Association for Defence of National Rights
Associations for Defence of National Rights (Turkish: Müdâfaa-i Hukuk Cemiyetleri) were regional resistance organisations established in the Ottoman Empire between 1918 and 1919 that pledged themselves to the Defence of National Rights movement. They would eventually unite into the Association for the Defence of Rights of Anatolia and Rumelia in the Sivas Congress.
Background
Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the
The national associations
The occupations, especially that of Izmir, caused deep reactions among the Ottoman people. Several patriotic associations were formed simultaneously in different parts of Turkey as a result.[1] The former Unionists as well as nationalistic soldiers and intellectuals, were active in these associations and were struggling to have their voices heard by peaceful methods like protesting, meetings, and publishing notices, which were not effective at changing the Allies' policy.
After the Congress of Sivas
During the
List of associations
The following are associations that took part in the grouping (with their location or main group component listed in parentheses).[3]
- Şarkî Anadolu Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti (East Anatolia)
- İzmir Müdafaa-i Hukuku Osmaniye Cemiyeti (Izmir)
- İstihlası Vatan Cemiyeti (Manisa)
- Trakya-Paşaeli Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti (East Thrace)
- Trabzon Muhafaza-i Hukuku Milliye Cemiyeti (Trabzon)
- Kilikyalılar Cemiyeti (Adana-Mersin)
- Hareket-i Milliye ve Redd-i İlhak Teşkilatları (Izmir)
- Adana Vilayeti Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti (Adana)
- Kozan Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti (Kozan)
- Anadolu Kadınları Müdafaa-i Vatan Cemiyeti (Women's organisation)
References
- ^ Lord Kinross: Atatürk Rebirth of a Nation, translation:Ayhan Tezel, Sander Yayınları, İstanbul, 1972, p. 239
- ^ "Anadolu ve Rumeli Müdafa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti". e-tarih.org (in Turkish).
- ^ FORSNET. "Kongreler/Cemiyetler: Kurtuluş Savaşı Yıllarında Kurulan Yararlı ve Zararlı Dernekler". ataturk.net (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2001-02-18. Retrieved 2015-04-15.