Caulimovirus
Caulimovirus | |
---|---|
virions bar scale equals 100 nm | |
Virus classification | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Riboviria |
Kingdom: | Pararnavirae |
Phylum: | Artverviricota |
Class: | Revtraviricetes |
Order: | Ortervirales |
Family: | Caulimoviridae |
Genus: | Caulimovirus |
Caulimovirus is a genus of
Taxonomy
The genus contains the following species:[2]
- Angelica bushy stunt virus
- Atractylodes mild mottle virus
- Carnation etched ring virus
- Cauliflower mosaic virus
- Dahlia mosaic virus
- Figwort mosaic virus
- Horseradish latent virus
- Lamium leaf distortion virus
- Mirabilis mosaic virus
- Soybean Putnam virus
- Strawberry vein banding virus
- Thistle mottle virus
Structure
Viruses in Caulimovirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=7, T=7 symmetry. The diameter is around 50 nm. Genomes are circular and non-segmented. The genome codes for 6 to 7 proteins.[1]
Genus | Structure | Symmetry | Capsid | Genomic arrangement | Genomic segmentation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caulimovirus | Icosahedral | T=7 | Non-enveloped | Circular | Monopartite |
Life cycle
Caulimoviruses achieve entry into plant cells via damaged tissues, transmission via an animal vector (aphid insects) and seeds passed down to generations. Plant cells do not possess receptors like animal cells that would allow the virus to enter and since plant cells are thick, viruses achieve entry as aforementioned. Once inside the plant, the virus spreads using
Genus | Host details | Tissue tropism | Entry details | Release details | Replication site | Assembly site | Transmission |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caulimovirus | Plants | None | Viral movement; mechanical inoculation | Viral movement | Nucleus | Cytoplasm | Mechanical inoculation: aphids |
Application: Plant Biotechnology
The Caulimovirus mosaic 35S promoter[4] has become a valuable tool for fine-tuning gene expression in plants and altering the phenotypes of transgenic plants. It can be used as modular cassette to control gene activity. Moreover, Caulimoviruses have also been investigated as possible vectors for introducing foreign genes into plants since these viruses have dsDNA. Since Caulimoviruses have regulatory promoter [5]elements, they play a role in developing plant modifications to increase resistance to disease and infections.
References
- ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ a b "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 21 May 2021.
- ^ "Reverse transcriptase | Enzyme Function & Applications | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 13 March 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2024.
- ISSN 2571-581X.
- ISSN 1572-9818.