the family tomb of Matija Ban, his daughter Poleksija Todorović and her husband Stevan Todorović.
- The oldest reliefs in the cemetery are done by Đorđe Jovanović for the tomb of Andra Nikolić. Some of the reliefs represent Nikolić's four younger children, who all died of diphtheria. A broken column was sculptured on the tomb itself, marking the death of Dušan, Nikolić's older son who survived through infancy but was killed in World War I, on the Suvobor mountain during the Battle of Kolubara in 1914.
Church of Saint Nicholas
The newly developed cemetery had no chapel or church, so by the endowment of Draginja and
For a long time, the church also served for the parochial services, until the Church of Saint Lazar was built in the neighborhood of Bulbulder. In that period weddings and baptisms were also performed in the church, while the public fairs were held in front of it.
Military graveyards
The oldest memorial at Novo groblje complex is the Serbian soldiers' ossuary built in 1907 which contains remains of the soldiers of Serbian-Ottoman Wars (1876–1878) and Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885) that were transferred from Tašmajdan cemetery.[10]
Important part of the complex are the military graveyards with the remains of soldiers from the
The Alley of the People's Heroes is located around the Serbian ossuary. It contains graves of 312 persons, 118 of whom were the People's Heroes of Yugoslavia.
There is also a British (Commonwealth) graveyard from World War II.[1][14][15] The Commonwealth War Graves Commission maintain the Commonwealth graves.
The complex also includes graveyards of the victims of 1941 and 1944 Bombings of Belgrade, and the Alley of Executed Patriots 1941–1944.
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Monument at the Military graveyard of theSerbian-Ottoman Wars (1876–1878)
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Memorial Ossuary to the Defenders of Belgrade 1914–1918 with the Alley of the People's Heroes around it.
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Italian WWI military graveyard
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French WWI military graveyard
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Austro-Hungarian WWI military graveyard
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Russian Ossuary
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British WWII military graveyard
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The Alley of Executed Patriots 1941–1944
Arcades
Though this section is next to the wall, it was originally envisioned as a series of arches ("arcades"). Eventually, arcades remained only as ornamental and architectural part of the outer wall of the cemetery. The section was built in 1926–1927, concurrently with the Alley of the Greats. It contains tombs of important public figures and wealthier citizens, as the lots in this section were not given to the commoners. Here are the graves of
Alley of the Greats
Alley of the Greats (Serbian: Алеја великана / Aleja velikana) was created in the 19th century with a transfer of the remain of several important persons from the Tašmajdan Cemetery to the New Cemetery. As an architectural unit, it was formed in 1926–1927 as the first lot specifically designed for the nationally important people. It contains 25 tombs and 3 chapels with 113 buried people by 2017.[1] Some of the people buried at the Alley of the Greats are:
- Kornelije Stanković (1831–1865), composer[16]
- Ilija Milosavljević Kolarac (1789–1878), donator[17]
- Stevan Vladislav Kaćanski (1829–90), poet[3]
- Milan Kujundžić Aberdar (1842–93), philosopher and politician[3]
- Mihailo Obrenović[3]
- Dimitrije Tucović (1881–914), socialist leader[1]
- Petar Kočić (1877–1916), writer[18]
- Radomir Putnik (1847–1917), fieldmarshal[1]
- Živojin Mišić (1855–1921), fieldmarshal[1]
- Kosta Hristić (1852–1927), diplomat and writer[19]
- Jovan Cvijić (1865–1927), geographer[20]
- Miloš Vasić (1859–1935), general and weapons constructor[1]
- Branislav Nušić (1864–1938), comedy playwright[1]
- Slobodan Jovanović (1869–1958), philosopher and politician[21]
- Stevan Hristić (1885–1958), composer[22]
- female soldier[3]
Kolarac, Kaćanski and Aberdar were reinterred from the old Tašmajdan cemetery. Jovanović was exhumed from his London grave and reinterred in 2011. Savić was reinterred from her family tomb on the cemetery in 2013, while the remains of Tucović were moved from the Slavija Square in December 2016, during the square's reconstruction.[3] The three chapels belong to Teodorović, the family of Stevan Hristić and the Spužić family .[3]
