Ahmet Ağaoğlu
Ahmet Ağaoğlu | |
---|---|
Elisabethpol Governorate, Russian Empire | |
Died | 19 May 1939 Istanbul, Turkey | (aged 69–70)
Resting place | Feriköy Cemetery, Istanbul, Turkey |
Occupation | Journalist and politician |
Nationality | Azerbaijani |
Children | 5, including Samet, Süreyya and Tezer |
Relatives | Neriman Ağaoğlu (daughter-in-law) |
Ahmet Ağaoğlu, also known as Ahmet Bey Ağaoğlu (Azerbaijani: Əhməd bəy Ağaoğlu; December 1869 – 19 May 1939), was a prominent Azerbaijani and naturalized Turkish politician, publicist and journalist. He was one of the founders of Pan-Turkism[1] and liberal Kemalism.[2][3]
Life
Early life
Ağaoğlu was born in December 1869 to a
Nationalist politician
In 1905, Ağaoğlu played an important role in the prevention of ethnic clashes between
In the same years, along with other émigrés from the Russian Empire, like the pan-Turkist writers Yusuf Akçura and Ali bey Huseynzade, Ağaoğlu became a key figure in the Turkish movement led by Akçura's journal Türk Yurdu ("Turkish Homeland")[16] and became president of the Türk Ocağı ("Turkish Hearth") movement. Ağaoğlu was also among the contributors to İslam Mecmuası between 1914 and 1918 which was financed by the Committee for Union and Progress.[17]
Upon the establishment of the
Later life
After his liberation he moved to
If the West is superior in the material then it is due to its totality - its virtues and its vices. The Eastern system is permeated by religion at all levels and this brought decline, while secularization of the West brought superiority. If we want to survive we have to secularize our view of religion, morality, social relations, and law. This is possible only by accepting openly and unconditionally the mind as well as the behavior of the civilization which we are bound to imitate.[21]
In 1923 he was elected MP and later was involved in the Constitutional Committee.[22] In 1930 he founded the Free Republican Party, but as it became successful it was closed down in the same year, bringing an end to his political career.[23] In 1933 he published the newspaper Akın. Due to the critical views towards Inönüs Government published in Akin, it was closed in fall 1933.[24]
Ağaoğlu died in Istanbul in 1939.
Liberal Kemalism
Liberal Kemalism is the combination of Kemalism, the founding ideology of the Republic of Turkey, and liberalism, which is based on freedom.
Liberal Kemalism emerged as a result of the liberal interpretation of Kemalist thought by Ahmet Ağaoğlu in the early years of the republic in Turkey. Ağaoğlu, on the one hand, defined himself as a "Reformist and Kemalist", on the other hand he tried to develop an idea of "Liberal Kemalism".
Views
Ağaoğlu considered cultural and educational progress to be the major part for national liberation and viewed the emancipation of women as part of the struggle. Ağaoğlu was the first member of the Azeri national intelligentsia to raise his voice for the equal rights for women.
In his book Woman in the Islamic World, published in 1901, he claimed that "without women liberated, there can be no national progress".[26]
Publications
Islamlıkta Kadın (Woman in the Islamic World)
Üç Medeniyet (Three civilizations)
İran ve İnkılabı (The Iranian Revolution)
1550 ile 1900 arasında İran (Iran between 1550 and 1900)
Literature
- Tadeusz Swietotochwksi: Russian Azerbaijan, 1905-1920. The Shaping of National Identity in a Muslim Community, New York 1985.
- François Georgeon: "Les débuts d'un intellectuel azerbaidjanais: Ahmed Ağaoğlu en France (1888-1894)", in Passé turco-tatar, présent soviétique: études offertes à Alexandre Bennigsen, Paris 1986.
- Audrey L. Altstadt: The Azerbaijani Turks. Power and Identity under Russian Rule, Stanford 1992.
- Adeeb Khalid: The Politics of Muslim Cultural Reform: Jadidism in Central Asia, Berkeley 1998.
- Charles Kurzman: Modernist Islam, 1840-1940. A Sourcebook, New York 2002.
- A. Holly Shissler: Between Two Empires: Ahmet Ağaoğlu and the New Turkey, London 2002.
- Ufuk Özcan. Ahmet Ağaoğlu ve Rol Değişikliği: Yüzyıl Dönümünde Batıcı Bir Aydın, İstanbul, 2010
- Ali Kalirad: Az jāmʻe-ye Īrānī tā mīhan-e Turkī: zendegīnāme-ye fekrī va siyāsī-ye Aḥmad Āqāyef (1869-1939) [in Persian], Tehran 2013.
- Ali Kalirad: "From Iranism to Pan-Turkism: A Less-known Page of Ahmet Ağaoğlu’s Biography", Iran and the Caucasus, Volume 22, Issue 1 (2018), pp. 80–95.
References
- ISBN 978-0-520-21356-2.
- ^ ""Liberal Developments in One-Party Turkey"". Archived from the original on 2020-03-25.
- ^ "Kemalism and Turkish reforms from the perspective of Ataturk-era Thinkers" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-07-05.
- ISBN 978-0-19-926209-0, P. 344.
- ^ Ada Holly Shissler. Between Two Empires: Ahmet Agaoglu and the New Turkey, I.B.Tauris, 2003, p. 43
- ISBN 978-1-86064-855-7.
- ^ a b Shissler, Ada Holland (2003). p.45
- ^ Shissler, Ada Holland (2003). p.46
- ^ Kalirad, Ali (2013). Az jāmʻe-ye Īrānī tā mīhan-e Turkī: zendegīnāme-ye fekrī va siyāsī-ye Aḥmad Āqāyef (1869-1939). Tehran: Shirazeh. pp. 43–46.
- ISBN 978-90-6831-058-0.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-85771-084-0.
- ^ "Who is Ahmad bey Agaoglu?". Qadin.Net ~ First national women's portal. Retrieved 2023-03-16.
- ^ Ada Holly Shissler. open citation, p. 3
- ISSN 1573-384X.
- ISBN 978-1-86064-855-7.
- ISBN 978-1-86064-855-7.
- ^ Tuba Çavdar Karatepe (2001). "İslâm Mecmuası". Islam Encyclopedia (in Turkish). Vol. 23. pp. 53–54.
- ISBN 978-1-86064-855-7.
- ^ Charles Kurzman: Modernist Islam, 1840-1940. A Sourcebook, New York 2002, p. 229.
- ISBN 978-1-86064-855-7.
- ISBN 978-0-292-71826-5.
- ISBN 978-1-86064-855-7.
- ISBN 978-1-86064-855-7.
- ISBN 978-1-86064-855-7.
- ISBN 978-1-86064-855-7.
- ISBN 978-1-86064-855-7.