Alley of Distinguished Citizens
The Alley of Distinguished Citizens (Serbian: Алеја заслужних грађана / Aleja zaslužnih građana) was created in 1965,[10] and it has since been used for the burials of distinguished and important citizens. Prior to the burial, a special procedure must be completed and approval from the City Assembly of Belgrade and Mayor of Belgrade must be granted. It contains single and group tombs of important writers, artists, actors, singers, generals, people's heroes and other important persons. It occupies the central part of the cemetery.[1]
Though the first deceased were transferred to the Alley from other cemeteries starting in 1965, the first person buried directly in the Alley was Branko Jevremović, judge of the Constitutional Court of Yugoslavia, on 28 April 1969. On average, 16 persons per year were buried, but the authorities lifted this number in the late 2010s (23 in 2019, 25 in 2020), including more people from the entertainment industry and those close to the ruling establishment, which caused some protests. By 2021, 800 people were buried in total, leaving only 30 empty lots. In March 2021, expansion of the alley with further 95 tombs and 104 urn slots was announced, but also the construction of another alley at the New Bežanija Cemetery, under the name of Alley of the Distinguished Belgraders.[23][24]
Some of the people buried at the Alley of Distinguished Citizens are:[25]
- Paja Jovanović (1859–1957), painter. The urn with his ashes was transferred here after his wife's death.[26]
- Slobodan Jovanović (1869–1958), historian, lawyer, literary critic and politician[10]
- Milo Milunović (1897–1967), painter[10]
- Radivoj Korać (1938–1969), basketball player[27]
- Bojan Stupica (1910–1970), theater and film director[28]
- Petar Lubarda (1907–1974), painter[10][29]
- Ivo Andrić (1892–1975), writer and Nobel Prize winner[30]
- Miloš Crnjanski (1893–1977), poet, author, and a diplomat[31]
- Ivan Tabaković (1898–1977), painter[10]
- Ljubinka Bobić (1897–1978), actress[32]
- Stojan Aralica (1883–1980), painter[33]
- Meša Selimović (1910–1982), writer[10]
- Dušan Radović (1922–1984), journalist and writer[34]
- Branko Ćopić (1915–1984), writer[10]
- Zoran Radmilović (1933–1985), actor[35]
- Matija Vuković (1925–1985), sculptor[33]
- Kosta Nađ (1911–1986), Yugoslav Partisan Army general[10]
- Danilo Kiš (1935–1989), writer[36]
- Oskar Davičo (1909–1989), writer[10]
- Stjepan Bobek (1923–2010), footballer
- Rrahman Morina (1943–1990), communist politician[33]
- Miodrag Bulatović (1930–1991), writer[10]
- Vasko Popa (1922–1991), poet[10]
- Borislav Pekić (1930–1992), writer[10]
- Jovan Rašković (1929–1992), psychiatrist and politician
- Koča Popović (1908–1992), Partisan Army general, Chiefs of the General Staff of the Yugoslav People's Army, Foreign Minister, Vice President of Yugoslavia[10]
- Miloš Žutić (1939–1993), actor[33]
- Rahela Ferari (1911–1994), actress[10]
- Mija Aleksić, (1923–1995), actor[37]
- Milić od Mačve (1934–2000), painter[10]
- Radmila Savićević (1926–2001), actress[10]
- Zoran Đinđić (1952–2003), Prime Minister of Serbia[38]
- Bata Paskaljević (1923–2004), actor[10]
- Stevo Žigon (1926–2005), actor and director[10]
- Ljuba Tadić (1929–2005), actor[39]
- Žika Mitrović (1921–2005), movie director and screenwriter[10]
- Nikola Ljubičić (1916–2005), General of the Army, Minister of Defence of Yugoslavia, President of Serbia[10]
- Dragan Lukić (1928–2006), poet[10]
- Nenad Bogdanović (1954–2007), Mayor of Belgrade[40]
- Mira Alečković (1924–2008), poet[10]
- Olja Ivanjicki (1931–2009), painter and sculptor[10]
- Mladen Srbinović (1925–2009), painter[10]
- Milorad Pavić (1929–2009), writer and literary historian[10]
- Oskar Danon (1913–2009), composer and conductor[10]
- Rade Marković (1921–2010), actor[10]
- Momo Kapor (1937–2010), writer and painter[10]
- Voki Kostić (1931–2010), composer[10]
- Petar Kralj (1941–2011), actor[10]
- Branislav Crnčević (1933–2011), writer and politician[10]
- Olivera Marković (1925–2011), actress[10]
- Milorad Bata Mihailović (1923–2011), painter[10]
- Svetozar Gligorić (1923–2012), chess player[41]
- Jelena Genčić (1936–2013), tennis and handball player and coach[33]
- Ružica Sokić (1934–2013), actress[33]
- Dragan Nikolić (1943–2016), actor[3]
- Nebojša Glogovac (1969–2018), actor[43]
- Milena Dravić (1940–2018), actress[3]
- Šaban Šaulić (1951–2019), singer
- Isidora Bjelica (1966–2020), writer[44]
- Džej Ramadanovski (1964–2020), singer[45]
- Vlasta Velisavljević (1926–2021), actor[46]
- Sanja Ilić (1951–2021), musician and composer[47]
- Đorđe Marjanović (1931–2021), singer[48]
- Bora Ivkov (1933–2022), chess player[49]
Family tombs
Important people from Serbian history, culture and science have been buried in their individual or family tombs. They include:
- Ilija Čarapić (1792–1844), mayor of Belgrade[3]
- Uzun-Mirko Apostolović (1782–1868), military commander[3]
- Ilija Garašanin (1812–1874), politician[3]
- Đura Jakšić (1832–1878), poet and painter[3]
- Katarina Ivanović (1811–1882), painter[3]
- Jevrem Grujić (1826–1895), politician[3]
- Jovan Ristić (1831–1899), politician[3]
- Matija Ban (1818–1903), author and diplomat[3]
- Nadežda Petrović (1873–1915), painter[3]
- Andra Nikolić (1853–1918), academic and politician[3]
- Pavle Jurišić Šturm (1848–1922), general[3]
- Stevan Todorović (1832–1925), painter[3]
- Petar Bojović (1858–1945), fieldmarshal[3]
- Stanislav Vinaver (1891–1955), author[3]
- Aleksandar Deroko (1894–1988), architect[3]
- Vladeta Jerotić (1924–2018), psychiatrist[3]
Ashkenazi Jewish cemetery
Adjacent to the main complex of the New Cemetery, there is a small Jewish
The Western portion
This part of the complex consists of a memorial military graveyard and a Sephardic Jewish cemetery, on the left side of the Ruzveltova street.
Cemetery of Belgrade Liberators
During the
Cemetery of Belgrade Liberators (Гробље ослободилаца Београда / Groblje oslobodilaca Beograda), though part of the cemetery complex, is located on the other (western) side of the street, across from the main part of the Belgrade New Cemetery.[12] It contains graves of 2,944 National Liberation Army soldiers and 961 Red Army soldiers and the mass grave of 1,381 National Liberation Army soldiers and 711 Red Army soldiers who died during the Belgrade Offensive.
The cemetery includes Liberators of Belgrade memorial with the monumental gates covered in reliefs by sculptor Rade Stanković and the "Red Army Soldier" sculpture by Antun Augustinčić.[54] Stanković also sculptured a statue of Partisan holding a gun in front of the memorial, named "Combatant on eternal watch". The complex was the first memorial complex built in Belgrade after World War II. It was designed by architect Branko Bon and horticultural engineer Aleksandar Krstić. In its own right, the Cemetery of Belgrade Liberators was declared a cultural monument in 1987.[56]
The cemetery was partially renovated in 2019, celebrating 75 years of World War II liberation. A three-colored decorative lights were placed, white, blue and red, in the colors of both Serbian and Russian flags. The colorful lights on the cemetery of the killed soldiers wasn't received well by the public.[54][57][58]
During his visit to Belgrade in February 2020,
Sephardic Jewish cemetery
Next to the Cemetery of Liberators is the
The original Sephardic cemetery was established in 1888, further down the Dalmatinska Street. In 1925 it was moved across the New Cemetery, on the lot owned by Đorđe Kurtović, a merchant from Šabac, who sold it to the Jewish community. Today it covers 12,748 m2 (137,220 sq ft) and has over 4,000 tombstones.[51] In July 2019, city decided to expand the cemetery as it became inadequate long time ago. The area of the cemetery will be enlarged more than a double, with additional 1.52 ha (3.8 acres).[50]
The cemetery is divided by the central pathway with an
The stone-made Holocaust memorial which commemorates Jewish victims from 1941 to 1945 is at the end of the path. More specifically, it is dedicated to the 1941 execution of the Austrian Jews in the
Other monuments include the one above the joint tomb of the children died from the
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External links
- Novo groblje Archived 2019-10-28 at the Wayback Machine
- Novo groblje sa Alejom velikana at [www.ANTIC.org] (in Serbian)
- Nenad Bogdanović will not sign decision about Slobodan Milošević burial in the Alley of Distinguished Citizens, 13. Mart 2006. (in Serbian)
- Ljuba Tadić buried in the Alley of Distinguished Citizens (in Serbian)
- Mayor of Belgrade Nenad Bogdanović buried in the New Cemetery, 30. September 2007. (in Serbian)
- CWGC: Belgrade new cemetery
- Novo groblje u Beogradu, RTS, 4 September 2009